Fundamentals of Water System Design
|
|
- Sabina Carter
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Technical Workshop Fundamentals of Water System Design 17, 18, 24, 25 January ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 1
2 Chapter 7: Piping System Development Piping System design Direct Return Analysis Reverse Return Analysis Primary-Secondary Analysis Type of Pumps and Valves Primary-Secondary Application Study Antifreeze Solutions for Low Temperature Application Pumping Design Factors 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 2
3 Piping System Design 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 3
4 Piping System Design Flowchart 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 4
5 Typical Building Layout Building usage Hotel Shopping Mall Services apartment Office Mechanical floor 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 5
6 Piping System Design Flowchart 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 6
7 Determine Loads and Consult References 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 7
8 Piping System Design Flowchart 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 8
9 Determine the system to be used and develop a concept for part-load control System FCU + PAU VAV system AHU (all air system) others Plantroom Water cooled chillers Air cooled chillers Split system Control Application Operation hour Zone IAQ/Energy consideration O&M Maintenance and Services 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 9
10 Piping System Design Flowchart 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 10
11 Develop Piping/Pumping System Concept Water distribution system Direct return Reverse return Direct + reverse return Chiller combination Full load/part load/ Emergency Standby Pumping system Primary Secondary Variable Primary sys 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 11
12 Piping System Design Flowchart 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 12
13 Piping System Design Flowchart 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 13
14 What is Direct Return and Reverse Return? Coil Coil Coil Coil Coil 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 14
15 What is Direct Return and Reverse Return? Direct Return Coil Coil Coil Coil Coil Coil Coil Coil Coil Coil Reverse Return 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 15
16 Load System Example 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 16
17 Piping Detail at Load Coil 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 17
18 Friction Loss, Medium Steel Pipe 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 18
19 Direct Return Piping Layout 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 19
20 Direct Return System C Unit 2 C' Piping pressure drop A B Unit 1 B' Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 80 kpa 98 kpa 108 kpa 90 kpa Flow F E Unit 4 E' Unit 3 D D' 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 20
21 Direct Return System Piping pressure drop and flow B C Unit 2 Unit 1 C' B' Unit 1 80 kpa 5.8 L/s Unit 2 98 kpa 5.2 L/s Unit kpa 5 L/s Unit 4 90 kpa 5.5 L/s A Flow F Unit 4 E' E Design flow: 5L/s D Unit 3 D' Assume coil pressure drop: 30kPa 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 21
22 Direct Return System Piping pressure drop and flow C Unit 2 C' Unit 1 65 kpa 6 L/s Unit 2 83 kpa 5.3 L/s Unit 3 93 kpa 5 L/s Unit 4 75 kpa 5.6 L/s B Unit 1 B' A Flow F Unit 4 E' E Design flow: 5L/s D Unit 3 D' Assume coil pressure drop: 15kPa 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 22
23 Reverse Return Piping Layout 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 23
24 Reverse Return System A B C D E Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 B' C' D' E' F Piping pressure drop and flow Unit kpa 5.36 L/s Unit kpa 5 L/s Unit kpa 5 L/s Unit kpa 5.36 L/s Total L/s Design flow: 5L/s Assume coil pressure drop: 30kPa 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 24
25 Reverse Return System A B C D E Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 B' C' D' E' F Piping pressure drop and flow Unit kpa 5.41 L/s Unit kpa 5 L/s Unit kpa 5 L/s Unit kpa 5.41 L/s Total L/s Design flow: 5L/s Assume coil pressure drop: 15kPa 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 25
26 Comparison Direct Return System Reverse Return System Coil Pressure drop = 30kPa Coil Pressure drop = 30kPa flow flow Unit 1 80 kpa 5.8 L/s Unit kpa 5.36 L/s Unit 2 98 kpa 5.2 L/s Unit kpa 5 L/s Unit kpa 5 L/s Unit kpa 5 L/s Unit 4 90 kpa 5.5 L/s Unit kpa 5.36 L/s Total 21.5 L/s Total L/s Pump kw = 2.3 kw Pump kw = 3.3 kw Coil Pressure drop = 15kPa Coil Pressure drop = 15kPa flow flow Unit 1 65 kpa 6 L/s Unit kpa 5.41 L/s Unit 2 83 kpa 5.3 L/s Unit kpa 5 L/s Unit 3 93 kpa 5 L/s Unit kpa 5 L/s Unit 4 75 kpa 5.6 L/s Unit kpa 5.41 L/s Total 21.9 L/s Total L/s Pump kw = 2.1 kw Pump kw =3.1 kw 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 26
27 Piping Detail: Load Coil Primary- Secondary 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 27
28 Primary-Secondary Piping 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 28
29 Primary/Secondary system Coil Pressure drop = 30kPa flow Unit kpa 8 L/s Unit kpa 5.8 L/s Unit kpa 5 L/s Unit kpa 6.6 L/s Total 25.4 L/s Primary Pump kw = 1.9 kw Secondary Pump kw = 4 x 0.2 = 0.8 kw Total Pump kw = 2.7 kw Compare to direct return system, pump kw = 2.1 kw 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 29
30 Purpose of Pumping Systems Transport sufficient water through the piping system at the minimum differential pressure that will satisfy all connected loads at different load conditions 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 30
