Fuel Cells Research in Canada and in Other Leading Countries. A Bibliometric Study

Transcription

1 Fuel Cells Research in Canada and in Other Leading Countries A Bibliometric Study

2 Fuel Cells Research in Canada and in Other Leading Countries Prepared for: National Research Council of Canada (NRC) Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) By Éric Archambault and Grégoire Côté Contact information: Eric Archambault, D.Phil. Phone: ext

3 Fuel Cells Research in Canada and in Other Leading Countries PART I: ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION

4 0.40% FC Research Very intense growth starting in 2000 and pausing (momentarily?) after 2005 Fuel Cell Papers as a Percentage of World Scientific Publications, % Proportion of Total Scientific Output 0.30% 0.25% 0.20% 0.15% 0.10% 519 fuel cell papers 3833 fuel cell papers 0.05% 0.00% Year Source: Calculated by Science-Metrix using the Scopus Database

5 Canada is a leader in FC research overtaking larger G7 countries such as the UK and France Scientific Performance of Leading Countries in Fuel Cell Research, Country Papers Papers/Pop* SI Growth RSI ARC Top 5% United States 6, % % Japan 2, % % China 2, % % Germany 1, % % Republic of Korea 1, % % Canada 1, % % United Kingdom % % Italy % % France % % Taiwan % % India % % Spain % % World 23, % % Source: Calculated by Science-Metrix using the Scopus database * Papers per year per million inhabitants (weighted average) SI = Specialization Index; Growth = Annual Growth Rate (Geometric Growth) ; RSI = Relative Strength Index; ARC = Average of Relative Citations; Top 5% = Percentage of papers in the top 5% most cited

6 Other than Canada, Asia, the US and Germany are leading the field of FC research

7 Relative to population size, Canada, Taiwan and Korea are the countries with the greatest scientific output

8 Canada follows leading Asian countries in terms of its research intensity (specialization) in FC science

9 Canada is first for scientific impact of FC research

10 Canada ranks first for papers on FC per inhabitants, first in scientific impact (ARC), and first overall among leading countries Multicriteria Ranking of Scientific Research on Fuel Cells, Rank Papers Papers/Pop* SI ARC Multicriteria 1 United States Canada Republic of Korea Canada Canada 2 Japan Taiwan Japan United States United States 3 China Republic of Korea Taiwan United Kingdom Republic of Korea 4 Germany United States China Italy Japan 5 Republic of Korea Japan Canada France Germany 6 Canada Germany Germany Germany China 7 United Kingdom Italy United States Republic of Korea Italy (7) 8 Italy United Kingdom Italy China Taiwan (7) 9 France Spain India India United Kingdom 10 Taiwan France Spain Spain France 11 India China France Japan India (11) 12 Spain India United Kingdom Taiwan Spain (11) Source: Calculated by Science-Metrix using the Scopus database

11 Canada is the only country specializing in FC research that has a scientific impact above the world average

12 At the world level, most of the papers that specify a fuel cell type mention SO or PEM fuel cells

13 Although SOFC and PEMFC are growing in larger numbers, biological fuel cells (BFC) are growing more steadily

14 The UK, Canada and Germany have the most advantageous position in SOFCs whereas Canada and the US are the leaders in PEMFCs

15 NRC is in the top 10 for scientific output at the world level among governmental organizations and NGOs involved in FC research Number of Fuel Cell Papers and Citedness by Leading Governmental and Non Governmental Organizations at the World Level, Institution Total Papers PEMFC SOFC ARC DOE US Department of Energy 1, Chinese Academy of Sciences AIST Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH CNRS Centre national de la recherche scientifique* KIST Korea Institute of Science and Technology CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche NRC Canada National Research Council CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Max Planck Society KIER Korea Institute of Energy Research US Navy Russian Academy of Sciences KAIST Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology NASA CEA Commissariat à l'énergie atomique DLR Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt e.v Fraunhofer Gesellschaft US Army ENEA Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l'energia e l'ambiente JST Japan Science and Technology Agency Central Electrochemical Research Institute ECN Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland JFCC Japan Fine Ceramics Center KEPRI Korea Electric Power Research Institute World (All Institution Types) 23,675 5,229 5, Source: Calculated by Science-Metrix using the Scopus database * These scores are not comparable to others as the CNRS is both a researcha nd a funding organization (i.e. comprises research performed in universities)

16 Penn State is the leading university at the world level involved in FC research for both output quantity and scientific impact Number of Fuel Cell Papers and Citedness by Leading Universities at the World Level, Institution Total Papers PEMFC SOFC ARC Penn State ETH Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule University of Connecticut Tsinghua University Imperial College London Georgia Tech Shanghai Jiao Tong University KTH Kungliga Tekniska högskolan Tokyo Institute of Technology DTU Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Harbin Institute of Technology VirginiaTech Nanyang Technological University Seoul National University University of South Carolina Case Western Reserve University Kyoto University Kyushu University University of Tokyo Tohoku University Newcastle University University of Michigan Yonsei University University of Yamanashi Yokohama National University World (All Institution Types) 23,675 5,229 5, Source: Calculated by Science-Metrix using the Scopus database

