DO NOT DUPLICATE. Although both continence and wound care specialists. Incontinence-Related Skin Damage: Essential Knowledge FEATURE
|
|
- Imogene Edwards
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 FEATURE Incontinence-Related Skin Damage: Essential Knowledge Mikel Gray, PhD, FNP, PNP, CUNP, CCCN, FAANP, FAAN Incontinence-associated dermatitis, a clinical manifestation of moisture-associated skin damage, is a common consideration in patients with fecal and/or urinary incontinence. Among hospitalized patients, the prevalence rate has been found to be as high as 27%. Exposure to skin surface irritants may be a predictor and the condition, in turn, may be a factor in pressure ulcer risk because skin integrity is compromised. Differential diagnosis, usually based on visual examination, can help determine whether incontinence-associated dermatitis or a pressure ulcer is present. Prevention comprises following a structured skin care regimen that includes gentle cleansing, moisturization, and application of a skin protectant or moisture barrier. Treatment goals include protecting the skin from further exposure to irritants, establishing a healing environment, and eradicating any cutaneous infection. This concise review of relevant literature underscores the scant amount of evidence-based information available and highlights the need for further studies that involve comparing protocol and product efficacy to determine best practice for this oft-encountered condition. KEYWORDS: incontinence-associated dermatitis, perineal dermatitis, moisture-associated skin damage, dermatitis, incontinence Ostomy Wound Management 2007;53(12):28 32 Although both continence and wound care specialists often encounter patients with moisture-associated skin damage, knowledge of its prevalence, diagnosis, and management is limited. For the continence specialist, skin damage is a complication of prolonged exposure to urine or stool and often thought to be best managed by treating the underlying incontinence. In contrast, patients with incontinencerelated skin damage often are referred to a wound care specialist when they develop a pressure ulcer and treatment tends to focus primarily on the full-thickness wound. The purpose of this brief review is to outline essential knowledge about skin damage related to incontinence from the perspective of the continence clinician. This knowledge includes the epidemiology, primary causes, and clinical course of incontinenceassociated dermatitis; its relationship to pressure ulceration and pressure ulcer risk; its distinctive characteristics; and its management. What is Incontinence-Associated Moisture-associated skin damage (MASD) is a term frequently used by clinicians to describe the irritation, inflammation, and erosion associated with prolonged exposure of the skin to perspiration, urine, stool, or wound exudate. 1 Clinically, MASD may manifest in several ways. Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), 2 sometimes referred to as perineal dermatitis, is characterized by irritation and inflammation of the skin from prolonged exposure to urine or stool. Incontinence-associated dermatitis also is a factor of Dr. Gray is a Nurse Practitioner and Professor, University of Virginia, Department of Urology and School of Nursing, Charlottesville, Va. Please address correspondence to: Mikel Gray, PhD, Department of Urology, University of Virginia, PO Box , Charlottesville, VA 22908; mg5k@virginia.edu. 28 OstomyWound Management
2 regular use of an absorptive containment device such as an incontinence brief or pad, which raises the ph of the underlying skin and increases production of perspiration. Erosion of the skin occurs frequently probably attributable to friction created by moving moist or saturated pads or clothing over irritated skin or to damage from digestive enzymes present in liquid or solid stool. Moisture-associated skin damage also may appear as skin irritation that accompanies intertrigo (dermatitis and secondary infection occurring in the skin folds) 2 or as periwound maceration caused by prolonged contact of healthy skin surrounding a suppurative wound with wound exudate and toxins created by bacteria within the wound bed. 2,3 This discussion focuses on IAD because it is most commonly encountered when managing patients with urinary and/or fecal incontinence. How Prevalent is Incontinence-Associated Recent research and clinical experience demonstrate that IAD is prevalent, especially among patients managed in acute and long-term care settings. Junkin and Selekof 4 studied the prevalence of incontinenceassociated skin damage among hospitalized patients in the US and reported prevalence rates of 27% in one group (n = 976) and 20% in a second group (n = 607). Bliss et al s 5 analysis of information in the Minimum Data Set (MDS), linked to relevant variables in electronic medical records specific to perineal dermatitis, found a 6% prevalence among 10,215 nursing home residents; however, the authors believe this to be a conservative estimate because the MDS used to determine prevalence did not specifically direct staff to assess for IAD. What Causes Incontinence-Associated Incontinence-associated dermatitis occurs when the skin is exposed to surface irritants. 2 Although the pathophysiology of IAD is not completely understood, existing evidence suggests that its inflammatory response causes the release of inflammatory cytokines; increases the skin s transepidermal water loss (TEWL), compromising its ability to act as a moisture barrier; and elevates the ph at the skin s surface, compromising its acid mantle. 