Guatemala Tax Guide 2013

Transcription

1 Guatemala Tax Guide 2013

2 foreword A country s tax regime is always a key factor for any business considering moving into new markets. What is the corporate tax rate? Are there any incentives for overseas businesses? Are there double tax treaties in place? How will foreign source income be taxed? Foreword Since 1994, the PKF network of independent member firms, administered by PKF International Limited, has produced the PKF Worldwide Tax Guide (WWTG) to provide international businesses with the answers to these key tax questions. This handy reference guide provides clients and professional practitioners with comprehensive tax and business information for over 90 countries throughout the world. As you will appreciate, the production of the WWTG is a huge team effort and I would like to thank all tax experts within PFK member firms who gave up their time to contribute the vital information on their country s taxes that forms the heart of this publication. I hope that the combination of the WWTG and assistance from your local PKF member firm will provide you with the advice you need to make the right decisions for your international business. Richard Sackin Chairman, PKF International Tax Committee Eisner Amper LLP richard.sackin@eisneramper.com I

3 important disclaimer Disclaimer This publication should not be regarded as offering a complete explanation of the taxation matters that are contained within this publication. This publication has been sold or distributed on the express terms and understanding that the publishers and the authors are not responsible for the results of any actions which are undertaken on the basis of the information which is contained within this publication, nor for any error in, or omission from, this publication. The publishers and the authors expressly disclaim all and any liability and responsibility to any person, entity or corporation who acts or fails to act as a consequence of any reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this publication. Accordingly no person, entity or corporation should act or rely upon any matter or information as contained or implied within this publication without first obtaining advice from an appropriately qualified professional person or firm of advisors, and ensuring that such advice specifically relates to their particular circumstances. PKF International is a network of legally independent member firms administered by PKF International Limited (PKFI). Neither PKFI nor the member firms of the network generally accept any responsibility or liability for the actions or inactions on the part of any individual member firm or firms. II

4 Preface The (WWTG) is an annual publication that provides an overview of the taxation and business regulation regimes of the world s most significant trading countries. In compiling this publication, member firms of the PKF network have based their summaries on information current on 1 January 2013, while also noting imminent changes where necessary. On a country-by-country basis, each summary addresses the major taxes applicable to business; how taxable income is determined; sundry other related taxation and business issues; and the country s personal tax regime. The final section of each country summary sets out the Double Tax Treaty and Non-Treaty rates of tax withholding relating to the payment of dividends, interest, royalties and other related payments. While the WWTG should not to be regarded as offering a complete explanation of the taxation issues in each country, we hope readers will use the publication as their first point of reference and then use the services of their local PKF member firm to provide specific information and advice. Preface In addition to the printed version of the WWTG, individual country taxation guides are available in PDF format which can be downloaded from the PKF website at PKF INTERNATIONAL LIMITED MAY 2013 PKF INTERNATIONAL LIMITED ALL RIGHTS RESERVED USE APPROVED WITH ATTRIBUTION III

5 About PKF International Limited PKF International Limited (PKFI) administers the PKF network of legally independent member firms. There are around 300 member firms and correspondents in 440 locations in around 125 countries providing accounting and business advisory services. PKFI member firms employ around 2,270 partners and more than 22,000 staff. PKFI is the 11th largest global accountancy network and its member firms have $2.68 billion aggregate fee income (year end June 2012). The network is a member of the Forum of Firms, an organisation dedicated to consistent and high quality standards of financial reporting and auditing practices worldwide. Services provided by member firms include: Introduction Assurance & Advisory Insolvency Corporate & Personal Financial Planning/Wealth management Taxation Corporate Finance Forensic Accounting Management Consultancy Hotel Consultancy IT Consultancy PKF member firms are organised into five geographical regions covering Africa; Latin America; Asia Pacific; Europe, the Middle East & India (EMEI); and North America & the Caribbean. Each region elects representatives to the board of PKF International Limited which administers the network. While the member firms remain separate and independent, international tax, corporate finance, professional standards, audit, hotel consultancy and business development committees work together to improve quality standards, develop initiatives and share knowledge and best practice cross the network. Please visit for more information. IV

6 Structure of Country Descriptions A. TAXES PAYABLE FEDERAL TAXES AND LEVIES COMPANY TAX CAPITAL GAINS TAX BRANCH PROFITS TAX SALES TAX/VALUE ADDED TAX FRINGE BENEFITS TAX LOCAL TAXES OTHER TAXES B. DETERMINATION OF TAXABLE INCOME CAPITAL ALLOWANCES DEPRECIATION STOCK/INVENTORY CAPITAL GAINS AND LOSSES DIVIDENDS INTEREST DEDUCTIONS LOSSES FOREIGN SOURCED INCOME INCENTIVES Structure C. FOREIGN TAX RELIEF D. CORPORATE GROUPS E. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS F. WITHHOLDING TAX G. EXCHANGE CONTROL H. PERSONAL TAX I. TREATY AND NON-TREATY WITHHOLDING TAX RATES V