31 Why balanced flow is important? Drawback of unbalanced system: Cannot meet the design flow and capacity at the air terminal unit Waste energy Short circuit (hydronic) Chiller hunting 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 31
32 How to balance the system? Add Balancing Device Fixed orifice Manual balancing valves Constant flow valve Pressure Independent control valve Remember Flow rate Q = C v A ΔP 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 32
33 Method 1 & 2 The manual balancing valve (Similar as orifice) Is an adjustable orifice - not a flow controller. Must be manually adjusted according to pressure differential. Introduces manual error into system performance ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 33
34 The manual balancing valve adjustment Requires special equipment and training on procedure. Have to access valves on-site in ceilings etc. Commissioning after installation, system filling, & pump commissioning. Requires time for commissioning. Difficult to re-balance if the project completion will be in staged or modified 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 34
35 The manual balancing act As a manual valve is adjusted, it not only changes the coil flow, it changes the total flow in the common pipe. The pressure differentials and flows across parallel circuits are upset and then must be re-adjusted. It will be a static system, cannot response to a dynamic or variable flow system Pressure differential & flow across the valve increased 1 Valve throttled & flow reduced Common pipe flow & pressure loss will be reduced 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 35
36 Branch and risers in Manual balancing system Don t forget those additional regulating valves: Branches Risers 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 36
37 Method 1 & 2 The manual balancing valve (Similar as orifice) Flow rate Q = C v A ΔP After commissioning or adjustment of the manual balancing valves, the Cv and A (area) of each valve is fixed. The flow rate will then be pressure dependent ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 37
38 Method 3 Constant Flow valve Characteristic Below the control range the cartridge is a fixed orifice & flow can be varied by a 2 way control valve In the dp control range, flow is limited to design +/-5% Differential Pressure (dp) Range Maximum kpad Range Minimum kpad 0 Flow 0 Design Maximum 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 38
39 By using constant flow valve PRO Less valves (not required in branch and riser) Reduce T&C work and time CON Flow modulating depend on control valves in part load Not fully dynamic balancing system Either in 2-way or 3-way control valves system 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 39
40 Method 3 Constant Flow valve Flow rate Q = C v A ΔP After installation of the constant flow valves, the (Cv A) of each valve will compensate the variation of the ( ΔP). The flow rate will then be kept constant. However, it is suitable for the constant flow application like, Constant flow chillers and pumps Most of the FCU application (constant flow) 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 40
41 Method 4 Pressure Independent Control Valve Pressure independent control valve Function:- 1. System pressure independent 2. Flow rate Modulating control 3. Pre-set maximum flow 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 41
42 Pressure Independent Control Valve Characteristic valve will then hold the flow rate constant regardless of the change in pressure differential. Flow rate varies according to the temp controller or DDC input signal (2-10V or 4-20mA) Pre-set Maximum flow for each AHU 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 42
43 System using Pressure Independent Control valve Characteristic Less valves, combine the control function. Elimination of branch balancing valves & reverse return pipe work. Valve authority = 100% Pre-set the max flow of each AHU and save lot of time in commissioning work. No need to re-balance the system even the project is staged or modified ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 43
44 Method 4 Pressure Independent Control Valve Flow rate Q 1% Q 100% = (C v A) ΔP After installation of the pressure independent control valves, the (Cv A) of each valve will compensate the variation of the ( ΔP) at various load at any time. The flow rate will then be pressure independent, only temperature / load dependent It is suitable for most of the modulating control applications, AHUs Precise flow control FCUs 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 44
45 What happen when the system is in part load? The pumping system will be required to operate under various load conditions Variable flow system differential pressures throughout the system will be dynamic. Hydronic systems should be hydraulically modeled to design for full load and part load performance 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 45
46 System at Part load 60% load 83% load 31% load OFF 100% load Coil Coil Coil Coil Coil Flow rate required for each AHU or branch is varying all the time 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 46
47 What happen in typical Control valve for part load condition Valve must be perfectly sized to provide exact resistance for pressure differential when fully open to provide design flow 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 47
48 Typical Control valve for part load Typical Control Valve is Pressure Dependence Standard 2 way valves vary opening area only but not flow. As pressure differential varies, the flow varies. Q = dp * Orifice constant 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 48