2,6,7 Bliss et al s 5 MDS data analysis concluded that fecal incontinence or double urinary and fecal incontinence are predictors of IAD, while urinary incontinence alone did not predict an increased risk. Junkin and Selekof 4 found an association between IAD and use of absorptive incontinence products. Is Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis Related to Pressure Ulcer Risk? Histopathologic analysis of patients with IAD and pressure ulceration reveals different patterns. 6 Specifically, IAD is associated with inflammation and pressure ulceration with ischemia and characterized by erythema and inflammation. Typically, IAD is found in skin folds or underneath absorptive products in areas where the skin experiences prolonged exposure to urine, stool, or other moisture sources. In contrast, a deep tissue injury is characterized by darker red or purplish tones resembling a deep bruise found over bony prominences. Although IAD is associated with erosion of the skin owing to friction or irritant damage, lesions remain partial-thickness and free from necrosis. A fullthickness wound, with or without necrosis, reflects ischemic tissue damage and is classified as a pressure ulcer. 8 Urinary and fecal incontinence are associated with pressure ulcer risk and they are a component of multiple pressure ulcer risk assessment tools. 9 Although an analysis of existing evidence does not support a conclusion that urinary or fecal incontinence causes pressure ulcers, their presence increases Ostomy Wound Management 2007;53(12):28 32 KEY POINTS Moisture-associated skin damage is frequently observed in clinical practice and is a known risk factor for serious complications. Prevention and management protocols are often tradition-based but there is some evidence that a structured skin and patient care regimen will help prevent skin damage and resultant complications. December 2007 Vol. 53 Issue 12 29
3 the vulnerability of skin integrity and they are frequently associated with pressure ulcers affecting the sacral area or the buttocks. 10 How is Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis Diagnosed and Differentiated from a Pressure Ulcer? The burning and itching of IAD-affected skin may distress many patients but these symptoms are not a determining factor in diagnosis. Diagnosis is primarily based on visual inspection of the skin. 1 Diagnosis is confirmed when signs of inflammation occur in skin folds or areas of skin regularly exposed to fecal, urinary, or double urinary and fecal incontinence. Erythema tends to be bright red, especially in persons with lighter skin tones. Approximately one in five persons with IAD will have evidence of co-existing cutaneous candidiasis, 4 which is characterized by a maculopapular red rash and satellite lesions. Erosion may occur, especially in the base of skin folds or when the skin is exposed to liquid stool containing digestive enzymes. A pressure ulcer always should be suspected in patients with other risk factors for pressure ulceration, including immobility and loss of cutaneous sensations. A pressure ulcer also should be suspected whenever the skin damage occurs over a bony prominence or extends in depth beyond the dermis of the skin. A wound care clinician should be consulted to resolve diagnostic uncertainty. Can Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis Be Prevented? Although clinical evidence about IAD remains sparse, some of the strongest available evidence is associated with prevention that involves a structured skin care regimen. 2 The efficacy of this approach is supported by a quasi-experimental study 11 comparing four skin damage prevention regimens in 1,918 nursing home residents with incontinence. Other quasiexperimental and pre- and post-implementation studies support the effectiveness of structured skin care regimens designed to prevent perineal skin injury; these studies focused on partial-thickness pressure ulcers or both IAD and pressure ulcers. The principles of a structured skin care regimen comprise gentle cleansing, moisturization, and application of a skin protectant or moisture barrier. 1,2 Limited evidence from a prospective, descriptive study of 32 skilled nursing facility residents with incontinence suggests that a cleanser that matches the ph of the skin and contains moisturizers or humectants may be preferable to soap and water, especially in aged skin. 16 In addition, according to the results of a retrospective study of longterm care residents with incontinence, gentle cleansing with a disposable soft cloth may protect the moisture barrier of the skin more effectively than washing with a traditional hospital washcloth. 15 Although the application of a skin protectant clearly is an essential component of preventive regimens, the most effective type of skin protectant has not yet been determined. In a comparative study 11 involving a structured skin care regimen, researchers concluded that an acrylate terpolymerbased, alcohol-free barrier film provided more costeffective protection than petrolatum, zinc oxide, or dimethicone-based ointment. Products that effectively combine these products into a single step are preferred because of the time-saving, cost-reducing potential associated with prevention. 17 What is the Appropriate Treatment for Incontinence-Associated Treatment for IAD should directly address skin inflammation and erosion and may be provided in conjunction with primary management of the underlying incontinence. The goals of treatment are to 1) protect the skin from further exposure to irritants, 2) establish a healing environment that allows eroded skin to repair itself, and 3) eradicate any cutaneous infection such as candidiasis. Very limited evidence exists to support the efficacy of most interventions but clinical experience supports beginning a structured skin care program based on the previously outlined principles. 1,7,10 In a cross-over study 18 of 81 long-term care residents, increasing the frequency of adult incontinence brief changes reduced the incidence of partial-thickness pressure ulcers, although it did not reduce the occurrence of erythema. For some patients, removing irritants and protecting the skin from additional exposure may be sufficient to facilitate skin repair. Nevertheless, more aggressive intervention is 30 OstomyWound Management