7 INTERNATIONAL TIME ZONES Time Zones At 12 noon, Greenwich Mean Time, the standard time elsewhere is: A Algeria pm Angola pm Argentina am Australia - Melbourne pm Sydney pm Adelaide pm Perth pm Austria pm B Bahamas am Bahrain pm Belgium pm Belize am Bermuda am Brazil am British Virgin Islands am Guernsey noon Guyana am H Hong Kong pm Hungary pm I India pm Indonesia pm Ireland noon Isle of Man noon Israel pm Italy pm J Jamaica am Japan pm Jordan pm C Canada - Toronto am Winnipeg am Calgary am Vancouver am Cayman Islands am Chile am China - Beijing pm Colombia am Cyprus pm Czech Republic pm D Denmark pm Dominican Republic am E Ecuador am Egypt pm El Salvador am Estonia pm F Fiji midnight Finland pm France pm G Gambia (The) noon Germany pm Ghana noon Greece pm Grenada am Guatemala am VI K Kenya pm L Latvia pm Lebanon pm Luxembourg pm M Malaysia pm Malta pm Mexico am Morocco noon N Namibia pm Netherlands (The) pm New Zealand midnight Nigeria pm Norway pm O Oman pm P Panama am Papua New Guinea pm Peru am Philippines pm Poland pm Portugal pm Q Qatar am R Romania pm

8 Russia - Moscow pm St Petersburg pm S Singapore pm Slovak Republic pm Slovenia pm South Africa pm Spain pm Sweden pm Switzerland pm T Taiwan pm Thailand pm Tunisia noon Turkey pm Turks and Caicos Islands am U Uganda pm Ukraine pm United Arab Emirates pm United Kingdom (GMT) 12 noon United States of America - New York City am Washington, D.C am Chicago am Houston am Denver am Los Angeles am San Francisco am Uruguay am Time Zones V Venezuela am Z Zimbabwe pm VII

9 Guatemala Guatemala Currency: Quetzal Dial Code To: 502 Dial Code Out: 00 (GTQ) Member Firm: City: Name: Contact Information: Guatemala City Hugo Arevalo Perez Tax laws in Guatemala are based on the territoriality principle. There are a few exceptions, mainly those related to withholdings in origin, and all taxes are applicable to activities conducted within the Guatemalan territory. The Political Constitution of Guatemala provides legislative power to the Congress of the Republic. This provides certainty that no other entity, either local or foreign, shall create indirect or direct taxes. Guatemala is part of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), which is responsible for facilitating a private capital investment flow to developing countries, while providing guarantees against risks such as expropriation, lack of currency convertibility, civil war or riots, etc. In addition, the country has benefited from the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) with the promotion and fostering of private investments from the United States of America A. Taxes payable Taxes and levies Company tax Companies are subjected to income taxes, known as the income on lucrative activities regime, with rates at 31% for 2013, 28% for 2014 and 25% starting There is also an optional simplified regime on income from lucrative activities with rates ranging from 5% and 6% in 2013 and from 5-7% starting In addition, a 5% income tax payment exists on distribution of dividends, earnings and profits. Solidarity Tax This tax is a way to anticipate income taxes so that the amount paid may be credited to income taxes over following three years. The tax rate is 1% on gross income or the net asset amount and is applicable only to taxpayers opting for taxes on income from lucrative activities (31% income tax regime). Taxpayers that pay taxes under the optional simplified tax regime on income from lucrative activities (5% tax regime) are exempt from this tax. Capital gains tax Current laws, starting 1 January 2013, provide for an applicable tax rate on capital from furniture and real estate gains at 10%. A 5% income tax rate is applicable to payments made to stockholders during the distribution of dividends, earnings or profits. Branch profits tax There is no separate branch profits tax. Overseas companies with a permanent establishment in Guatemala pay tax on the profits of the permanent establishment under the same rules applied to Guatemala resident companies. Sales tax/value added tax (VAT) VAT is collected during the exchange of goods or services at the local level as well as during the provision of services and importation of goods. Exportation of goods and services are tax exempt. The tax rate is 12%, although some exemptions do exist including: Services provided by entities controlled by the Superintendent of Banks, stock exchange brokers, insurance and reinsurance operations Issuance and transfer of some securities Grants and donations to not-for-profit entities Transactions among co-operative entities and their participants Importation of furniture by cooperative entities exclusively for their operations 1