49 Control valve for part load Once below design flow, as each 2-way control valve reduces flow, it increases the pressure differential and flows across parallel circuits. System pressure varies affect the flowrate passing through valves and coils The temperature is then altered due to the pressure fluctuation. T Time 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 49
50 A system using typical control valve and manual balancing valve 480 PRESSURE kpa 310 kpa 262 kpa 82 kpa 0 PUMP Coil #1 REMOTE LOAD VFD Coil 6.3 L/s 35 kpa DP Coil 6.3 L/s 35 kpa 35 kpa 35 kpa 192 kpa 12 kpa Typical control valve Manual balancing valve 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 50
51 A system using typical control valve and manual balancing valve PRESSURE DROP OF CONTROL VALVE AND MANUAL BALANCING VALVE AT VARIOUS LOAD CONDITIONS Full Flow 75% Flow 50% Flow 25% Flow 10% Flow Branch Flow (L/s) Branch P (kpa) Coil P (kpa) Manual, Balancing Valve P (kpa) Control Valve P (kpa) As P across typical control valve increase seriously during part load Waste energy 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 51
52 Balancing Considerations in Variable Flow Systems Too large a balancing valve pressure drop will affect the performance and flow characteristic of the control valve. ASHRAE 2003 Applications Handbook, page ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 52
53 Balancing Considerations in Variable Flow Systems Options to Consider No manual balancing valves at coils Automatic differential pressure control to reduce differential pressure Pressure-independent control valves (with Flowrate pre-set function) Options NOT to Consider: Balancing valves for variable speed pumps 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 53
54 Four-Zone Heating System 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 54
55 Typical Building Layout Building usage Hotel Shopping Mall Services apartment Office Mechanical floor 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 55
56 Primary-Secondary Pumping, Four- Zone Heating System 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 56
57 Primary-Secondary Bridge Energy 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 57
58 Primary-Secondary Pumping, Four- Zone Heating System 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 58
59 Coil With Glycol Heat Exchanger and Pump 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 59
60 Pumped Coil With Face-Bypass Dampers 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 60
61 Specific Heats of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 61
62 Specific Heats of Aqueous Propylene Glycol 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 62
63 One-Shot Chemical Feeder 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 63
64 Thank you Edward Tsui ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 64
Conversion From Constant Flow System To Variable Flow
White Paper Conversion From Constant Flow System To Variable Flow By: Tony Egan 94.21-4/29/2010 www.armstrongintegrated.com S.A. Armstrong Limited 2010 S.A. Armstrong Limited 23 Bertrand Avenue Toronto,
More informationFrequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions System and Valve Basics: 1. Q: What is good cooling coil performance? A: The temperature range is controlled within +/- 0.5 F (0.28 C) off the cooling coil at set point or below.
More informationApplying Pressure Independent Control Valves in H.V.A.C. Systems. A Presentation to: Orange Empire ASHRAE Santa Ana Nov. 17, 2009
Applying Pressure Independent Control Valves in H.V.A.C. Systems A Presentation to: Orange Empire ASHRAE Santa Ana Nov. 17, 2009 1 Introduction I know, as building design consultants, so much of your effort
More informationAIR COOLED CHILLER CHILLED WATER PUMP CONTROL: The chilled water pump with the lowest runtime will automatically start when the outside air temperature rises above the system enable setpoint. When the
More informationSecondary Loop Chilled Water In Super High-Rise
The following article was published in ASHRAE Journal, May 2008. Copyright 2008 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. It is presented for educational purposes
More informationHVAC Processes. Lecture 7
HVAC Processes Lecture 7 Targets of Lecture General understanding about HVAC systems: Typical HVAC processes Air handling units, fan coil units, exhaust fans Typical plumbing systems Transfer pumps, sump
More informationBALANCING OF CONTROL LOOPS
1 BALANING OF ONTROL LOOPS A manual for getting the correct function of 23 conol loops used in hydronic heating and cooling systems. Here we must have a new picture. asselden Place, Melbourne, Ausalia
More informationCALEFFI. Compact automatic flow rate regulator with polymer cartridge. 127 series 01166/09 GB
Compact automatic flow rate regulator with polymer cartridge 127 series REGISTERED BS EN ISO 9001:2000 Cert. n FM 21654 UNI EN ISO 9001:2000 Cert. n 0003 CALEFFI 01166/09 GB Function The AUTOFLOW devices
More informationCommissioning - Construction Documents (Page 1 of 6)
Commissioning - Construction Documents (Page 1 of 6) A. General Information Climate Zone: Building Type: Conditioned Area (sf): Reviewer's Name: Reviewer's Agency: Note: Design Review for each system/subsystem
More informationThe Chilled Water and Hot Water Building Deferential Pressure Setpoint Calculation Chilled Water and Hot Water Pump Speed Control
The Chilled Water and Hot Water Building Deferential Pressure Setpoint Calculation Chilled Water and Hot Water Pump Speed Control Chenggang Liu Research Associate Homer L. Bruner, Jr., CEM Mechanical Systems
More informationSee any red flags? Let s take a look at the problems that occurred on the job and how to avoid making the same mistakes.