4 needed for many patients with more compromised skin tolerance. Limited evidence from a randomized, controlled experimental study 19 and a comparative study, 20 along with extensive clinical experience, suggests that an aluminum-magnesium hydroxide stearate ointment, combined with ingredients that facilitate wound healing (balsam of Peru, castor oil, and trypsin BCT) effectively manages IAD and partial-thickness pressure ulcers in patients with urinary or fecal incontinence. For patients with considerable skin erosion and significant discomfort, a skin paste comprising zinc oxide and an absorptive powder may be applied to the affected area 2 ; clinical experience suggests that this paste reduces exudate and soothes the burning often noted in extensive skin erosion. Cutaneous candidiasis should be treated with an antifungal cream or powder. A review 21 of available evidence supports use of multiple topical products containing an azole (eg, fluconazole) or an allylamine (eg, butenafine) in the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. Ideally, a product is selected that incorporates a skin protectant. Alternatively, an antifungal powder can be applied as a thin layer that is covered by a skin protectant or BCT ointment to maximize healing. Conclusion Incontinence-associated dermatitis is a prevalent complication of incontinence that compromises skin integrity, predisposes to cutaneous infection, and increases pressure ulcer risk when other risk factors are present. While wound care specialists often are involved with the most severe cases involving fullthickness pressure ulcers, continence care specialists will encounter many persons with IAD who do not have concomitant pressure ulcer risk factors. Therefore, continence care clinicians must be aware of this common complication of incontinence, including its pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. In addition, continence care clinicians should be aware of the close relationship between IAD and pressure ulcer risk and work closely with wound care clinicians to ensure that both conditions are prevented whenever possible and rapidly recognized and treated when they occur. To improve the evidence base upon which to build IAD protocols, additional research including randomized, controlled comparison studies regarding the assessment and management of IAD is warranted. - OWM Reference 1. Gray M, Bohacek L, Weir D, Zdanuk J. Moisture vs pressure: making sense out of perineal wounds. J WOCN. 2007;34(2): Gray, M, Bliss DZ, Doughty DB, Ermer-Seltun J, Kennedy-Evans KL, Palmer MH. Incontinence-associated dermatitis: a consensus. J WOCN. 2007;34(1): Gray M, Weir D. Prevention and treatment of moisture-associated skin damage (maceration) in the periwound skin. J WOCN. 2007;34(2): Junkin J, Selekof JL. Prevalence of incontinence and associated skin injury in the acute care patient. J WOCN. 2007;34(3): Bliss DZ, Savik K, Harms S, Fan Q, Wyman JF. Prevalence and correlates of perineal dermatitis in nursing home residents. Nurs Res. 2006;55(4): Houwing RH, Arends JW, Canninga-van Dijk MR, Koopman E, Haalboom JR. Is the distinction between superficial pressure ulcers and moisture lesions justifiable? A clinical-pathologic study. SKIN med. 2007;6(3): Aly R, Shirley C, Cunico B, Maibach HI. Effect of prolonged occlusion on the microbial flora, ph, carbon dioxide and transepidermal water loss on human skin. J Investigative Dermatol. 1978;71(6): Black J, Baharestani M, Cuddigan J, et al. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel s Updated Pressure Ulcer Staging System. Derm Nurs. 2007;19(4): Papanikolaou P, Lyne PA, Lycett EJ. Pressure ulcer risk assessment: application of logistic analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2003;44(2): Ersser SJ, Getliffe K, Voegeli D, Regan S. A critical review of the inter-relationship between skin vulnerability and urinary incontinence and related nursing intervention. Int J Nurs Studies. 2005;42(7): Bliss DZ, Zehrer C, Savik K, Smith G, Hedblom E. An economic evaluation of four skin damage prevention regimens in nursing home residents with incontinence. J WOCN. 2007;34(2): Thompson P, Langemo D, Anderson J, Hanson D, Hunter S. Skin care protocols for pressure ulcers and incontinence in long-term care: a quasi-experimental study. Adv Skin Wound Care. 2005;18(8): Bale S, Tebble N, Jones V, Price P. The benefits of implementing a new skin care protocol in nursing homes. J Tissue Viabil. 2004;14(2): December 2007 Vol. 53 Issue 12 31
5 14. Hunter S, Anderson J, Hanson D, Thompson P, Langemo D, Klug MG. Clinical trial of a prevention and treatment protocol for skin breakdown in two nursing homes. J WOCN. 2003;30(5): Clever K, Smith G, Browser C, Mujroe EA. Evaluating the efficacy of a uniquely delivered skin protectant and its effect on the formation of sacral/buttock pressure ulcers. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2002;48(12): Lewis-Byers K, Thayer D. An evaluation of two incontinence skin care protocols in a long-term care setting. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2002;48(12): Birch S, Coggins T. No-rinse, one-step bed bath: the effects on the occurrence of skin tears in a long-term care setting. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2003;49(1): Fader M, Clarke-O Neill S, Cook D, et al. Management of night-time urinary incontinence in residential settings for older people: an investigation into the effects of different pad changing regimes on skin health. J Clin Nurs. 2003;12(3): Gray M, Jones DP. The effect of different formulations of equivalent active ingredients on the performance of two topical wound treatment products. Ostomy Wound Manage. 2004;50(3): Narayanan S, Van Vleet J, Strunk B, Ross RN, Gray M. Pressure ulcer treatments in long-term care facilities. J WOCN. 2005;32(3): Evans EC, Gray M. What interventions are effective for the prevention and treatment of cutaneous candidiasis? J WOCN. 2003;30(1): OstomyWound Management
