Nectar and Pollen Plants for Native Wild Pollinators
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1 Nectar and Pollen Plants for Native Wild Pollinators By Susan Chan Rusty-patched Bumble Bee Project
2 The following is a pictorial list of the some of the plants that regularly provide pollen and/or nectar to pollinating bees in Ontario. The list is by no means exhaustive and can be expanded to include many more plants; for example, there are many kinds of goldenrod that provide nectar and pollen, but only one species has been included here. Because of space limitations, the hawkweeds, the knapweeds, and the sow thistles have also not been included. Both native and nonnative plants have been included in the list because many non-native plants are excellent sources of pollen/nectar for native bees, the sweet clovers, for example. Every effort has been made to designate plants as invasive if that is their tendency. This does not mean that they are not valuable resource plants for pollinating bees, but non-invasive alternatives may be preferred if an intentional planting is being done. Keen observers can begin to make their own observations about which plants seem to attract bees and jot them down in a personal list to augment the one provided here.
3 Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) Bloom Period: May Size: 35 metres tall, 90 centimetres in diameter; Light Requirements: Can tolerate shade but grows better in full sun. Moisture: Prefers moist soil; Prefers deep, rich soil. Tree Photo by: Daniel Tigner, Canadian Forest Tree Essences, Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2011.* Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Bloom Period: May Size: 25 metres tall, trunk 60 centimetres in diameter; Light Requirements: Tolerates some shade Moisture: Grows best in moist soil, but can tolerate different moisture levels; Tree Photo by: Daniel Tigner, Canadian Forest Tree Essences, Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2011.* Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Bloom Period: June Size: Spread 7-10m; Height 10-15m Light Requirements: Full Sun Well-drained Moisture: Low Tree Clammy Locust (Robinia viscosa) Bloom Period: May-June Size: 13 metres. Light Requirements: Tolerates semi-shade (light woodland) or full sun Tolerates a wide variety of soils and ph/fertility conditions, though prefers well-drained soils. Moisture: Can tolerate drought Tree Photo by: Bettinger, Edith, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Centre
4 Wild Apple (Malus pumila) Bloom Period: May-June Size: Up to 10 m with a nearly equal spread. Variable, often found in hedgerows Tree Herman, D.E., et al North Dakota tree handbook. USDA NRCS ND State Soil Conservation Committee; NDSU Extension and Western Area Power Administration, Bismarck. Courtesy of ND State Soil Siberian Crab (Malus baccata) Bloom Period: May-June Size: Height: 20 to 35 feet; Spread: 15 to 25 feet Light requirement: full sun Sand-clay; variable ph; well-drained; occasionally wet Moisture: Moderate drought tolerance Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Bloom Period: May-June Size: 6 feet (1.8 m) to 20 feet (6.1 m) high Light Requirement: Full sun Rich, moist, well-drained soil Tree Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Bloom Period: May-June Size: 2 metres tall, trunk 60 centimetres in diameter Moisture: Tolerates different moisture levels Light Requirement: Intolerant of shade-needs full sun Grows in a variety of soils Tree Photo by: Daniel Tigner, Canadian Forest Tree Essences, Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2011.* Willows (Salix spp.) Bloom Period: May-June Size: 1-6 m tall; Light Requirements: Can tolerate some shade; Disturbed areas and stream banks; Moisture: Wet to moist; Willows can be propagated from cuttings planted directly into moist soils. Photo by: Daniel Tigner, Canadian Forest Tree Essences, Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2011.* Tree/shrub
5 Ohio Buckeye (Aesculus glabra) Bloom Period: May Size: usually under 30' tall, but can grow to 70' or taller. Prefers deep, moist, well-drained, acid soil Tree American Basswood (Tilia americana) Bloom Period: July Size: up to 25 m tall, 75 cm in diameter Light Requirements: Can tolerate some shade Sandy to clayey upland soils Moisture: Dry to moist Tree Large Leaf Linden (Tilia platyphyllos) Bloom Period: July Size: typically 60' to 80' tall to light shade Prefers moist, deep, fertile, well-drained soils though tolerant of difficult growing sites and soils Moisture: Moist Queen's Printer for Ontario, Photographer not noted. Photo by Leo Michels - Source: Tree Canada Plum (Prunus nigra) Size: Up to 10 m, 25 cm in diameter; Soils: Prefers river valley and limestone soils. Do not plant near potato crops because of an aphid that can overwinter in the tree and acts as a carrier of a potato disease. This tree has substantial thorns Small tree Photo by Henriette Kress