providing insights for today s hvac system designer Engineers Newsletter volume 43 2 Chilled-Water Systems Design Issues Learning from past mistakes As with anything in life, you can learn HVAC design
More informationBuilding Performance With District Cooling
Reprinting this proof for distribution or posting on web sites is not permitted. Authors may request permission to reprint or post on their web site once the fi nal version has been published. A reprint
More informationUNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI 23 0000 - Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) March 2015.01
GENERAL: This section provides general standards for overall sizing and design of Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. Other sections contain specific standards for each system per
More informationNEBB STANDARDS SECTION-8 AIR SYSTEM TAB PROCEDURES
NEBB STANDARDS SECTION-8 AIR SYSTEM TAB PROCEDURES 8.1 INTRODUCTION Testing, adjusting, and balancing of HVAC systems can best be accomplished by following a series of systematic procedures. The NEBB TAB
More informationLife Cycle Costing Analysis of Water-cooled Chillers. Chillventa Nuremburg, Germany
Life Cycle Costing Analysis of Water-cooled Chillers Chillventa Nuremburg, Germany Spring 2012 Description Life Cycle Cost Analysis is a method of determining and comparing the total costs of investment
More informationYour tool for designing efficient balancing solutions for heating and cooling systems
Application guide Your tool for designing efficient balancing solutions for heating and cooling systems 18 applications Our recommended applications for heating and cooling systems will improve comfort
More informationHIGH PERFORMANCE CHILLED WATER SYSTEMS. EarthWise HVAC. EarthWise HVAC High Performance CHW Plants
HIGH PERFORMANCE CHILLED WATER SYSTEMS EarthWise HVAC Simon Ho e: Simon.Ho@irco.com 2012 EarthWise HVAC High Performance CHW Plants Low Flow Low Temperature Systems Variable Flow Systems Variable CHW Variable
More informationFundamentals of HVAC Control Systems
ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Technical Workshop Fundamentals of HVAC Control Systems 18, 19, 25, 26 April 2007 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 1 Chapter 5 Control Diagrams and Sequences 2007 ASHRAE Hong
More informationREAL OPERATING COST SAVINGS FROM RETRO- COMMISSIONING OPPORTUNITIES FOR SAVINGS IN ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTERS
REAL OPERATING COST SAVINGS FROM RETRO- COMMISSIONING OPPORTUNITIES FOR SAVINGS IN ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTERS Ken L. Hansen P.E. University of Nebraska Medical Center hansenkl@unmc.edu 402-559- 5301 402-630-
More informationDigital Realty Data Center Solutions Digital Chicago Datacampus Franklin Park, Illinois Owner: Digital Realty Trust Engineer of Record: ESD Architect
Digital Realty Data Center Solutions Digital Chicago Datacampus Franklin Park, Illinois Owner: Digital Realty Trust Engineer of Record: ESD Architect of Record: SPARCH Project Overview The project is
More informationChilled Water System Commissioning: Variable Primary Flow. John D. Villani, P.E. Associate Grumman/Butkus Associates
Chilled Water System Commissioning: Variable Primary Flow John D. Villani, P.E. Associate Grumman/Butkus Associates AIA Quality Assurance Learning Objectives 1. History of chilled water system configurations
More informationULTRA-EFFICIENT HVAC DESIGN AND CONTROL
CASE STUDY ULTRA-EFFICIENT HVAC DESIGN AND CONTROL MAJOR HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR- CONDITIONING REPLACEMENT AT THE COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO CRIME LAB December 30, 2005 8520 Tech Way, Suite 110 San Diego,
More informationENERGY RETROFIT PROGRAM
ENERGY RETROFIT PROGRAM An innovative but simple retrofit for existing hot water and chilled water piping systems that will help you save money. REDUCE FLOW BY 50% REDUCE PUMP HEAD BY 75% REDUCE PUMP POWER
More informationCOMMERCIAL HVAC CHILLER EQUIPMENT. Air-Cooled Chillers
COMMERCIAL HVAC CHILLER EQUIPMENT Air-Cooled Chillers Technical Development Programs (TDP) are modules of technical training on HVAC theory, system design, equipment selection and application topics. They
More informationWater Volume Calculation in Hydronic Heating & Cooling Systems
Water Volume Calculation in Hydronic Heating & Cooling Systems Preface There are several methods which can be used to calculate the volume of water in a hydronic heating or cooling systems. However, these
More informationCalculating System Flow Requirements
Calculating System Flow Requirements To select a pump, we need to know the flow rate (the amount of fluid to be pumped) and the system resistance or head. In the U.S., flow rates are given in gallons per
More informationHVAC Systems: Overview
HVAC Systems: Overview Michael J. Brandemuehl, Ph.D, P.E. University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA Overview System Description Secondary HVAC Systems Air distribution Room diffusers and air terminals Duct
More informationTA-FUS1ON. Fully adjustable Kvs control and balancing valves. That s just two good.
TA-FUS1ON Fully adjustable Kvs control and balancing valves. That s just two good. Supported by the Reece hvac-r network. Through our 36 stores around Australia, Reece hvac-r is committed to supporting
More informationState of the Art Energy Efficient Data Centre Air Conditioning
- White Paper - State of the Art Energy Efficient Data Centre Air Conditioning - Dynamic Free Cooling - Release 2, April 2008 Contents ABSTRACT... 3 1. WHY DO I NEED AN ENERGY EFFICIENT COOLING SYSTEM...