Discover the proven Link between clinical efficacy and cost containment 1,2. Skin Care Partnership
Discover the proven Link between clinical efficacy and cost containment 1,2 Skin Care Partnership Inconsistent skin care increases the risk of complications and cost inefficiencies 2,3 Inconsistent Skin
More informationSkin Care In Bladder And Bowel Dysfunction Wendy Ness Colorectal Nurse Specialist
Skin Care In Bladder And Bowel Dysfunction Wendy Ness Colorectal Nurse Specialist Function Of The Skin Healthy skin serves several purposes it protects the internal organs physically, chemically and biologically
More information976 Total number of patients surveyed
Incontinence Associated Dermatitis in the Person with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Mikel Gray, PhD, FNP, PNP, CUNP, CCCN, FAANP, FAAN Professor & Nurse Practitioner University of Virginia Department of Urology
More informationSkin Care Educational Pocket Guide
Skin Care Educational Pocket Guide Moisture-Associated Skin Damage Moisture-Associated Skin Damage is the injury to the skin by repeated or sustained exposure to moisture. Intertriginous dermatitis Incontinence-associated
More informationEvery Nurse is a Skin Care Nurse
Every Nurse is a Skin Care Nurse Contents Introduction 4 Anatomy of the Skin 4 Importance of the Epidermis 5 Authors: Laura Herbe BSN, RN, CWOCN Patti Haberer MA, BSN, RN, CWOCN Jayme Taylor Managing Risk
More information3M Cavilon Durable Barrier Cream. Clinical Evidence Summaries. Clinical. Evidence. Summaries
3M Cavilon Durable Barrier Cream TM Clinical Evidence Summaries Durable. Comfortable. Unique. It s the polymers... 3 Note: In Australia and New Zealand, Cavilon Durable Barrier Cream is approved for the
More informationIncontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) Risk factors for incontinenceassociated. an evidence-based review REVIEW
Risk factors for incontinenceassociated dermatitis: an evidence-based review KEY WORDS Dermatitis Incontinence Moisture Risk Wound Background: Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is skin breakdown
More informationPROTOCOL INCONTINENCE, URINARY/FECAL Effective Date: August 4, 2010
Number: PROT0106 Submitted by: WOC Issuing Department: PATIENT CARE SERVICES Approved By: (Signature on File) Reviewed by: Date: WOC Nursing Service 7/27/10 Med Surg CPT 8/10 Date: 08/2010 Supersedes:
More informationHow To Stage A Pressure Ulcer
WOCN Society Position Statement: Pressure Ulcer Staging Originated By: Wound Committee Date Completed: 1996 Reviewed/Revised: July 2006 Revised: August 2007 Reviewed/Revised: April 2011 Definition of Pressure
More informationPosition Statement: Pressure Ulcer Staging
Position Statement: Pressure Ulcer Staging Statement of Position The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses (WOCN) Society supports the use of the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Staging System (NPUAP).
More informationAddressing evidence gaps for best practice
BEST PRACTICE PRINCIPLES Incontinence-associated dermatitis: moving prevention forward Addressing evidence gaps for best practice Identifying causes and risk factors for IAD IAD and pressure ulceration
More informationPressure Ulcers Risk Management and Treatment
Pressure Ulcers Risk Management and Treatment Objectives State reasons why individuals initiate lawsuits. Define strategies to reduce the risk of litigation. Determine appropriate treatment for the patient.
More informationWHAT IS INCONTINENCE?
CNA Workbook WHAT IS INCONTINENCE? Incontinence is the inability to control the flow of urine or feces from your body. Approximately 26 million Americans are incontinent. Many people don t report it because
More informationThe development of pressure ulcers is a common
EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF A UNIQUELY DELIVERED SKIN PROTECTANT AND ITS EFFECT ON THE FORMATION OF SACRAL/BUTTOCK PRESSURE ULCERS Kimberly Clever, RN; Gloria Smith, RN; Carol Bowser, RN; and Kurt Monroe,
More information7/11/2011. Pressure Ulcers. Moisture-NOT Pressure. Wounds NOT Caused by Pressure
Assessment and Documentation of Pressure Ulcers Jeri Ann Lundgren, RN, BSN, PHN, CWS, CWCN Pathway Health Services July 19, 2011 Training Objectives Describe etiologies of pressure ulcers Discuss how to
More informationOASIS-C Integument Assessment: Not for Wimps! Part I: Pressure Ulcers
OASIS-C Integument Assessment: Not for Wimps! Part I: Pressure Ulcers Presented by: Rhonda Will, RN, BS, COS-C, HCS-D Assistant Director, OASIS Competency Institute 243 King Street, Suite 246 Northampton,
More informationThe Effect of Washing and Drying Practices on Skin Barrier Function
1947-13_WJ351-Voegeli.qxd 1/3/8 4:42 PM Page 84 J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 28;35(1):84-9. Published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins WOUND CARE The Effect of Washing and Drying Practices on Skin Barrier
More informationPressure Ulcers: Facility Assessment Checklists
Pressure Ulcers: Facility Assessment Checklists This is a series of self-assessment checklists for nursing home staff to use to assess processes related to managing pressure ulcers in the facility, in
More informationPreventing Diaper Rashes
Preventing Diaper Rashes This pamphlet is meant to help you learn what you can do to help prevent diaper rash. Your child is receiving medication (antibiotics, diuretics, chemotherapy) that may make your