6 Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) Bloom Period: May Size: Up to 10 m tall, 15 cm in diameter Moisture: Prefers moist conditions Light Requirements: Shade intolerant; needs full sun Soils: Rich soils in open situations Shrub ducation/kids_domain/encyclopedi a/life_sciences/plants_shrubs_tree s/en-lsp-cch.htm Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) Bloom Period: July-August Size: Spread: 5-7m Height: 5-7m Light Requirements: Full Sun Moisture: Shrub Beauty Bush (Kolkwitzia amabilis) Bloom Period: June Size: Spread: 3-4m Height: 2-3m Light Requirements: Full Sun, Part Sun/Part Shade Well-drained, Humus rich, Low Shrub Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) Size: Spread: 2-3m Height: 2-3m Light Requirements: Full Sun, Part Sun/Part Shade Well-drained, humus rich Shrub Photo by: A.L. Roth(copyright)Kwantlen.ca/plantd atabase Indian Currant (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus) Bloom Period: Variable Size: 1-3 ft. high, 3-6 ft. spread Light Requirement: Part Shade, Shade Moisture: Low-Moderate Shrub Photo by: Marcus, Joseph A., Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
7 Snowberry (Symphoricarpus alba) Bloom Period: June-July Size: tall Light Requirements: Shade intolerant, needs full sun Moisture: Medium Shrub Honeysuckle (Lonicera tatarica) Bloom Period: May-June Size: 10' to 12' tall Moisture: Shrub /about.html Mock Orange (Philadelphus coronarius) Bloom Period: May-June Size: 8' to 10' tall or larger is best; light shade Soils: Prefers moist, well-drained soils high in organic matter Moisture: Moist Shrub /about.html Deutzia (Deutzia gracilis) Bloom Period: May-June Size: 2' to 4' high with an equal spread Prefers well-drained soil Shrub Photo by: A.L. Roth(copyright)Kwantlen.ca/plantd atabase Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina) Bloom Period: June-July Size: Spread: 5-7m, Height: 5-7m Light Requirements: Full Sun, Part Sun/Part Shade Well-drained, Rocky or gravelly or dry Shrub, can spread to form colonies Photo by: A.L. Roth(copyright)Kwantlen.ca/plantd atabase
8 Caragana (Caragana arborescens) Bloom Period: May Size: Spread: 2-3m, Height: 3-5m Light Requirements: Full Sun Alkaline, Well-drained, Rocky or gravelly or dry Moisture: Moderate, Low Shrub Photo by: A.L. Roth(copyright)Kwantlen.ca/plantd atabase False Spirea (Sorbaria sorbifolia) Bloom Period: July-August Size: Height and spread 2-3m Light Requirements: Full Sun Acidic, Well-drained, organic soil Moisture: Prefers moist conditions Very fast growing. Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) Bloom Period: June Size: Spread m, Height m Light Requirements: Full Sun Well-drained Moisture: Low Photo by: A.L. Roth(copyright)Kwantlen.ca/plantd atabase Shrub Shrub ps/plantid/plantid.nsf/lookup/8bee 0AC9F B304?OpenDocument Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) Bloom Period: June-July Size: Can reach up to 6 ft Light Requirements: Part-sun Jennifer USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Shrub Common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) Bloom Period: May Size: Spread 4-5m; Height 5-7m Light Requirements: Full Sun Shrub Photo by: A.L. Roth(copyright)Kwantlen.ca/plantd atabase
9 Amur Privet (Ligustrum amurense) Bloom Period: May Size: 12' to 15' tall to partial shade Moisture: Shrub /about.html Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Bloom Period: May Size: 6" to 2' tall to partial shade Acidic, moist, well drained Shrub, Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Bloom Period: June-July Size: Spread m; Height: m Well-drained Mint (Mentha spp.) Bloom Period: July-August Size: Height cm -part shade Wide variety of soils ps/plantid/plantid.nsf/lookup/87bb AB31DECB19E C300610E28?OpenDocument Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) Bloom Period: April-May Size: Spread m; Height m Light Requirements: Full Sun, Part Sun/Part Shade, Filtered Shade Well-drained, rocky, gravelly or dry Moisture: Low Photo by: A.L. Roth(copyright)Kwantlen.ca/plantd atabase
10 Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Bloom Period: July-August Size: Spread m; Height m Light Requirements: Full Sun Well-drained, Rocky or gravelly or dry Moisture: Low Photo by: A.L. Roth(copyright)Kwantlen.ca/plantd atabase Sage (Salvia officinalis) Bloom Period: June-July Size: Spread m; Height m Light Requirements: Full Sun, Part Sun/Part Shade Tolerates wide range of well-drained soils _officinalis Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) Bloom Period: June-August to partial shade Deep, rich, moist soils Catnip (Nepeta cataria) Bloom Period: June-August Size: Height cm. prefers light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and good drainage, can grow in very alkaline soils Moisture: Dry or moist soil. photo by John Hilty
11 Borage (Borago officinalis) Bloom Period: June-frost Size: Height 1-3 feet; Spead feet Sun: Full sun to part shade Moisture: Drought tolerant Deer resistant Self-seeding Annual Photo by Leo Michels - Source: Bee Balm (Monarda didyma) Bloom Period: July-September Size: Spread cm; Height cm or sun/shade Tolerates a variety of moist soils Meadowsweet (Spiraea alba) Bloom Period: July Size: 6-12 ft. Light Requirement: Sun to shade Wet soils Moisture: High Photo by: Bransford, W.D. Mrs., Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Centre False Indigo (Amorpha fruticosa) Bloom Period: June-July Size: m Light Requirements: Sun, part shade Moisture: Photo by Jim Conrad
12 Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Bloom Period: Variable Size: 2-4 ft Annual; Some varieties that are bred to be shatter-resistant are not good nectar producers. Choose a heirloom variety Photo by Leo Michels - Canola (Brassica napus) Bloom Period: June Size: Height 4 ft Annual Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum) Bloom Period: June Size: Height 2 ft -high Photo by Howard F. Schwartz out/imageusage.cfm Copyright Steve Baskauf, White Dutch Clover (Trifolium repens) Bloom Period: Variable Size: Spread m, Height m Light Requirements: Full Sun, Part Sun/Part Shade Well-drained, Humus rich Moisture: Low