10 Guatemala Imports under the temporary importation system: VAT tax returns shall be filed on a monthly basis within a month following that month reported in the tax return. The tax amount in debt shall be payable in the due date. Fringe benefits tax All benefits in kind are taxable on individuals receiving those benefits from their employers. Other taxes Real estate tax An annual tax is payable on the owners of real estate and levied at the following rates: Taxable amount (GTQ 000) up to 2,000 0% Rate 2, to 20, % 20, to 70, % Over 70, % Tax is also charged on rural land declared to be uncultivated (i.e. not used for agricultural purposes). Social security contributions Employer s social security is payable at a rate of 12.67% on the total salary of employees. Social security contributions, IRTRA and INTECAP Contributions made by employers to the social security and other recreational or training institutions shall be payable at 12.67% on the overall employees salaries. B. Determination of taxable income The information provided in the following section is applicable to tax payers opting for the income on lucrative activities regime Capital allowances (DEPRECIATIONS) Tax deductions are available in respect of the depreciation of fixed assets used in the business. Generally speaking, only the straight-line method is allowed, although other methods may be used if agreed by the tax authorities. Maximum depreciation rates are set and include the following: Assets Buildings and construction 5% Rate Furniture and equipment 20% Vehicles 20% Computers (including software) 33.33% Tools 25% Stock/inventory In general, the following four methods may be used for valuation of inventories. 1. Production cost 2. First-in, first-out system FIFO 3. Weighted average 4. Historic cost of goods Other methods are allowed with prior authorisation from the Tax Office. Interest deductions Interest paid is deductible for both loans provided by banks or financial institutions and other institutions or individuals. Interest paid abroad when payable to banking or financial institutions registered or authorized by the corresponding banking government oversight and inspection entity in their respective country. The limit of this deduction shall not exceed the amount resulting from multiplying the corresponding interest rate by three times the average total net assets. 2

11 Guatemala Losses Losses other than capital losses may not be carried back or forward. Capital losses may only be offset by two years with capital gains. Foreign source income Tax is only chargeable on Guatemala source income. Incentives/FREE ZONES Certain incentives are granted to industrial or commercial enterprises established in free zones. These include: An exemption from income tax for 12 years with respect to income from industrial or commercial activities carried out in free zones An exemption from VAT for transactions effected within or between free zones An exemption from stamp duties on the transfer of immovable property located in free zones when the enterprise is also located there TAX INCENTIVES EXPORTATION AND DRAW-BACK ACTIVITIES Some incentives such as exemption of importation taxes, income and value-added taxes for industrial and commercial outfits established under the incentive to exportation and draw-back incentive law do exist. FREE-TRADE ZONE Incentives including exemption of importation, income and value-added taxes do exist for industrial and commercial entities established within the country s free-trade zone. INVESTMENT IN RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Exemption of importation, income and value-added taxes exist by way of the Incentives for development of renewable energy projects law. C. Foreign tax relief Only Guatemala source income is subject to tax. Foreign investment is governed by the Foreign Investment Act, which among others, provides for equal conditions for either domestic or foreign investors. Likewise, this law establishes that the Government may not directly or indirectly expropriate investments made by foreign investors. D. Corporate groups There are no special tax provisions relating to groups of companies. E. Related party transactions/transfer PRICING TAX From 1 January 2013, legislation on new transfer pricing rules has been enacted. The special standards on the valuation among related parties requires that from 1 January 2013, transactions made by Guatemalan companies with non-residing related parties must be be valued under the arm s length principle. F. Withholding tax For income from entities not residing in the country and acting with or without a permanent establishment, tax regimes do exist for the specific computation of withholding of taxes from rates ranging from 5% up to 15%. G. Exchange control There are no exchange controls in Guatemala. H. Personal tax Individuals residing in the country and receiving income from labour under a dependency relationship are subject to a progressive tax rate as shown below: Taxable base (GTQ) Fixed Tax amount (GTQ) Marginal rate on the excess 0.01 to 300, % Over 3000,000 15,000 7% 3

12 Guatemala Social security contributions and total personal expenses for up to Q60,000 are deductible. I. Treaty withholding tax rates Guatemala does not have any tax treaties in force. Guatemala entered into agreement before the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, regarding tax information exchange with 42 countries, which includes among others, taxes on transfer pricing as explained in the preceding paragraphs. 4

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