The potential contribution to HYMEX of the Volunteer Observing Ships (VOS)

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Aleesha Logan
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1 The potential contribution to HYMEX of the Volunteer Observing Ships (VOS) Isabelle TAUPIER-LETAGE (and many other hidden contributors!)

2 THE MEDITERRANEAN CONTEXT

3 Surface circulation in the Eurafrican Mediterranean 200 m from Millot and Taupier-Letage, 2005 Circuits le long de la pente sens anti-horaire Localement perturbés par des phénomènes de moyenne échelle

4 SST Jan Isabelle TAUPIER-LETAGE

5 Surface chlorophyll concentration Monthly composites From JRC Ispra/IES

6 VOS (Ships of Opportunity) platform Basin scale Synopticity (~24h to cross the basin) Regular lines (surveys) High frequency All year long Even during rough/bad weather

7 VOS (Ships of Opportunity) platform => Easy transmission of data in (near) real time => Highly cost efficient time series From SOP -> EOP -> LOP

8 1. Sensors/instruments installed on the ship At the surface : ~3-5m: oceanographic parameters :T, S (thermosalinometer)

9 TRANSMED Mediterranean pilot Routes: phase Marseilles-Algiers(1-2/week) Marseilles-Tunis (~4/month) SST SPAIN FRANCE Ma Ship: Le Méditerranée (!) Al ALGERIA FRANCE Ma T U N I S I A Tu CHL SPAIN Al ALGERIA T U N I S I A Tu

10 Temperature anomalies during summer 2006 Gulf of Lions Mean T in JUL06: +5 C anomaly Mean T in AUG06: >-2 C anomaly Heat content in upper 20m in the Gulf of Lions from June to November

11 Reservoir of heat around Balearic Islands: potential warning for flash-flood Add XBTs? episode of rain SEPTEMBER 2006 M M M M M A 4 5 A 4 5 A 4 5 A 4 5 A 4 5 MRS ALG

episode of rain SEPTEMBER 2006 M M M M M 42 42 42 42

12 1. Sensors/instruments installed on the ship At the surface (~3m): oceanographic parameters :T, S (thermosalinometer) (Chl., nutrients, CO2 ) In the air (on the upper deck, on a mast, up to ~20m high): atmospheric parameters (met. station, radiometers, radars (?) ) (aérosols, irradiance )

, nutrients, CO2 ) In the air (on the upper deck, on a mast, up to ~20m

13 1. Sensors/instruments installed on the ship At the surface (~3m): oceanographic parameters :T, S (thermosalinometer) (Chl., nutrients, CO2 ) In the air (on the upper deck, on a mast, up to ~20m high): atmospheric parameters (met. station, radiometers, radars (?) ) (aérosols, irradiance ) NB: Need for development of sensors? (precipitation? Evaporation?...)

, nutrients, CO2 ) In the air (on the upper deck, on a mast, up to ~20m high):

14 2. Instruments deployed from the ship XBTs : expendable temperature probes => temperature sections (cf MFS)

15 Vanessa CARDIN

16 2. Instruments deployed from the ship XBTs (temperature sections) Lagrangian drifters (surface current) SST + Atm. Press. sensor?

17 Drifter deployment EGYPT-0 Jan (EGYPT- EGITTO)

19 2. Instruments deployed from the ship XBTs (temperature sections) Lagrangian drifters (surface current) Profilers (ARGO/ APEX floats) Record T, S during drift and profiles (Specific packing for deployments by VOS)

20 ARGO cycle specific for the Mediterranean ~350m 5 days 750m/5 days ~2000m /50 days Recommendation to design a low-cost ARGO for «bathymetrically-difficult» areas?

22 2. Instruments deployed from the ship XBTs (temperature sections) Lagrangian drifters (surface current) Profilers (ARGO/ APEX floats) Other instruments (meteo?)

23 (sub-)conclusion Please indicate any requirement /wish / idea during the LOP, EOP and/or SOP PS sessions (implementation plan: human power, technical developments, funding )

24 The contribution of the CIESM programs to HYMEX Hydro-Changes Jean-Luc FUDA, Gilles ROUGIER, Patrick RAIMBAULT (COM, OSU, Marseille) MedGloss Dov ROSEN ( ) (TRANSMED: I. TAUPIER- LETAGE )

25 TRANSMED POTENTIAL NETWORK Primary lines: TS+F+ Secondary lines: TS only DWF zone CIESM DT Use some of the MFS XBT lines

26 Elaborating a realistic monitoring strategy to describe long-term hydrological changes in the Mediterranean Sea

27 Typical mooring Pumped SBE37 CTD Accuracy: Stability/month: Resolution: C & S/m C & S/m C & S/m

28 Few results: Importance of the hydrological variability at ~3000m (~- 0.1 C during ~10 days) EMT signature and evolution in the Channel of Sicily and at Gibraltar Salinification of the AW entering at Gibraltar More to come