More informationWound and Skin Assessment. Mary Carvalho RN, BSN, MBA Clinical Coordinator Johnson Creek Wound and Edema Center
Wound and Skin Assessment Mary Carvalho RN, BSN, MBA Clinical Coordinator Johnson Creek Wound and Edema Center Skin The largest Organ Weighs between 6 and 8 pounds Covers over 20 square feet Thickness
More informationCutimed PROTECT Medical skin protection. Protect Preserve Prevent
PROTECT Medical skin protection Protect Preserve Prevent PROTECT Ordering information PROTECT is available in foam applicators and spray bottle PROTECT REF No. Size Unit of Measure HCPCS Spray 7265300
More informationWOUND MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS WOUND CLEANSING: REMOVING WOUND DEBRIS FROM WOUND BASE
WOUND MANAGEMENT PROTOCOLS PURPOSE: Provide nursing personnel with simple guidance regarding appropriate dressing selection in the absence of wound specialist expertise Identify appropriate interventions
More informationQuality standard Published: 11 June 2015 nice.org.uk/guidance/qs89
Pressure ulcers Quality standard Published: 11 June 2015 nice.org.uk/guidance/qs89 NICE 2015. All rights reserved. Contents Introduction... 6 Why this quality standard is needed... 6 How this quality standard
More informationWOUND OSTOMY CONTINENCE NURSES SOCIETY GUIDANCE ON OASIS-C INTEGUMENTARY ITEMS
Wound Ostomy Continence Nurses Society Guidance on OASIS-C Integumentary Items WOCN OASIS Taskforce Members: Ben Peirce (Chairperson), RN, BA, CWOCN, COS-C Dianne Mackey, BSN, RN, PHN, CWOCN Laurie McNichol,
More information3M Medical. 3M Cavilon No Sting Barrier Film. Evidence-based, Versatile. Skin Damage Prevention
Medical Cavilon No Sting Barrier Film Evidence-based, Versatile Skin Damage Prevention Cavilon No Sting Barrier Film Unique Polymer Advantages is a worldwide leader in the science of polymer technology
More informationBy Ronald Shannon, Health Economist 1 Kevin Fisher, Director of Nursing 2. Global Health Economic Projects, LLC
A Nursing and Rehabilitation Center in New Jersey: Expected Value of Medline Remedy Skincare Products and Restore Briefs in an At-Risk Resident Population for Pressure Ulcer and Incontinence-Associated
More informationTHERAPEUTIC USE OF HEAT AND COLD
THERAPEUTIC USE OF HEAT AND COLD INTRODUCTION Heat and cold are simple and very effective therapeutic tools. They can be used locally or over the whole body, and the proper application of heat and cold
More informationPressure Ulcers Assessing and Staging. Anne Pirzadeh RN CWOCN University of Colorado Hospital June 2010
Pressure Ulcers Assessing and Staging Anne Pirzadeh RN CWOCN University of Colorado Hospital June 2010 Never Events: Pressure Ulcers Pressure Ulcer Codes: MD documentation of pressure ulcers determines
More informationWound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society s Guidance on OASIS-C1 Integumentary Items: Best Practice for Clinicians
Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society s Guidance on OASIS-C1 Integumentary Items: Best Practice for Clinicians Acknowledgments Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society s Guidance on OASIS-C1 Integumentary
More informationWound Care: The Basics
Wound Care: The Basics Suzann Williams-Rosenthal, RN, MSN, WOC, GNP Norma Branham, RN, MSN, WOC, GNP University of Virginia May, 2010 What Type of Wound is it? How long has it been there? Acute-generally
More informationPRESSURE ULCER GUIDELINES FOR TOPICAL TREATMENT
PRESSURE ULCER GUIDELINES FOR TOPICAL TREATMENT The following are suggested guidelines for treatment of pressure ulcers using products from Swiss-American Products, Inc. and are intended to supplement
More informationSilicone pressure-reducing pads for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers
S46 Product focus Silicone pressure-reducing pads for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers Abstract Pressure ulcers, a key quality of care indicator, cause emotional distress to the patient,
More informationA Pocket Guide. Application and Cutting Guide
A Pocket Guide Application and Cutting Guide Developed by Pia Carlsen, RN, Denmark Jacqui Fletcher, Principal Lecturer, MSc BSc (Hons) PG Dip (ED) RN ILT, UK Maria Mousley, AHP, Consultant Podiatrist,
More informationPressure Injury Prevention and Management Policy
Pressure Injury Prevention and Management Policy Owner (initiating the document): Dr Amanda Ling Contact name and number: Rachel Dennis (Ph: 9222 2197) Version: 1.5 Approved by: Professor Bryant Stokes,
More informationBowel Control Problems
Bowel Control Problems WOMENCARE A Healthy Woman is a Powerful Woman (407) 898-1500 Bowel control problems affect at least 1 million people in the United States. Loss of normal control of the bowels is
More informationPressure Ulcers in the ICU Incidence, Risk Factors & Prevention
Congress of the Critical Care Society of South Africa Sun City, 10-12 July 2015 Pressure Ulcers in the ICU Incidence, Risk Factors & Prevention Stijn BLOT Dept. of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine
More informationIntroduction to Wound Management
EWMA Educational Development Programme Curriculum Development Project Education Module: Introduction to Wound Management Latest revision: October 2012 ABOUT THE EWMA EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME The
More informationIndividualized Care Plans Fully Developed
Appendix Individualized Care Plans Fully Developed A Refer to Chapter 1 The Nursing Process: A Synopsis, p. 32: Two Individualized Care Plans Fully Developed; Care Plan 1 for Mr. John Walters, Care Plan
More information5 Pressure Ulcer Classification
5 Pressure Ulcer Classification Carol Dealey and Christina Lindholm Introduction Pressure ulcer classification is a method of determining the severity of a pressure ulcer. A classification system describes
More informationPressure Ulcer Passport