13 Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Bloom Period: June Size: Height 2 ft Moisture: Medium Robert H. Mohlenbrock. USDA NRCS Western wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species. West Region, Sacramento. Courtesy of USDA NRCS Wetland Science Institute. USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database. Sweet Clovers (Melilotus spp.) Bloom Period: May-September Size: Yellow sweet clover: cm White sweet clover: cm. Wide range of soil textures, tolerates calcareous conditions; well drained Moisture: Low to medium Biennial/perennial Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Blooming Period: July-September Size: 1.2 m by 0.6 m to part shade Light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) Short-lived Queen's Printer for Ontario, Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) Bloom Period: May-August Size: cm Light Requirements: Full Sun Well drained, variable texture, tolerates compaction Moisture: Drought tolerant Salt Tolerant Copyright Sheryl Pollock
14 Common Vetch (Vicia cracca) Bloom Period: June-September Size: Spread 2-3m; Height m Light Requirements: Full Sun, Part Sun/Part Shade Roadsides and fields Moisture: Low Herbaceous vine Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) Bloom Period: July-October Size: can reach 1.25 m Light Requirements: Shady High organic matter, moist to wet soils Moisture: Medium-high Annual Photo by and (c)2006 Derek Ramsey Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) Bloom Period: June-August Size: Spread m; Height: m Light Requirements: Full Sun Well-drained Moisture: Low Annual Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Bloom Period: June-August Size: cm Well drained, variable texture/fertility Moisture: Low Jennifer Anderson - USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Herbaceous plant, host for Monarch butterfly larva
15 Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) Bloom Period: June-August Size: cm Wet soils in ditches, on shores, in swamps Herbaceous plant, host for Monarch butterfly larva Jennifer Anderson - USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Butterflyweed (Asclepias tuberosa) Size: cm Light Requirement: Sun, Part shade Prefers well-drained, sandy soils, tolerates limestone-based soils Moisture: Drought resistant Does not transplant well. Photo by: Marcus, Joseph A., Ladybird Johnson Wildflower Centre Blueweed (Echium vulgare) Bloom Period: June-September Size: cm high Coarse sandy or gravelly soil in pastures, waste places and roadsides. Moisture: Low Queen's Printer for Ontario, * Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata) Bloom Period: June-September Size: cm Light Requirements: Sun, Partial shade Tolerates a range of soils Photo by: Watkins, Mariann, Ladybird Johnson Widflower Centre
16 Joe-Pye Weed (Eupatorium maculatum) Bloom Period: June-September Height: Up to 150 cm (59 in) Light Requirements: Sun, Partial Shade Clay, Sand, Loam, Humus Enriched (forest floor) Moisture Requirements: Moderate-wet Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) Bloom Period: July-October Size: 30cm-2.75 m Light Requirement: Full sun Tolerate variety of well drained soils New England Aster (Aster novae-angliae) Bloom Period: August-October Size: Up to 120 cm Well drained, variable soil John Pickering, Discoverlife.org Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Bloom Period: July-September Size: Spread m; Height 3-5m Light Requirement: Full Sun Well-drained Annual Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare) Bloom Period: June-September Size: Spread cm; Height cm, part sun/part shade Most well-drained soils Moisture: Low Biennial
17 Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Bloom Period: April-August Size: Up to 30 cm high Light Requirements: Prefers full sun Tolerates a wide range of well drained soils Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) Photo by: Richard Old Queen's Printer for Ontario, Photo by Leo Michels Public domain image Autumn Joy Sedum (Sedum spectabile) Bloom Period: September Light Requirement: Prefers full sun Tolerant of a variety of cultivated soils Moisture: Drought resistant Photo by Magnus Manske Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) Bloom Period: July-September
18 Pumpkin/Squash (Cucurbita pepo) Bloom Period: July-September Size: 60 cm by 5 m to light shade. Well drained light to heavy soils with a neutral ph Annual Herbaceous vine Lavender Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) Bloom Period: August-September Size: 3-6 feet Light Requirement: Sun Sandy or rocky soils. Moisture: Drought tolerant Photo by: Wasowski, Sally and Andy, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Bloom Period: August-September Size: Spread cm; Height 2-3m Light Requirement: Full Sun Fertile, well-drained soil Herbaceous plant, can become invasive Credit: Photo by Leo Michels - Source: Public domain image
19 Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis) Bloom Period: July-September Size: cm Light Requirement: Prefers full sun; tolerates some shade Infertile soil along sides of roads and waste spaces Biennial Rough Blazing Star (Liatris aspera) Bloom Period: August-September Photo by: Harmon, Stanley, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
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