More informationPresentation Outline. Common Terms / Concepts HVAC Building Blocks. Links. Plant Level Building Blocks. Air Distribution Building Blocks
Presentation Outline Common Terms / Concepts HVAC Building Blocks Plant Level Building Blocks Description / Application Data Green opportunities Selection Criteria Air Distribution Building Blocks same
More informationSPECIAL ISSUE: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION WORKSHOP
research journal 2013 / VOL 05.01 www.perkinswill.com SPECIAL ISSUE: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION WORKSHOP ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS Current Trends in Low-Energy HVAC Design
More informationCHILLER PLANT CONTROL MULTIPLE CHILLER CONTROLS
CHILLER PLANT CONTROL MULTIPLE CHILLER CONTROLS By: Michael J. Bitondo, Mark J. Tozzi Carrier Corporation Syracuse, New York August 1999 INTRODUCTION In December of 1998, the American Refrigeration Institute
More informationCase Study: Innovative Energy Efficiency Approaches in NOAA s Environmental Security Computing Center in Fairmont, West Virginia
Case Study: Innovative Energy Efficiency Approaches in NOAA s Environmental Security Computing Center in Fairmont, West Virginia Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy s Federal Energy Management Program
More informationOn/off room thermostats range. On/off V30 range. Master/slave PI V200 range. V3000 KNX networked PID range
Electromechanical controls Air control Water control On/off room thermostats range On/off room thermostats range Electronic controls Air control On/off V30 range On/off V30 range Water control Master/slave
More informationBEC 2012 Vs BEC 2015 - Summary of Major Amendments
- Summary of Major Amendments Note: 1. The following summary table includes the major amendments, with requirements tightened in general for enhanced energy efficiency. Please refer to BEC 2015 for the
More informationDesign Consultant (Electrical Services) Design Deliverables and Responsibilities Allocation (Stage E+)
Design Consultant (Electrical Services) Design Deliverables and Responsibilities Allocation (Stage E+) 1. In addition to the information scheduled below, the pre-tender designer is responsible for: (i)
More informationCOUNTERBALANCE VALVES
COUNTERBALANCE VALVES Introduction They are modulating valves which allow free flow into the actuator and then block the reverse flow until they feel a pilot pressure inversely proportional to the load
More informationImpacts of Static Pressure Set Level on the HVAC Energy Consumption and Indoor Conditions
Impacts of Static Pressure Set Level on the HVAC Energy Consumption and Indoor Conditions M. Liu, Y. Zhu, D. E. Claridge Energy Systems Laboratory Texas A&M University Ed. White Energy Management Operation
More informationCondensing Boiler Efficiency
Condensing Boiler Efficiency Date: July 17, 2012 PRES E NT ED BY DO N L E O NA RDI LE O N A RD I I NC. HV AC T RAI N I N G & C ON SU LT IN G Concepts 1 The current state of evolution in boiler design 2
More informationpresents Hydraulic Separation Beyond Primary / Secondary Piping
presents Hydraulic Separation Beyond Primary / Secondary Piping This Webinar is exclusively sponsored and the property of Caleffi Hydronic Solutions. All rights reserved. October 2007 Modern compact boilers
More informationHVAC CONTROLS INTRODUCTION
Invensys Building Systems ON-LINE VERSION HVAC CONTROLS INTRODUCTION Pop-up Definitions in this Online Document Terms that are blue, italic, and underlined, are provided with pop-up definitions, which
More informationDesign Guide. Retrofitting Options For HVAC Systems In Live Performance Venues
Design Guide Retrofitting Options For HVAC Systems In Live Performance Venues Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are major energy consumers in live performance venues. For this reason,
More informationData Realty Colocation Data Center Ignition Park, South Bend, IN. Owner: Data Realty Engineer: ESD Architect: BSA LifeStructures
Data Realty Colocation Data Center Ignition Park, South Bend, IN Owner: Data Realty Engineer: ESD Architect: BSA LifeStructures Project Overview Data Realty is a data center service provider for middle
More informationSECTION 23 05 93 TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING FOR HVAC INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION
SECTION 23 05 93 TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING FOR HVAC INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION The purpose of this guide specification is to assist the specifier in correctly specifying Mechanical System Testing
More informationUNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC / NASA UFGS-23 09 93 (November 2015) ----------------------------- Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding UFGS-23 09 23 (May 2011) UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS References
More informationWater hammering in fire fighting installation
Water hammering in fire fighting installation Forward One of major problems raised in the fire fighting network installed at Pioneer company for pharmaceutical industry /Sulaymania was the high water hammering
More informationA u t o m at i c B a l a n c i n g
A u t oflow A u t o m at i c B a l a n c i n g B e n e f i t s o f A u t o m at i c B a l a n c i n g System equipment, such as chillers and individual terminal units, is the heart of any HVAC system.