Pressure Ulcer Passport Information for patients This is a record of the treatment you are receiving for your pressure ulcer injury. Please bring it with you to all your healthcare appointments. This will
More informationAPPLICATION OF DRY DRESSING
G-100 APPLICATION OF DRY DRESSING PURPOSE To aid in the management of a wound with minimal drainage. To protect the wound from injury, prevent introduction of bacteria, reduce discomfort, and assist with
More informationPressure Ulcers in Neonatal Patients. Rene Amaya, MD Pediatric Specialists of Houston Infectious Disease/Wound Care
Pressure Ulcers in Neonatal Patients Rene Amaya, MD Pediatric Specialists of Houston Infectious Disease/Wound Care Objectives Review skin anatomy and understand why neonatal skin is at increased risk for
More informationIdentifying Hard to Detect Pressure Ulcers in Individuals
Identifying Hard to Detect Pressure Ulcers in Individuals with Dark Skin Tones Sheila Carter, MSN, RN FNP BC, CWON, CFCN Pam Damron, MSN, RN, CWON Patricia Moore, RN, ASN, CWCN Jennifer Vandiver, RN, BSN,
More informationHow To Care For A Stoma
People who have a stoma often share many of the same questions and concerns. This best practice document provides answers to some of the common questions that people ask about the day to day care of the
More informationOCCUPATIONAL SKIN DISEASES IN NURSES
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 2003; 16(3): 241 247 OCCUPATIONAL SKIN DISEASES IN NURSES RUTA TELKSNIENE 1 and VIDMANTAS JANUSKEVICIUS 2 1 Department of Environmental
More informationFecal Incontinence and Hospital Budget Impact Analysis
A Budget Impact Analysis Comparing Use of a Modern Fecal Management System to Traditional Fecal Management Methods in Two Canadian Hospitals Mike Langill, BScN, BSc (kin), RN; Songkai Yan, MS; Dheerendra
More informationTAKING CARE OF WOUNDS KEY FIGURE:
Chapter 9 TAKING CARE OF WOUNDS KEY FIGURE: Gauze Wound care represents a major area of concern for the rural health provider. This chapter discusses the treatment of open wounds, with emphasis on dressing
More informationC-Difficile Infection Control and Prevention Strategies
C-Difficile Infection Control and Prevention Strategies Adrienne Mims, MD MPH VP, Chief Medical Officer Adrienne.Mims@AlliantQuality.org 1/18/2016 1 Disclosure This educational activity does not have commercial
More informationIdentification and Prevention Pressure Ulcers in the ED
Identification and Prevention Pressure Ulcers in the ED Evidence Based Practice Project UC Davis Medical Center s Nurse Residency Program Janine Taylor R.N., B.S.N. Peg Freitag R.N., B.S.N. Hospital Acquired
More informationUse of a Soft Silicone Bordered Sacrum Dressing to Reduce Pressure Ulcer Formation in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Use of a Soft Silicone Bordered Sacrum Dressing to Reduce Pressure Ulcer Formation in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Peggy Kalowes RN, PhD, CNS, FAHA Principal Investigator Director,
More informationWound Care Institute MARCH 16-17, 2012. Chateau on the Lake Resort and Spa. Evidence-Based Guidelines in Nursing Practice. At the breathtaking
Wound Care Institute Evidence-Based Guidelines in Nursing Practice MARCH 16-17, 2012 Preconference Sessions A Touch of Sugar: Diabetes Update Barb Bancroft RN, MSN, PNP Caring for the Client with an Ostomy
More informationWound Healing. Healing is a matter of time, but it is sometimes also a matter of opportunity. Hippocrates
C HAPTER 9 Wound Healing Healing is a matter of time, but it is sometimes also a matter of opportunity. Hippocrates As the above quote suggests, conduct regular and systematic wound assessments, and seize
More informationUse of a Pressure Ulcer Protocol: Benefits and Recommendations
Use of a Pressure Ulcer Protocol: Benefits and Recommendations Elizabeth L. Enriquez RN,BSN,MPH,CWOCN Wound Care Specialist/Infection Control Morningiside House 1000 Pellham Parkway, Bronx, NY 10461 Wound
More informationTHERAPY FOR THE SKIN Non-allergenic and Non-sensitizing
THERAPY FOR THE SKIN Non-allergenic and Non-sensitizing FOR CLINICAL INFORMATION ABOUT OUR PRODUCTS, CALL 877.611.0081. TO ORDER, VISIT MMS.MCKESSON.COM OR CALL YOUR MCKESSON MEDICAL-SURGICAL ACCOUNT MANAGER.
More informationPressure Ulcers Among Nursing Home Residents: United States, 2004
Pressure Ulcers Among Nursing Home Residents: United States, 2004 Eunice Park-Lee, Ph.D., and Christine Caffrey, Ph.D., Division of Health Care Statistics Key findings Data from the National Nursing Home
More informationObjectives- Participants will:
Pressure Ulcer Staging Elizabeth A. Ayello PhD, RN, ACNS-BC, CWON, ETN, MAPWCA, FAAN Clinical Editor, Advances in Skin and Wound Care Faculty, Excelsior College School of Nursing Co-Director and Course
More informationHow To Prevent Pressure Ulcer
Pressure ulcers prevention and treatment A Coloplast quick guide Table of Contents Pressure ulcers prevention and treatment... 3 What is a pressure ulcer?... 4 How do pressure ulcers occur?... 5 Who develops
More informationYour Move to address patient demands
Your Move to address patient demands Recognizing the increasing demand for skilled wound care in all care settings, including the military, the WOCN Society has developed an educational program designed
More informationWound Healing Community Outreach Service
Wound Healing Community Outreach Service Wound Management Education Plan January 2012 December 2012 Author: Michelle Gibb Nurse Practitioner Wound Management Wound Healing Community Outreach Service Institute
More informationThe true cost of wounds. And how to reduce it
The true cost of wounds And how to reduce it Wounds are a growing challenge Wounds have been called the silent epidemic. In a typical hospital setting today, between 25% and 40% of beds will be occupied
More information1g cream or ointment contains 1 mg methylprednisolone aceponate.