17 Ballard ranks 5th at the world level for fuel cell papers among firms and also has an excellent scientific impact Number of Fuel Cell Papers and Citedness by Leading Companies at the World Level, Institution Total Papers PEMFC SOFC ARC General Motors Corp Mitsubishi Group Samsung Group United Technologies Corp Ballard Power Systems Inc Plug Power Inc FuelCell Energy Inc Toyota Motor Corp Siemens AG NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp Johnson Matthey Plc Tokyo Gas Co. Ltd Toshiba Group W.L. Gore and Associates Inc Hitachi Group M Co Ford Motor Co Haldor Topsøe A/S Nissan Motor Co. Ltd Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd General Electric Co Daimler Benz AG Rolls Royce plc Ceramatec Inc Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc World (All Institution Types) 23,675 5,229 5, Source: Calculated by Science-Metrix using the Scopus database

18 Scientific Collaboration in Fuel Cell is Fragmented and Mostly Regional

19 NRC is the leading scientific research institution in Canada with more than double the papers of the nearest institution Number of fuel cell papers and citedness by leading Canadian institutions, Institution Total Papers PEMFC SOFC ARC NRC Canada U. of British Columbia U. of Victoria U. of Alberta U. of Waterloo Ballard Power Systems Inc INRS Énergie, Mat. et Télécom Université de Montréal Simon Fraser U Royal Military College NRCan Queen's U McMaster U UOIT U. of Calgary U. of Toronto Hydro Québec Memorial U U. of Windsor Canada 1, Source: Calculated by Science-Metrix using the Scopus database

20 The most important collaboration hubs in Canada are NRC and UBC

21 Fuel Cells Research in Canada and in Other Leading Countries PART II: ANALYSIS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

22 Similar to scientific research, the number of patents granted started growing rapidly around 1999 and paused in % Proportion of Patents Granted by the USPTO Accounted for by Fuel Cell Patents, % Proportion of Total Scientific Output 0.35% 0.30% 0.25% 0.20% 0.15% 0.10% 41 fuel cell patents 595 fuel cell patents 0.05% 0.00% Year Source: Calculated by Science-Metrix using the USPTO Database

23 Canada has a very strong IP portfolio compared to other leading countries Technological Performance of Leading Countries in Fuel Cell Research, Country Patents Patents/Pop* SI ARC United States 2, Japan 1, Germany Canada Republic of Korea United Kingdom France Taiwan Italy China 3 < n.s. India 1 < n.s. Spain 1 < n.s. WORLD 4, Source: Calculated by Science-Metrix using the USPTO database * Active fuel cell patents in portfolio per million inhabitants in 1998 SI = Specialization Index; ARC = Average of Relative Citations

24 Canada ranks 4 th overall for the size of its patents portfolio (comprising only active patents)

25 Canada is the most specialized country in FC patents portfolio

26 The patents in its portfolio are the most frequently cited in the prior art of subsequently granted patents

27 Consequently, Canada occupies the most advantageous position in FC IP

28 Ballard ranks second at the world level for its FC IP portfolio Number of Patents in Fuel Cell Portfolio and Citedness by Leading Institutions at the World Level, Institution Total Papers ARC Honda Motor Co. Ltd Ballard Power Systems Inc United Technologies Corp General Motors Corp Plug Power Inc Toyota Motor Corp Nissan Motor Co. Ltd Matsushita Group Siemens AG Delphi Corp University of California Hewlett Packard Co Mitsubishi Group Daimler Benz AG General Electric Co Motorola Inc FuelCell Energy Inc Toshiba Group Gas Technology Institute Reveo Inc IdaTech LLC M Co Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd Caltech Canada 1, Source: Calculated by Science-Metrix using the Scopus database

29 Fuel Cells Research in Canada and in Other Leading Countries CONCLUSION

30 Key Findings (1 of 2) Canada ranks first in the multicriteria ranking of scientific research on fuel cells (first in papers per capita, first in scientific impact). Canada follows leading Asian countries (Korea, Japan, Taiwan and China) in terms of research intensity (specialization). At the world level, most publications that specify a fuel cell type mention SO or PEM fuel cells but biological fuel cell research is growing steadily. Canada is unique in that it occupies the most advantageous position (high impact and high level of specialization) for both SOFCs and PEMFCs.

31 Key Findings (2 of 2) At the world level NRC is amongst the top ten governmental organizations and NGOs involved in FC research in terms of scientific output and is the leading scientific research institution in Canada. Penn State is the leading university at the world level. The most important collaboration hubs in Canada are NRC and UBC although scientific collaboration in Fuel Cell research is generally fragmented and mostly regional. Canada occupies the most advantageous position in FC IP with above world average technological impact and specialization. Ballard ranks second at the world level for its FC IP portfolio. Ballard ranks 5 th for fuel cell papers among firms and also has an excellent scientific impact.