Fostering Seaport Regions Policy Arena s, Port Innovation and Infrastructure Networks

Transcription

1 Fostering Seaport Regions Policy Arena s, Port Innovation and Infrastructure Networks Dr.ir. Gerard P.J. Dijkema Associate Professor Energy & Industry Group Project Leader, Next Generation Infrastructures Foundation spm9539 October 18 th, Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management PO Vermelding Box 5015, onderdeel 2600 organisatie GA Delft-NL g.p.j.dijkema@tudelft.nl

2 An image of 2030: Maasvlakte II largest Port expansion in the EU 3.5 billion investment A large Port system But.. How to get there? Port of Rotterdam, /71

3 Structure and content Teaser Technology, Policy and Management Seaport Regions and Infrastructures Understanding and Shaping Seaport Regions Takeaways Discussion

4 Seaport /Infrastructure threats For sale /71

5 Why do Seaports Really Matter? Seaports benefit the economy gateways to: global markets (EU) global resources (Industry at Large) global fossil energy sources (Society at Large) Seaports benefit the region by attracting (foreign) investments because of related infrastructure development by providing jobs to create, operate, maintain; services Seaports impact the natural environment by the very use of land by seaport-related activities /71

6 Seaport region traditional view Hub (in a transport network) Connecting a hinterland with the world In a geographically favourable location Focus is on transport, shipping, distribution Enabler of (global) supply-chains Common interests and public funding Public infrastructure, (semi-) public Port Authority Operation financed from charging fees (shipping, land-use) /71

7 Seaport region traditional view (2) Characteristics Seaport prosperity / growth is a function of Global economic development Hinterland proximity / prosperity / activity Quality and capacity of connecting infrastructure Typical life-cycle Initiation, Expansion, Maintain, Rejuvenate, Modernize Internal infrastructure congestion, lack-of-space /71

8 Seaport region traditional view (2) Characteristics Seaport prosperity / growth is a function of Global economic development Hinterland proximity / prosperity / activity Quality and capacity of connecting infrastructure Typical life-cycle Initiation, Expansion, Maintain, Rejuvenate, Modernize Internal infrastructure congestion, lack-of-space Dilemmas Local (environmental) impact vs. external prosperity Competition between Ports versus Port-fees Investment / Expansion requires (scarce) public funding No direct control over external infrastructure Reactive or pro-active Port Authority? /71

9 Actors that shape Port regions European Union National Government & Parliament Regional/Local Authorities (Regional Development Authorities) Private companies, investors Creating a level-playing-field ; Directives; Trans-European Network Socio-Economic climate; Industrial Policy, Education, General and Specific Policies; Infrastructure Make it happen ; foster social networks; marketing; infrastructure In: capital, knowledge, labour, services; Out: products, services, employment /71

10 Relevant policy area s - Traditional Transport - (short)sea, river, rail, road Environmental Policy Investment climate Industry location Energy Infrastructure So get on with it?? /71

11 Seaport Region Development requires understanding of Infrastructure and Industry Systems Content and Structure Technology & Innovation The System Environment The economy, markets The natural environment Regulatory regimes Relevant Actors Interests, Influences, Instruments Connected decision arena s /71

12 Seaport Region Development requires understanding of Infrastructure and Industry Systems Content and Structure Technology & Innovation The System Environment The economy, markets The natural environment Regulatory regimes Relevant Actors Interests, Influences, Instruments Connected decision arena s of Technology, Policy and Management /71

13 Seaports: System View Physical Network Actor Network Physical Network Actor Network Socio-Technical Network In and around a Seaport, everything is connected /71

14 Seaports: System View Physical Network Actor Network Physical Network Actor Network Socio-Technical Network Ecologic Environment Economic Environment In and around a Seaport, everything is connected /71

15 Why Traditional Seaports Suffer Rationalisation and specialisation of transport Early 20 th Century Shift from sail to steampowered ships Shift from manpower to engine power: cranes Expansion/growth due to transport growth As of the seventies: containerisation Labour-intensive stukgoed disappeared Dramatic increase in scale-of operation: terminals, ships As of the eighties/nineties Pervasive impact of ICT: fully automated container-terminals lack of recognition of connectedness, change? /71

16 Why Traditional Seaports Suffer Today, minimum scale of operations required.. for Global container shipping and Terminals for Feeder lines for Short-sea shipping for Oil and Chemical Tankers, Refineries & Plants. for fats and vegetable oils & agro-industry even for Orange Juice Value is added in the region by capital-intensive facilities by relatively few people! /71

17 Seaport regions cluster view Many a seaport is attractive to a variety of industries E.g. pre-wwii: agro-related activities Post WWII: refining and petrochemical industry 21 st century: preferred location for power plants; biobased clusters? Infrastructure, service companies appear on the scene Warehousing, distributors, utilities, ICT, (waste)water etc. Industrial maintenance, tank-cleaning, catering, etc. etc. Knowledge providers: engineers and consultants, professional authorities (inspection agencies etc. etc.) /71