29 MedGLOSS Sea Level Network in the Mediterranean & Black Sea Dov S. ROSEN National Institute of Oceanography Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research Tel Shikmona, Haifa, Israel,

31 On MedGLOSS Established in 1997 jointly by CIESM & IOC/UNESCO. Since May 2000, focal center established at IOLR in Haifa. Major Objectives of MedGLOSS are: To detect regional long-term relative and absolute sea-level changes trends and acceleration rates, To determine plate tectonic movements in the domain affecting them by the creation of a densified regional long-term sea-level monitoring network in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. To provide NRT sea level data for operational oceanography. Upgrade to delivery of true real-time sea level data for tsunami and other sea level hazards early detection and alert in the Mediterranean and Black sea (new, Jan. 2005).

32 All MedGLOSS stations have to measure and provide data according to the international standards defined for GLOSS stations. RT data stations will measure and provide data according to new standards. Minimum old data requirements were hourly averaged sea- level and atmospheric pressure values. All NRT stations should have their reference bench marks monitored by GPS, preferably by Continuous GPS stations. NRT stations are usually with low latency sea level data gathering capacity and are capable to shift to true Real-Time (RT) mode using new software and transmission equipment. MedGLOSS web site has NRT data, statistical tools and download capabilities (

33 Following approval of CIESM and IOC, MedGLOSS has been cooperating with the European Sea Level Service (ESEAS) in sea-level related research and operational activities since 2001, and a agrees to continue this also in future. MedGLOSS coordinator serves as ex-officio member of the ESEAS Governing Board. Software tools for sea level data gathering, transmission, preliminary QA and dissemination via the Internet were developed and are free available to MedGLOSS and the sea- level community from MedGLOSS web site. A NRT data QC and true RT capacity and dissemination via Internet was developed by MedGLOSS focal center

34 MedGLOSS focal center developed various data gathering, quality control and data transmission software provided free to the sea level community as well as a software interface (TIDE TASKS for WINDOWS) for easy Windows based tide analysis and forecasting using the DOS based TASK 2000 tide analysis software developed at POL/NERC in UK. North African countries bordering the Mediterranean have been invited to participate in MedGLOSS. African sea level trainees of ODIN-AFRICA were provided with the joint software package for tidal analysis and forecasting and were given training in the operation of the software at the IODE training center in Ostende, Belgium.

35 MedGLOSS has been invited by the IOC established Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System in the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean & Connected Seas (ICG/NEAMTWS) to cooperate, by upgrading its sea level monitoring stations capable of low latency sea level measurement to measure and send real time data for early detection and warning of tsunami and other sea level related hazards. MedGLOSS sea level stations capable of providing RT sea level data (15-1 data every 1 ) 1 ) have been included in the new TWS of the ICG/NEAMTWS. However, in spite of their sensors capabilities, RT data transmission is yet not feasible due to lack of DOS support for FTP transmission and due to lack of funds to cover transmission costs.

36 Other activities of MedGLOSS include: Improvement of the web site server security, data backup and capacity of the web site( Provision of technical and software information and/or assistance to MedGLOSS NRT sea level stations in Split, Malta, Cyprus, Constantza and Kacively and also to potential candidates for upgrading sea level stations in Tunisia, Egypt, Turkey, Greece (e.g. Univ. of Istanbul, Univ. of Crete, NIOF, Nat. Observatory of Athens, etc.). MedGLOSS focal center present activities are also devoted to developing WINDOWS based real-time clock control data acquisition software for real-time data transmission by ftp/internet via cellular modems as well as software for quick detection of various sea level based hazards, with the aid of CIESM and national funding support.

37 Southern countries New sea level stations have been installed on the North African coast in Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco, but so far most of them do not transmit their data abroad at all, although there are verbal promisses for the near future. Additional stations have been/will be installed on the other coasts of the Mediterranean (Israel, Turkey, Malta, Romania, Georgia).

38 Conclusion VOS : easy and cost-efficient way to acquire data /time series A good way to include southern countries Potentially adressthe decadal scale (and longer)

Université de la Médite TRANSMED: low cost thermosalinometers in the Mediterranean

Université de la Médite TRANSMED: low cost thermosalinometers in the Mediterranean www.ciesm.org TRANSMED: a (future) network of low cost thermosalinometers in the Mediterranean I. TAUPIER LETAGE, G. ROUGIER, A. MONTIES and T. FABIANI CNRS/UNIVERSITÉ DE LA MÉDITERRANÉE ANTENNEDETOULON