CONSUMER MEDICINE INFORMATION ADVANTAN 1g cream or ointment contains 1 mg methylprednisolone aceponate. What is in this leaflet Please read this leaflet carefully before you start using ADVANTAN. It will
More informationUse of Packing for Surgical Wounds. Maggie Benson Clinical Problem Solving II
Use of Packing for Surgical Wounds Maggie Benson Clinical Problem Solving II Purpose Present patient management s/p Incision and Drainage in an outpatient setting Examine evidence for the use of wound
More informationWound Classification Name That Wound Sheridan, WY June 8 th 2013
Initial Wound Care Consult Sheridan, WY June 8 th, 2013 History Physical Examination Detailed examination of the wound Photographs Cultures Procedures TCOM ABI Debridement Management Decisions A Detailed
More informationMrs. D., a 72-year-old female, was admitted for
Carol Rees Parrish, R.D., M.S., Series Editor When What Comes Out Is Way More Than What Goes In: Perineal Skin Care Marilu Dixon Painful diarrhea-associated perineal tissue injury affects many patients
More informationTHE DEVELOPMENT OF A CARE BUNDLE FOR THE CRITICALLY ILL
PRESSURE ULCER PROPHYLAXIS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CARE BUNDLE FOR THE CRITICALLY ILL Barb Duncan RN, BScN Heather Harrington RN, BScN, CNCC(c) Louanne Rich vanderbij, RN, BScN, MSc., WOCN CWCN Barb Duncan
More informationPressure Injury Prevention and Management
Policy Professional Leadership, Education and Research Branch ACT Health Pressure Injury Prevention and Management Policy Statement This policy provides for a comprehensive, coordinated and systematic
More informationTopical Tacrolimus or Pimecrolimus for the treatment of mild, moderate or severe atopic eczema. Effective Shared Care Agreement
Topical Tacrolimus or Pimecrolimus for the treatment of mild, moderate or severe atopic eczema. Effective Shared Care Agreement A Copy of this page signed by all three parties should be retained in the
More informationHand Dermatitis in Health Care Workers
Hand in Health Care Workers Safety and Health Assessment and Research for Prevention (SHARP) Program Washington Department of Labor and Industries PO Box 44330 Olympia, WA 98504-4330 1-888-66-SHARP www.lni.wa.gov/sharp/derm
More informationMicroSilver BG TM. The innovative agent for beautiful, healthy skin.
The innovative agent for beautiful, healthy skin. Inhalt Why MicroSilver BG TM? 3 What is MicroSilver BG TM? 3 How does MicroSilver BG TM work? 3 Products and usage 4 MicroSilver BG TM still used today
More informationInflammation and Healing. Review of Normal Defenses. Review of Normal Capillary Exchange. BIO 375 Pathophysiology
Inflammation and Healing BIO 375 Pathophysiology Review of Normal Defenses Review of Normal Capillary Exchange 1 Inflammation Inflammation is a biochemical and cellular process that occurs in vascularized
More informationRadiation Therapy and Caring for Your Skin
Patient Information Radiation Therapy and Caring for Your Skin Comments, Feedback? Contact Patient and Professional Education 519-685-8742 Email: lrcpeducation@lhsc.on.ca Reviewed by the LRCP Patient Education
More informationNursing Process. What Is Nursing Diagnosis (Dx)? Step 2: Nursing Diagnosis Step 3: Outcome Identification. Nursing Diagnosis.
Nurse Caring Concepts 1A Nursing Process Step 2: Nursing Diagnosis Step 3: Outcome Identification Week 6 September 22, 2003 What Is Nursing Diagnosis (Dx)? Has two related meanings: Nursing diagnosis is
More informationBowel and Bladder Dysfunction in MS. Tracy Walker, WOCN, MSCN, FNP C Nurse Practitioner MS Institute at Shepherd Center. Bladder Dysfunction
Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction in MS Tracy Walker, WOCN, MSCN, FNP C Nurse Practitioner MS Institute at Shepherd Center Bladder Dysfunction Approximately 75% of people with MS experience bladder problems
More informationIllinois Department of Public Health STATEMENT OF DEFICIENCIES AND PLAN OF CORRECTION. Statement of LICENSURE Violations
(X1) PROVER/SUPPLIER/CLIA ENTIFICATION NUMBER: (X3) SURVEY D NAME OF PROVER OR SUPPLIER (X4) SUMMARY REGULATORY OR LSC ENTIFYING INFORMATION) PROVER'S PLAN OF CORRECTION Final Observations Statement of
More informationRemoval of Haemorrhoids (Haemorrhoidectomy) Information for patients
Removal of Haemorrhoids (Haemorrhoidectomy) Information for patients What are Haemorrhoids? Haemorrhoids (piles) are enlarged blood vessels around the anus (back passage). There are two types of haemorrhoids:
More informationWound Care on the Field. Objectives
Wound Care on the Field Brittany Witte, PT, DPT Cook Children s Medical Center Objectives Name 3 different types of wounds commonly seen in sports and how to emergently provide care for them. Name all
More informationBeverlin Allen, PhD, RN, MSN, ARNP
Pressure Ulcers & Nutritional Deficits in Elderly Long-Term Care Patients: Effects of a Comprehensive Nutritional Protocol on Pressure Ulcer Healing, Length of Hospital Stay & Health Care Charges Beverlin
More informationb. Povidone Iodine 5% Swabsticks, Single Pack (4 packs) c. Clean gloves
Program Agenda SUBJECT: Universal Decolonization Protocols for Pre-operative Orthopedic Patients EFFECTIVE DATE: 5/2014 REVISED DATE: I. Policy: The largest fraction of hospital acquired infections (HAIs),
More information3M Steri-Strip S Surgical Skin Closure. Commonly Asked Questions
3M Steri-Strip S Surgical Skin Closure Commonly Asked Questions What are the indications for use of 3M Steri-Strip S Surgical Skin Closure? Steri-Strip S Surgical Skin Closures are indicated as a primary
More informationes of Urinary Incontinence:
Reversible Cause Urinary incontinence is a loss of control over the passing of urine. Urine loss can occur in very small amounts (enough only to dampen underwear) to very large amounts (requiring a change