18 Seaport regions cluster view Many a seaport is attractive to a variety of industries E.g. pre-wwii: agro-related activities Post WWII: refining and petrochemical industry 21 st century: preferred location for power plants; biobased clusters? Infrastructure, service companies appear on the scene Warehousing, distributors, utilities, ICT, (waste)water etc. Industrial maintenance, tank-cleaning, catering, etc. etc. Knowledge providers: engineers and consultants, professional authorities (inspection agencies etc. etc.) 21 st Century: Foster this Agglomeration Effect!! Shift activities, shift competition to the network level! /71

19 Seaport Regional Development Key Questions How to successfully create / rejuvenate economic development in a region? How to let public infrastructure investments foster industrial development /71

20 Understanding and Shaping Regional Industry-Infrastructure Networks Case : Eemsdelta Cluster Regional Development Agency: Groningen Seaports Staff: Rob Stikkelman, Gerard Dijkema Ph.D students: Igor Nikolic, Koen van Dam M.Sc. Students: Sjoerd Blokker, Robert Praet /71

21 Eemsdelta - Delfzijl Present: Chemical Industry Network 8 chemical companies Extensive infrastructure Future: Sustainable Energy & Bio-Based Industry Network How to Shape Network Evolution?

22 Company Perspective To the Eemsdelta? "Anything can be made anywhere on the face of the earth and sold everywhere else on the face of the earth." Lester Thurow, quoted in the New York Times but some products and services are made and sold via connected infrastructure systems (electricity, water, waste) /71

23 Company site-selection process Criteria Decision-making The company Its Financiers Site Selection Proces Strategische Beslissing Long List Short List Design and Build /71

24 Focus: regional industrial cluster How to (Help) Shape the System? industry: scales & decisions complex dynamics Strategy <Investment> Information <Operations Management> Technology <Design & Experience> /71

25 Foster Network Evolution!

26 Why Traditional Seaports Suffer Today, minimum scale of operations required.. for Global container shipping and Terminals for Feeder lines for Short-sea shipping for Oil and Chemical Tankers, Refineries & Plants. for fats and vegetable oils & agro-industry even for Orange Juice Value is added in the region by capital-intensive facilities by relatively few people! /71

27 Seaport regions cluster view Many a seaport is attractive to a variety of industries E.g. pre-wwii: agro-related activities Post WWII: refining and petrochemical industry 21 st century: preferred location for power plants; biobased clusters? Infrastructure, service companies appear on the scene Warehousing, distributors, utilities, ICT, (waste)water etc. Industrial maintenance, tank-cleaning, catering, etc. etc. Knowledge providers: engineers and consultants, professional authorities (inspection agencies etc. etc.) /71

28 Seaport regions cluster view Many a seaport is attractive to a variety of industries E.g. pre-wwii: agro-related activities Post WWII: refining and petrochemical industry 21 st century: preferred location for power plants; biobased clusters? Infrastructure, service companies appear on the scene Warehousing, distributors, utilities, ICT, (waste)water etc. Industrial maintenance, tank-cleaning, catering, etc. etc. Knowledge providers: engineers and consultants, professional authorities (inspection agencies etc. etc.) 21 st Century: Foster this Agglomeration Effect!! Shift activities, shift competition to the network level! /71

29 Relevant policy area s 21 st Century Energy and Infrastructure Transport ((short)sea, river, rail, road Energy: electricity, natural gas, (waste) heat, hydrogen, Flood protection, (waste) water ICT broadband internet Economic activity and our natural environment Sustainable development Climate policy Regional development and land-use planning /71

30 EnergyValley From an energy complex to an energy cluster? Who, How, What? Picture source: es/energy%20valley_0.ppt /71

31 EnergyValley Concentration of energy companies, project, research, education Regional cluster (Pieken in de Delta, Regeerakkoord, Topsector Energy Strategic location in Europa W.r.t. gas and electricity networks, North Sea W.r.t. the North of Germany EnergyValley as cluster facilitator After Owen Huisman, /71

32 Slide source: /71

33 Decision-making: assess the future and risks Trends & Scenario s Explore the Region s environment Identify relevant trends Analyse their potential impact Design strategies and policies /71

34 Relevant policy area s 21 st Century Economic landscaping EU: market liberalisation, re-regulation, privatisation; WTO / GATT / China: global production patterns and trade flows Lisbon Agenda Knowledge and education Science, Technology and Innovation (Lisbon Agenda) Etcetera /71

35 Issues that will be around Seaports, clusters or mainports? Transport hub or much more? Greenfield situations: how to make them tick Brownfield situations: how to maintain prosperity; transition? Benefits to the economy or the region? Connected policy arena s and spheres /71

36 Takeaways Seaports go way beyond transport a myriad of policy arena s is relevant use a systems or cluster view! (or eat the spaghetti) recognize trends and the life-cycle of seaport (parts) seaports: a competitive market balance the region, the economy and the environment must foster sustainable development Technology, Policy and Management in Action! /71

37 Seaport policy and management, challenging, inspiring and a lot of fun!! Thank you for your attention! Questions? Dr.ir. Gerard P.J. Dijkema g.p.j.dijkema@tudelft.nl Faculteit Techniek, Bestuur en Management PO Box 5015, 2600 GA Delft /71