More informationThe main steam enters the building in the basement mechanical room; this is where the condensate line also leaves the building.
MSV: Square Footage: 24,844 No. of Floors: 1 Year Built: 1963 Type of Use: Lounge and dining area open all night for snacks Steam Water-cooled condenser, 50-Ton York unit with a 6 cylinder-reciprocating
More informationTHERMAL ANALYSIS OF A DATA CENTRE COOLING SYSTEM UNDER FAULT CONDITIONS
Eleventh International IBPSA Conference Glasgow, Scotland July 27-30, 2009 THERMAL ANALYSIS OF A DATA CENTRE COOLING SYSTEM UNDER FAULT CONDITIONS Michaël Kummert 1, William Dempster 1, and Ken McLean
More informationContents. Part 1 General Information... 1. Part 2 Outdoor Units... 9. Part 3 Installation... 50. Part 4 Troubleshooting 73
MCAC-VTSM-2013-03 R410a Full DC Inverter Mini VRF Contents Part 1 General Information... 1 Part 2 Outdoor Units... 9 Part 3 Installation... 50 Part 4 Troubleshooting 73 Part 5 Control System... 100 Manufacture
More informationVARIABLE VOLUME / VARIABLE SPEED SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
Bulletin D-120B Pages D120-115 to D120-118 VARIABLE SPEED PRIMARY CHILLED WATER PUMP CONTROL WITH TWO WAY VALVE DIRECT RETURN SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: The volume of water supplied to the system is varied in
More informationAutomated Commissioning for Energy (ACE) Platform for Large Retail Property. Overview
Automated Commissioning for Energy (ACE) Platform for Large Retail Property $62,900 dollars of energy savings identified during the first 6 weeks Overview The ability to pull large amounts of complex data
More informationCentrifugal Fans and Pumps are sized to meet the maximum
Fans and Pumps are sized to meet the maximum flow rate required by the system. System conditions frequently require reducing the flow rate. Throttling and bypass devices dampers and valves are installed
More informationBuilding Energy Systems. - HVAC: Heating, Distribution -
* Some of the images used in these slides are taken from the internet for instructional purposes only Building Energy Systems - HVAC: Heating, Distribution - Bryan Eisenhower Associate Director Center
More informationHEAVY DUTY STORAGE GAS
Multi-Fin flue technology Flue damper saves energy Electronic controls HEAVY DUTY STORAGE GAS Dependability The Rheem heavy duty gas range is the work horse of the industry having proved itself over many
More informationSubtropical Cities September 2006. Design for Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings in Queensland
Subtropical Cities September 2006 Design for Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings in Queensland Contents Typical Building Constraints & Requirements Understanding Energy Consumption in Buildings HVAC
More informationKU DESIGN GUIDELINES APPENDIX XVI RECOMMENDED BAS I/O CONTROL POINTS BY EQUIPMENT / SYSTEM
KU DESIGN GUIDELINES APPENDIX XVI RECOMMENDED BAS I/O CONTROL POINTS BY EQUIPMENT / SYSTEM AIR HANDLING UNITS... 1 CHILLERS... 2 COOLING TOWERS... 2 CLOSED LOOP COOLERS... 2 MISCELLANEOUS SUPPLY FANS...
More informationThermostatic valve Type AVTA
MAKING MODERN LIVING POSSIBLE Data sheet Thermostatic valve Type AVTA Thermostatic valves are used for proportional regulation of flow quantity, depending on the setting and the sensor temperature. The
More informationCHILLED WATER PLANT PUMPING SCHEMES. James J. Nonnenmann, PE Stanley Consultants, Inc. Muscatine, Iowa
CHILLED WATER PLANT PUMPING SCHEMES James J. Nonnenmann, PE Stanley Consultants, Inc. Muscatine, Iowa ABSTRACT From the advent of central chilled water plants, the system for delivering chilled water to
More informationHDA -----------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------- Lightstrips ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ceiling system for heating and cooling LIGHTSTRIPS LIGHTSTRIPS
More informationEnclosed Football Stadium Design History and Lessons Learned
Enclosed Football Stadium Design History and Lessons Learned Robert L. Towell, P.E., LEED AP, QCxP btowell@cxegroup.com CxE Group LLC St. Louis, Missouri 314-436-6543 With thanks to the St. Louis Convention
More informationDrives and motors. A guide to using variable-speed drives and motors in data centres
Drives motors A guide to using variable-speed drives motors in data centres The power behind the data Private public businesses, from banks to supermarkets, to telecommunications companies internet providers
More informationBuilding Controls MORE than a Time Clock. Building Automation is a Tool for the building to use to manage their environment
Building Controls MORE than a Time Clock Building Automation is a Tool for the building to use to manage their environment Speaker Ken Richardson President of Island Controls Started in the Controls Business
More informationCGC s Hybrid System Loop Control
verview The CGC Group Hybrid Heat Pump System does NT operate with the same fluid loop temperatures as a conventional reversing Water Source Heat Pump system. The CGC system differs from a WSHP system
More informationBy Steven C. Severini, P.E., Member ASHRAE
The following article was published in ASHRAE Journal, July 2004. Copyright 2004 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers, Inc. It is presented for educational purposes
More informationIDEA Presentation SMALL CAMPUS CHILLED WATER PLANT OPTIMIZATION.
