The assassination of JFK

Transcription

1 The assassination of JFK John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was fatally shot by a sniper while traveling with his wife Jacqueline and the Texas Governor. A ten-month investigation in by the Warren Commission concluded that Kennedy was assassinated by a single individual, acting alone. Identify the individual who best fits each of the following descriptions. Abraham Zapruder Clint Hill Name the individual later and widely accused of complicity in a government sponsored cover-up of the assassination (tests knowledge and understanding) Earl Warren J.D. Tippit Jack Ruby John Connally Name the single individual blamed for the assassination (easy, test of basic knowledge) Lee Harvey Oswald Lyndon Baines Johnson Matthew Smith

2 John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time (18:30 UTC) on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was fatally shot by a sniper while traveling with his wife Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally's wife Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation in by the Warren Commission (led by Chief Justice Earl Warren) concluded that Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald, acting alone, and that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald before he could stand trial. Although the Commission's conclusions were initially supported by a majority of the American public, polls conducted between 1966 and 2003 found that as many as 80 percent of Americans have suspected that there was a plot or cover-up. United States Secret Service Special Agent Clint Hill was riding on the left front running board of the followup car, immediately behind the Presidential limousine. Hill testified he heard one shot, then, as documented in other films and concurrent with Zapruder frame 308, he jumped off into Elm Street and ran forward to try to get on the limousine and protect the President. (Hill testified to the Warren Commission that after he jumped into Elm Street, he heard two more shots.). After the President had been shot in the head, Mrs. Kennedy began to climb out onto the back of the limousine, though she later had no recollection of doing so. Hill believed she was reaching for something, perhaps a piece of the President's skull. He jumped onto the back of the limousine while at the same time Mrs. Kennedy returned to her seat, and he clung to the car as it exited Dealey Plaza and accelerated, speeding to Parkland Memorial Hospital. Lee Harvey Oswald, reported missing to the Dallas police by Roy Truly, his supervisor at the Depository, was arrested approximately 70 minutes after the assassination for the murder of Dallas police officer J. D. Tippit. According to witness Helen Markam, Tippit had spotted Oswald walking along a sidewalk in the residential neighborhood of Oak Cliff, three miles from Dealey Plaza. Officer Tippit had earlier received a radio message which gave a description of the suspect being sought in the assassination and called Oswald over to the patrol car. Helen Markam testified that after an exchange of words, Tippit got out of his car and Oswald shot him four times. Oswald was next seen by shoe store manager Johnny Brewer "ducking into" the entrance alcove of his store. Suspicious of this activity, Brewer watched Oswald continue up the street and slip into the nearby Texas Theatre without paying. Brewer alerted the theater's ticket clerk, who telephoned police at about 1:40 pm. Oswald provided little information during his questioning. When confronted with evidence which he could not explain he resorted to statements which were found to be false. Dallas authorities were not able to complete their investigation into the assassination of President Kennedy because of interruptions from the FBI and the murder of Oswald by Jack Ruby.

3 Internet Memes An Internet meme is an idea, style or action which spreads, often as mimicry, from person to person via the Internet Badger Badger Badger Dancing baby Dumb Ways to Die Beta Test Fenton Gangnam Style LOLcat Nigerian Scam Planking Rickrolling Derived from the work of Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy ( ) and based on social networking theories in in vogue after World War I. (many distractors. Social Networking is the clue) Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon

4 Badger Badger Badger: A hypnotic loop of animal calisthenics set to the chant of "badger, badger, badger" Dancing baby: A 3D-rendered dancing baby that first appeared in 1996 by the creators of Character Studio for 3D Studio MAX, and became something of a late 1990s cultural icon. Dumb Ways to Die: a music video featuring "a variety of cute characters killing themselves in increasingly idiotic ways" that went viral through sharing and social media. It was part of a public service announcement advertisement campaign by Metro Trains in Melbourne, Australia to promote rail safety. Beta Test: An chain-letter that first appeared in 1997 and was still circulating as recently as The message claims that America Online and Microsoft are conducting a beta test and for each person you forward the to, you will receive a payment from Bill Gates of more than $200. Fenton: Video of a dog chasing deer in Richmond Park, London, and its owner's attempts to call it off. Gangnam Style: A song and music video by South Korean rapper, Psy, showing him doing an "invisible horse dance" and saying the catchphrase "Oppan Gangnam Style" LOLcatz: A collection of humorous image macros featuring cats with misspelled phrases, such as, "I Can Has Cheezburger?" Nigerian Scam: An scam in which the sender claims to be a high-ranking official of Nigeria with knowledge of a large sum of money or equivalent goods that they cannot claim but must divest themselves of it; to do so, they claim to require a smaller sum of money up front to access the sum to send to the receiver. Planking: (Lying Down Game) an activity consisting of lying face down in an unusual or incongruous location. Rickrolling: posting a URL in an Internet forum that appears to be relevant to the topic at hand, but is, in fact, a link to a video of Rick Astley's "Never Gonna Give You Up". Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon: A trivia/parlor game based around linking an actor to Kevin Bacon through a chain of co-starring actors in films, television, and other productions, with the hypothesis that no actor was more than six connections away from Bacon, similar to the theory of six degrees of separation or the Erdős number in mathematics

