Measurements of Soil Concentrations of PCDD/PCDF/PCBs From a Community in Michigan, USA

Transcription

1 Measurements of Soil Concentrations of PCDD/PCDF/PCBs From a Community in Michigan, USA Avery H. Demond, Ph.D., P.E. The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA School of Public Health Institute for Social Research College of Engineering Center for Statistical Consultation & Research August 21, 2006

2 Authors and Funding College of Engineering Peter Adriaens Avery Demond Timothy Towey Shu-Chi Chang Institute for Social Research James Lepkowski Kristen Olson Barbara Lohr Ward Kathy LaDronka Jennifer Sinibaldi Center for Statistical Consultation Scott Swan Danielle Gwinn School of Public Health David Garabrant Alfred Franzblau Brenda Gillespie Lynn Zwica Elizabeth Hedgeman Kristine Knutson Qixuan Chen Shih-Yuan Lee Biling Hong Cami Sima This study was funded by Dow Chemical through an unrestricted grant to the University of Michigan. The University has complete independence to design, carry out and report all aspects of the study. University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 2 August 21, 2006

3 Introduction Objective of UMDES Relationship between living on contaminated soil and increase in body burden of dioxins Five geographic areas were sampled Participants were a representative sample of population Objective of Soil Sampling To measure the level of WHO (1998) 29 PCDD, PCDF and PCB congeners in soil on participants property Results were weighted by sampling probability University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 3 August 21, 2006

4 Geographic Sampling Areas Floodplain Near Floodplain Midland Plume Other Midland/ Saginaw Jackson/Calhoun University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 4 August 21, 2006

5 Location of Soil Samples Soil samples were taken at various locations on participants property House perimeter: 3-4 stations, 3 cores per station House Soil contact: Up to 2 stations, 3 cores per station Flower garden Vegetable garden Near river: Up to 1 station, 3 cores per station Close to Tittabawassee River University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 5 August 21, 2006

6 Soil Sampling Method Sampling ring was placed on ground Single-use polycarbonate tubes were driven into ground using a slide hammer Field notes were taken and locations of sampling rings were recorded using GPS Vegetation was collected separately University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 6 August 21, 2006

7 Compositing and Analysis of Soil Samples Cores were extruded and separated into two strata 0-1 inch 1-6 inch Strata were composited House: Garden: Near river: 0-1 inch,1-6 inch 0-6 inch 0-1 inch, 1-6 inch Vegetation was composited separately Composites were sent to Alta Labs for analysis for WHO (1998) 29 congeners by HRGC/HRMS University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 7 August 21, 2006

8 Number of Soil Samples Analyzed Numbers Floodplain Near Floodplain Midland Plume Other Midland/ Saginaw Jackson/ Calhoun TOTAL Properties sampled Samples analyzed University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 8 August 21, 2006

9 Histograms of Near River 0-1 Inch Soil Percent TEQ N = 191 Minimum = 1 pg/g Maximum = 9351 pg/g Mean = 302 pg/g Median = 15 pg/g Percent ,3,7,8-TCDD N = 191 Minimum = 0.1 pg/g Maximum = 147 pg/g Mean = 8 pg/g Median = 1 pg/g TEQ (pg/g) Concentration (pg/g) University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 9 August 21, 2006

10 Comparison of TEQ for Geographic Areas 4 House perimeter 0-1 inch Line in box = median Log10 (TEQ [pg/g]) = geometric mean Lower box margin = 25 th %ile Upper box margin = 75 th %ile Lower whisker = 1 st %ile Upper whisker = 99 th %ile 0 Floodplain Near Floodplain Midland Plume Other M/S Jackson/ Calhoun * = below 1 st ile% or above 99 th %ile University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 10 August 21, 2006

11 Background U.S. Levels LOCATION Number of samples Mean TEQ (pg/g) Nondetects EPA Region 8 Denver Front Range Area (2001) 39 (residential) 8.6 LOD/2 EPA Region 8 Denver Front Range Area (2001) LOD/2 MDEQ Lower Peninsula of Michigan (1999) MDEQ Southeast Lower Peninsula of Michigan (1999) UMDES Jackson/Calhoun (2006) 194 (residential) 8.3 LOD/ 2 University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 11 August 21, 2006

12 Congener Contributions to TEQ in Soil 100 Contribution to Total TEQ (%) FP Near FP Other MS MP JC FP Near FP Other MS MP JC FP Near FP Other MS Dioxins Furans PCBs MP JC University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 12 August 21, 2006

13 Variation in Soil in Floodplain Area Floodplain Area 4 Line in box = median Log10 (TEQ [pg/g]) = geometric mean Lower box margin = 25 th %ile Upper box margin = 75 th %ile Lower whisker = 1 st %ile Upper whisker = 99 th %ile 0 House perimeter 0-1 inch House perimeter 1-6 inch Near river 0-1 inch Near river 1-6 inch Garden * = below 1 st ile% or above 99 th %ile University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 13 August 21, 2006

14 Variation in Soil in Midland Plume Area Midland Plume Area 4 Line in box = median Log10 (TEQ [pg/g]) = geometric mean Lower box margin = 25 th %ile Upper box margin = 75 th %ile 1 Lower whisker = 1 st %ile 0 House perimeter 0-1 inch House perimeter 1-6 inch Garden Upper whisker = 99 th %ile * = below 1st ile% or above 99 th %ile University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 14 August 21, 2006

15 Properties Above Regulatory Levels Properties with at least 1 composite sample above a regulatory level Percent Floodplain Near Floodplain < 1 < Midland Plume Above 90 pg/g TEQ Above 1000 pg/g TEQ Other Midland/ Saginaw Jackson/ Calhoun University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 15 August 21, 2006

16 Conclusions Soil sampling was undertaken on 766 residential properties in five geographic areas in Michigan, USA The Floodplain and Midland Plume showed skewed distributions, with the mean being considerably greater than the median These areas showed elevated concentrations relative to the comparison area The TEQ is dominated by the dioxins in the Plume and by the furans in the Floodplain University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 16 August 21, 2006

17 Related Presentations Oral presentation 63 Analysis of Patterns in Soil Concentrations Poster 84 Methods for Sampling and Analyzing Soil Samples Poster 98 Spatial Analysis of Soil Concentrations Poster 100 Analysis of Vegetation Concentrations All posters in Poster Session A University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study Slide 17 August 21, 2006