IDEA Presentation SMALL CAMPUS CHILLED WATER PLANT OPTIMIZATION. Pre-Project Details Hawaiian Community College Campus consisting of 16 individual buildings totaling 308,000 sq.ft of conditioned space.
More informationClark County Fire Prevention
Clark County Fire Prevention Mission Statement: To provide the highest level of fire protection and related services TITLE: REQUIREMENTS FOR A NEW SPRINKLER SYSTEM IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE 2002 EDITION OF
More informationSession 2: Hot Water Supply
MEBS6000 Utility Services http://www.hku.hk/mech/msc-courses/mebs6000/index.html Session 2: Hot Water Supply Dr. Benjamin P.L. Ho Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong E-mail:
More informationBULLETIN NO. TEH-908. Bell & Gossett R T. Hydronic System Design with the Bell & Gossett System Syzer / ON GPM FLOW
2000 BULLETIN NO. TEH-8 Bell & Gossett Hydronic System Design with the Bell & Gossett System Syzer 2 T 3 4 AT R T DIF URE TEMPERA 5 6 2M 7 8 9 10 3M 1 1M 800 600 0 400 GPM/T / ON GPM FLOW P PIPING FRICTION
More informationData Center Planning. PUE Overview
Data Center Planning PUE Overview Steve Carter, Americas Managing Principal Charles Prawdzik Jr., Project Manager HP Critical Facility Services delivered by EYP Mission Critical Facilities, Inc. 2008 Hewlett-Packard
More informationWater supply in tall buildings: roof tanks vs. pressurised systems
Water supply in tall buildings: roof tanks vs. pressurised s Introduction The use of roof tanks to ensure adequate water pressure in buildings, and especially tall buildings, is very common. The alternative
More informationENERGY SAVING STUDY IN A HOTEL HVAC SYSTEM
ENERGY SAVING STUDY IN A HOTEL HVAC SYSTEM J.S. Hu, Philip C.W. Kwong, and Christopher Y.H. Chao Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay,
More informationDIABLO VALLEY COLLEGE CATALOG 2015-2016
HEATING, VENTILATION, AIR CONDITIONING, REFRIGERATION - HVACR Tish Young, Dean Physical Sciences and Engineering Division Physical Sciences Building, Room 263 Possible career opportunities Upon successful
More informationTom Brooke, PE, MBA, CEM tabrooke@embarqmail.com
Tom Brooke, PE, MBA, CEM tabrooke@embarqmail.com Framework, perspective or example in a particular discipline at a given time These four new models are: New and additional, or Updated Today's Paradigm
More informationWith the background of fulfilling public commitments for ECONO-PILOT ENERGY-SAVING SYSTEM FOR WATER PUMPS
ECONO-PILOT ENERGY-SAVING SYSTEM FOR WATER PUMPS SAWAI Tsuneji *1 TAKAHASHI Hiroshi *1 INOUE Ken-ichi *2 We have developed the Econo-Pilot energy-saving system for water pumps, which reduces the power
More information4 Posiflow Proportional Solenoid Valves
4 Posiflow Solenoid Brass or Stainless Steel Bodies 1/4" to 1/2" NPT 2/2 Features Flow rates adjustable between 0% and 100% of rating Flow rate can also be regulated by a range of electrical inputs (sensors,
More informationWater Fired Chiller/Chiller-Heater. WFC-S Series: 10, 20 and 30 RT Cooling
Water Fired Chiller/Chiller-Heater WFC-S Series: 1, 2 and 3 RT Cooling W E A R E F R I E N D L Y T O T H E E A R T H Water Fired SINGLE-EFFECT Chiller or Chiller-Heater Absorption Principle Cooling Cycle
More informationComparing Energy Savings of Different VAV Systems
Comparing Energy Savings of Different VAV Systems Prepared By: Martyn Dodd mart@energysoft.com EnergySoft LLC 1025 5th Street, Suite A Novato, CA 94945 415-897-6400 www.energysoft.com Last Modified: March
More informationAdvanced Heat Reclaim Systems. Harrison Horning, PE, CEM Delhaize America - Hannaford
Advanced Heat Reclaim Systems Harrison Horning, PE, CEM Delhaize America - Hannaford Outline Basic refrigeration cycle Conventional series heat reclaim Full-condensing parallel heat reclaim Direct Hydronic
More informationMini-HYDRO TM Installation Manual
Mini-HYDRO TM Installation Manual Zone Pump Version Zone Valve Version NOTICE: READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. FAILURE TO FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS VOIDS WARRANTY. Introduction: The Mini-HYDRO (patent pending)
More informationHow To Design A Refrigeration System
AIRAH Refrigeration (in HVAC) Back to Basics For the First Time Terms of Reference What this session is NOT about Detailed Refrigeration Design Detailed analysis of various Refrigants properties Comparison
More informationENHANCED LABORATORY HVAC SYSTEM
ENHANCED LABORATORY HVAC SYSTEM INTRODUCTION Since the early 1980's the attention to more energy efficient laboratory designs has been on the rise due to the increase in energy cost and the emergence of
More informationData sheet ECC 12 and 22