5 Human Evolution Identify the Homo species which best fits the following descriptions Australopithecus afarensis Homo erectus Hypothesized to be H. sapiens suffering from endemic cretinism as a consequence of congenital hypothyroidism. (Testing awareness of a largely discredited hypothesis) Homo floresiensis Homo habilis Homo heidelbergensis Homo sapiens denisova Homo sapiens idaltu Homo sapiens neanderthalensis Homo sapiens sapiens

6 Australopithecus afarensis: lived between 3.9 and 2.9 million years ago. more closely related to the genus Homo, whether as a direct ancestor or a close relative of an unknown ancestor, than any other known primate from the same time. Homo erectus: In the early Pleistocene, Ma, in Africa some populations of Homo habilis are thought to have evolved larger brains and made more elaborate stone tools; these differences and others are sufficient for anthropologists to classify them as a new species, Homo erectus. This was made possible by the evolution of locking knees and a different location of the foramen magnum. They may have used fire to cook their meat. Homo floresiensis, which lived from approximately 100,000 to 12,000 before present, has been nicknamed hobbit for its small size, possibly a result of insular dwarfism. H. floresiensis is intriguing both for its size and its age, being an example of a recent species of the genus Homo that exhibits derived traits not shared with modern humans. Homo habilis lived from about 2.4 to 1.4 Ma. Homo habilis evolved in South and East Africa in the late Pliocene or early Pleistocene, Ma, when it diverged from the australopithecines. Homo habilis had smaller molars and larger brains than the australopithecines, and made tools from stone and perhaps animal bones. One of the first known hominids, it was nicknamed 'handy man' by discoverer Louis Leakey Homo heidelbergensis (Heidelberg Man) lived from about 800,000 to about 300,000 years ago. Also proposed as Homo sapiens heidelbergensis or Homo sapiens paleohungaricus. Homo sapiens denisova: The full genomic sequence suggested the Denisovans belonged to the same lineage as Neanderthals, with the two diverging shortly after their line split from that lineage giving rise to modern humans. Modern humans are known to have overlapped with Neanderthals in Europe for more than 10,000 years, and the discovery raises the possibility that Neanderthals, modern humans and the Denisova hominin may have co-existed. Homo sapiens idaltu: an extinct subspecies of Homo sapiens that lived almost 160,000 years ago in Pleistocene Africa. "Idaltu" is from the Saho-Afar word meaning "elder" or "first born". Fossils differ from those of chronologically later forms of early H. sapiens such as Cro-Magnon found in Europe and other parts of the world in that their morphology has many archaic features not typical of H. sapiens. Nevertheless, thought to represent the direct ancestors of modern Homo sapiens sapiens Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, lived in Europe and Asia from 400,000 to about 30,000 years ago. Evidence from sequencing mitochondrial DNA indicated that no significant gene flow occurred between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens, and, therefore, the two were separate species that shared a common ancestor about 660,000 years ago. However, the 2010 sequencing of the Neanderthal genome indicated that Neanderthals did indeed interbreed with anatomically modern humans circa 45,000 to 80,000 years ago (at the approximate time that modern humans migrated out from Africa, but before they dispersed into Europe, Asia and elsewhere). Homo sapiens sapiens: Modern humans: Genetically more homogenous than most species, which may reflect relatively recent evolution or the possibility of a population bottleneck resulting from cataclysmic natural events such as the Toba catastrophe (supervolvanic eruption: Sumatra, Indonesia).

7 Question types There are many different exam question formats with different strengths and weaknesses that may be used to assess or to stimulate learning various aspects of learning. Idenify the following question types from the descriptions. Alternate Response: AR Extended Matching Item: EMI Frequently Asked Question: FAQ Multiple Choice Question: MCQ Scholastic Assessment Test: SAT Short Answer Question: SAQ Single Best Answer: SBA Viva voce

8 AR: Binary true/false questions EMI: A MCQ variant that nests several questions on a related topic, all of which may be answered using the same option list. Similar in outlook to SBA questions. Allows assessment of more complex concepts and understanding than simple MCQs. FAQ: listed questions and answers, all supposed to be commonly asked in some context, and pertaining to a particular topic. MCQ: a form of assessment in which respondents are asked to select the best possible answer (or answers) out of the choices from a list. SAT: standardized test for most college admissions in the United States. SAQ: Free response, generally structured questions SBA: A MCQ variant often used in clinical education to distinguish between, for example closely related diagnoses. Whilst more than one option may be technically correct, only one is the best or most appropriate answer Viva Voce: with living voice. An oral examination

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