NOBLE GAS DISCHARGES. Christoph Ottenhues
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1 NOBLE GAS DISCHARGES Christoph Ottenhues
2 Outline Historical overview Build-up and function of a discharge tube Different types of discharges Noble gas discharges Influences of the gas pressure Applications
3 Historical Overview 1857: H. Geisler invented the Geissler Tube 1868: Helium was discovered by J. Janssen and N. Lockler 1895: Argon was verified by Lord Rayleigh and W. Ramsay 1898: Ramsay found krypton, xenon and neon in liquid air 1898: Radon was discovered by F. E. Dorn
4 Build-up and function of a discharge tube Main components: Glas tube Voltage source Electron beam between cathode and anode Gas to excite(low or high pressure)
5 Build-up and function of a discharge tube Function: Two possibilities of photon radiation Free electron excites a gas atom e + A A * A + h ν Free electron ionizes a gas atom e + A A + A + h ν Ionization also creates new electrons Leads to a avalanche multiplication of electrons Increase of current flow Need of a current limiter
6 Build-up and function of a discharge tube Influences on the gas discharge: A single gas or a gas mixture Pressure of the gas Applied voltage and distance between cathode and anode Leads to higher electron energies
7 Different types of discharges Devide in three types of discharges: Townsend discharge Electric glow discharge Arc Discharge
8 Different types of discharges Electric glow discharge: Arc Discharge:
9 Noble gas discharges Helium discharge Neon discharge white to orange spectrum red-orange spectrum
10 Noble gas discharges Argon discharge Krypton discharge violet to blue spectrum gray to green spectrum
11 Noble gas discharges Xenon discharge Advantages of noble gases: Stabel No chemical reaction with glas Incombustible blue-gray spectrum
12 Influences of the gas pressure Increasing the pressure Broadening of the emitted light spectrum Decrease the current flow Arc discharge Argon discharge
13 Applications In the past: Neon glow discharge lamps NE-34 General-electric Broadway 1920s
14 Applications Nowadays: Ultra high pressure xenon discharge lamp Starting voltages up to 50kV Non operating pressure: 7bar Operating pressure up to 70bar Colour temperature of 6000K (sunlight 6500K) Efficiency: 60lm/W Used as: Floodlight, effect light Illumination of the night sky with FALCON 6000 CMY (with Osram xstage lightsource)
15 Sources C.F. Gallo Coronas and Gas Discharges in Electrophotography: A Review IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1975, Vol.IA-11, No. 6, S
16 Thank you for your attention
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