Application ECC is an electronic room temperature controller for water-based systems. ECC can control - fan-coil units - inductions units - air conditioning systems - small ventilating systems - 2-pipe
More informationDemand Based Static Pressure Reset Control for Laboratories
LLC Demand Based Static Pressure Reset Control for Laboratories Laboratories are generally the largest users of energy in any facility. Whether in a pharmaceutical research facility, a university or a
More informationStudy on Performance Evaluation of a Split Air Conditioning System Under the Actual Conditions
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2006 Study on Performance Evaluation of a Split Air Conditioning System Under
More informationDN [mm] [m 3 /h] Characterizing disk Dimensions / Weights see «Dimensions and weights», page 3 Motorizing
Technical data sheet R5.. Characterized control valves, 3-way, with external thread for open and closed cold and warm water systems for modulating control on the water side of air-handling and heating
More informationGlossary of HVAC Terms
Glossary of HVAC Terms Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is a major sub- discipline of mechanical engineering. The goal of HVAC design is to balance indoor environmental comfort with other
More informationELECTRIC CENTRAL HEATING FLOW BOILER
ELECTRIC CENTRAL HEATING FLOW BOILER EKCO.T Used product can t be treated as general communal waste. Disassembled appliance has to be delivered to the collection point of electrical and electronic equipment
More informationASHRAE Boston Chapter Meeting Designing AC Refrigeration Systems Lessons Learned February 11, 2014
ASHRAE Boston Chapter Meeting Designing AC Refrigeration Systems Lessons Learned February 11, 2014 Explanation of the refrigeration cycle. Compressors. Benefits and operating characteristics. -Reciprocating
More informationfor Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors
Building Technologies Program HVAC Controls Guide for Plans Examiners and Building Inspectors September 2011 Authors: Eric Makela, PNNL James Russell, PECI Sarah Fujita, PECI Cindy Strecker, PECI Prepared
More informationPressure Limiting Driver (PLD)
Pressure Limiting Driver (PLD) Discharge Pressure Control Suction Pressure Control June 9 2009 Mark Evans Clarke Fire Protection Products Justin Strousse Clarke Fire Protection Products Overview Discharge
More informationScope of Work. See www.sei.ie for resources available
HVAC SWG Summary Background Pool energy-efficiency knowledge Increase cost-competitiveness Develop resources aimed at assisting in reducing HVAC energy consumption Address barriers to energy-saving HVAC
More informationVertical Multistage Centrifugal Electric Pumps SV2-4-8-16 Series NEW LASER TECHNOLOGY
Vertical Multistage Centrifugal Electric Pumps SV2-4-8-16 Series NEW LASER TECHNOLOGY TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Water supply Transfer and distribution from water systems Pressure boosting in apartment buildings
More informationNews in Data Center Cooling
News in Data Center Cooling Wednesday, 8th May 2013, 16:00h Benjamin Petschke, Director Export - Products Stulz GmbH News in Data Center Cooling Almost any News in Data Center Cooling is about increase
More informationChilled Water HVAC Systems
Chilled Water HVAC Systems By Ron Prager, Brinco Mechanical Services, Inc. Types of water based systems: There are three types of HVAC systems that utilize water as a heat transfer medium. The first system,
More informationCode of Practice for Building Energy Audit
Code of Practice for Building Energy Audit 2012 Code of Practice for Building Energy Audit Table of Contents Page No. 1. Introduction 1 2. Interpretations 1 3. Application 4 4. Technical Compliance with
More informationMechanical Systems Proposal revised
Mechanical Systems Proposal revised Prepared for: Dr. William Bahnfleth, Professor The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Architectural Engineering Prepared by: Chris Nicolais Mechanical Option
More informationHeating, ventilation and air conditioning zone controls
Technology information leaflet ECA762 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning zone controls A guide to equipment eligible for Enhanced Capital Allowances Contents Introduction 01 Background 01 Setting
More informationIntroduction to Building Automation Systems (BAS)
Introduction to Building Automation Systems (BAS) Ryan R. Hoger, LEED AP 708.670.6383 ryan.hoger@tecmungo.com Building Automation Systems Centralized controls Change scheduling for multiple HVAC units
More informationOverview of types. Technical data
Technical data sheet R3..xx-S.. Characterised control valves, 3-way, with internal thread For closed cold and warm water systems For modulating water-side control of HU and heating systems ir bubble-tight
More information