More informationCritically evaluate the organization of diabetic foot ulcer services and interdisciplinary team working
Rationale of Module Accurate nursing assessment is the key to effective diabetic foot ulcer prevention, treatment and management. A comprehensive assessment identifies ulcer aetiology and the factors which
More information7/30/2012. Increased incidence of chronic diseases due
Dianne Rudolph, DNP, GNP bc, CWOCN Discuss management of wound care in older adults with focus on lower extremity ulcers Identify key aspects of prevention Explain basic principles of wound management
More informationNursing college, Second stage Microbiology Dr.Nada Khazal K. Hendi L14: Hospital acquired infection, nosocomial infection
L14: Hospital acquired infection, nosocomial infection Definition A hospital acquired infection, also called a nosocomial infection, is an infection that first appears between 48 hours and four days after
More informationBenefit Criteria to Change for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for the CSHCN Services Program Effective November 1, 2012
Benefit Criteria to Change for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for the CSHCN Services Program Effective November 1, 2012 Information posted September 14, 2012 Effective for dates of service on or after November
More informationPATIENT TEACHING GUIDE: Wound Care Handbook
PATIENT TEACHING GUIDE: Wound Care Handbook PATIENT TEACHING GUIDE: WOUND CARE Design by Mariscal Design, Illustrations by Lysa Hawke. The Wound Care Self Care Guide was written and prepared by: Barbara
More informationFUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN Skin is the largest organ of the body. The average adult has 18 square feet of skin which account for 16% of the total body weight. Skin acts as a physical barrier for you to the
More informationNPUAP PRESSURE ULCER ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS (RCA) TEMPLATE
Purpose: The development of a facility acquired pressure ulcer brings with it both a financial impact to an institution and a performance or quality of care impact that may be reportable to state or government
More informationEye Injuries. The Eyes The eyes are sophisticated organs. They collect light and focus it on the back of the eye, allowing us to see.
Eye Injuries Introduction The design of your face helps protect your eyes from injury. But injuries can still damage your eyes. Sometimes injuries are severe enough that you could lose your vision. Most
More informationUNBLEMISH. Regimen for Acne, Blemishes and Breakouts
UNBLEMISH Regimen for Acne, Blemishes and Breakouts Take control of blemishes and stop them from controlling you. With triggers such as genetics, stress and hormones, acne is the most frequently diagnosed
More informationPrevention and Recognition of Obstetric Fistula Training Package. Module 8: Pre-repair Care and Referral for Women with Obstetric Fistula
Prevention and Recognition of Obstetric Fistula Training Package Module 8: Pre-repair Care and Referral for Women with Obstetric Fistula Early detection and treatment If a woman has recently survived a
More informationHow Does the UNBLEMISH Regimen Work?
How Does the UNBLEMISH Regimen Work? Based on Multi-Med Therapy, UNBLEMISH is a complete skincare system that combines cosmetic and OTC ingredients that penetrate pores to eliminate acne blemishes before
More informationUnderstand nurse aide skills needed to promote skin integrity.
Unit B Resident Care Skills Essential Standard NA5.00 Understand nurse aide s role in providing residents hygiene, grooming, and skin care. Indicator Understand nurse aide skills needed to promote skin
More informationManagement of Burns. The burns patient has the same priorities as all other trauma patients.
Management of Burns The burns patient has the same priorities as all other trauma patients. Assess: - Airway - Breathing: beware of inhalation and rapid airway compromise - Circulation: fluid replacement
More informationInformed Consent For Laser Hair Removal
Informed Consent For Laser Hair Removal INSTRUCTIONS This informed-consent document has been prepared to help inform you about laser procedures, its risks, as well as alternative treatment(s). It is important
More informationFrequently Asked Questions: REDEFINE ACUTE CARE Skincare for Expression Lines
Frequently Asked Questions: REDEFINE ACUTE CARE Skincare for Expression Lines 1. How does REDEFINE ACUTE CARE work? REDEFINE ACUTE CARE quickly and comfortably smoothes targeted lines and wrinkles using
More informationChapter 11. Everting skin edges
Chapter 11 PRIMARY WOUND CLOSURE KEY FIGURE: Everting skin edges In primary wound closure, the skin edges of the wound are sutured together to close the defect. Whenever possible and practical, primary
More informationWhen a WOC nurse is part of your health team, you can expect more effective care and better outcomes.
What is a Wound, Ostomy, Continence (WOC) Nurse? They are specialists. WOC nurses are lifesavers for patients with wounds, ostomy and continence conditions. Why? Their advanced education equips these nurses
More informationWorking together to prevent pressure ulcers (prevention and pressure-relieving devices)
Working together to prevent pressure ulcers (prevention and pressure-relieving devices) Understanding NICE guidance information for people at risk of pressure ulcers, their carers, and the public Draft
More informationDisclaimer. Lynn Peterson RN, CWOCN is an employee of 3M Critical & Chronic Care Solutions Division
OHCA Annual Convention & Trade Show September 23, 2014 Lynn Peterson RN, BSN, CWOCN 3M Health Care Disclaimer Lynn Peterson RN, CWOCN is an employee of 3M Critical & Chronic Care Solutions Division Objectives
More information