Energy efficiency improvement and environmental protection have ranked first priorities in utility policies, in developed and developing countries.

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2 Introduction Energy efficiency improvement and environmental protection have ranked first priorities in utility policies, in developed and developing countries. Over the past ten years, electrical energy consumption and peak demand in Egypt have been growing rapidly at rates of 8.6 % and 8.1% respectively. Extensive efforts have been conducted by the Ministry of Electricity & Energy to improve generation efficiency and reduce transmission and distribution losses. This resulted in reducing the overall average specific fuel consumption from 340gm to 225gm of oil equivalent per kwh and reducing the losses from 22% to 11.5% in year 2009/2010

3 Introduction The Ministry of Electricity and Energy of Egypt, is conducting similar efforts on the demand side for effective utilization of electrical energy. In 1999, the Ministry of Electricity and Energy has started implementing one of its most important projects: Energy Efficiency Improvement and Greenhouse Gas Reduction, which is jointly financed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). This project is to assist Egypt reduce the long term growth of GHG emission from electric power generation and consumption of onrenewable fuel resources.

4 Electrical Energy Consumption Patterns year 2009/2010 The total energy consumption for year 2009/2010 is 120.1TWh. The residential and industrial sectors are the largest energy consuming of the total consumed power.

5 Electrical Energy Consuming Equipment Electrical energy is mainly consumed by 3 types of electrical loads: Lighting Heating &Ventilation Motive Power Loads Household. Appliances Surveys conducted in year 2000, have analyzed energy patterns and energy consumption of each type of equipment for residential and commercial sectors. Refregirators, 22% air condition, 12% washing machine, 18% Others, 7% T.V, 7% lighting, 34%

6 Promotion of Efficient Lighting Lighting is the largest electricity user in different sectors of consumption, it accounts for 25 % of the total energy sold in the country. The residential and commercial sectors consumes nearly 34% of their energy -estimated at 43% of the total energy for lighting purposes, the lighting consumed by the industrial sector accounts for10%, while the public lighting and government buildings lighting accounts for nearly 7%. Lighting in Egypt is responsible for the system peak time electricity production; in addition to high electricity bills, it has a negative impact on the environment by requiring the combustion of greater quantity of fuel in power plants

7 Types of Lighting Used in Egypt Incandescent Lamps (Household and Commercial) Incandescent lighting is the most common type of lighting used in residences, they are the least expensive to buy but the most expensive to operate; in addition to their shortest lives, they are also relatively inefficient compared with other lighting types. Fluorescent lamps (Commercial, Household and Industry) Fluorescent lighting is used mainly indoors; they needs ballast for starting and circuit protection, the electro magnetic ballasts currently used consume energy. Compact Fluorescent lamps {CFL} (Commercial, Household and Industry) CFL used by both residential and commercial sectors but on small scale.

8 Efficient Lighting Equipment 80 % Compact Fluorescent Lamps and electronic ballasts have been targeted to reduce the share of lighting in total energy consumption, based on the following: Simple technology, does not need special preparation. Simple and short pay back period. Direct and high impact on energy saving and CO2 reduction.

9 Technical and Financial Feasibility of Efficient Lighting Equipment Using CFL lamp saves 80% of the electricity consumed by the equivalent incandescent one, therefore leading to a corresponding average energy savings per one lamp over its lifetime of about 750 kwh and a corresponding fuel savings of 225 kg oil equivalent and 675 kg CO2 reductions. Using of low Wattage tubular fluorescent lamps leads to energy savings are 10% of its current consumption. Replacing gradually, magnetic ballasts by electronic ones, leads to energy savings of around 30%. Based on current market prices and electricity tariff, CFL is financially feasible for residential, commercial and industrial users

10 Supreme Energy Council s Decision The Supreme Council of Energy has taken a decision to develop energy efficiency programs to be applied on National Basis in the following sectors: Residential Sector Governmental Buildings Street Lighting Public Utilities Main Barriers to increase market penetration of EE lighting Low awareness by consumers and retailers Lack of experience and trust of the targeted consumers regarding the performance and quality of new lighting products. Higher costs of EE lighting compared to lower efficiency.

11 Main Barriers to increase market penetration of EE lighting Among the barriers that could have negative impact on the penetration of EE lighting is the bad quality of some CFLs available in the market this is due to: Lack of monitoring systems resulting in bad quality manufactured or assembled products. The testing of the lamps is not obligatory except for the tenders of the Ministry of Electricity and Energy. In addition to the lack of confidence of customers this could have a negative impact on the electrical System performance such as total harmonic distortion and power factor.

12 Efficient Lighting Initiatives undertaken by the power sector in the residential sector: Undertake a program for the diffusion of CFLs by the Distribution Companies through leasing programs, with a subsidy of 50% of normal retail price of good quality CFLs. As a first phase, 6.5 million lamps 20 watt have been sold to customers 6 L.E/lamp and a guarantee period of 18 months. A second phase started in 2010 for selling additional 3 million lamps. A third phase of selling 2.9 million lamps have been tendered by electricity DCs. Encourage the private sector to manufacture CFL locally Public awareness programs for the diffusion of efficient lighting equipment through media, seminars and exhibitions Cooperation with NGOs for increasing customer awareness, diffusion of efficient lighting equipment and training technicians for mounting and repairing efficient lighting equipment.

13 Performed tests for CFLs and Electronic Ballasts Electrical, photometry and heat resistant tests: Ageing period test Starting cycle test Working voltage & frequency Power Lamp warm up time Starting Time Lamp power factor Total harmonic Distortion THDI Luminous Flux. Heat resistance test For CFLS starting 85 watts and higher, humidity tests are added to the above tests higher power

14 Results of Tested CFLs (Electrical Tests) Good Result of CFL

15 Results of Tested CFLs (Electrical Tests) Bad Result of CFL

16 Photometry Testing Laboratory

17 All these actions led to: Increase of market size of CFLs from million lamps in year 2000 to 17.5 million lamps in year Decrease the price of CFL from 50 L.E to 10L.E in year 2010 for a good quality lamp. Achieve an energy saving of MTOE and a CO2 reduction of MTons.

18 Development of Egyptian Market for CFL s 2000 To 2009

19 Drop in the price of CFLs From Price Year Year

20 Energy Efficiency Initiatives in Street Lighting Street lighting consumption in Egypt represents 6% of the total consumption costing 2.8 billion L.E Street light commonly uses 400, 250, watts sodium lamps, 250 watts mercury vapor lamps, and 200,150,100 watts incandescent lamps. These lamps are mounted on poles with height ranging from 13 to 6 meters. According to a survey, the estimated number of different types of used lamps is : 400watts sodium watts sodium Watt incandescent lamps watts incandescent lamps watts incandescent lamps0.863

21 Energy Efficiency Improvement in street Lighting A program for increasing energy efficiency in street lighting is currently implemented in cooperation between the Ministry of Electricity and Energy and the Ministry of Local Development and funded through the Ministry of Finance with an amount of million L.E 260. According to the implementation plan : The 400 watt and250 watt magnetic ballast will be replaced by electronic ballast. The 400 watt sodium will be replaced by 250 high pressure sodium lamp. The 250 watt sodium will be replaced by 150 watt high pressure sodium lamp Other options are to replace lamps with high wattage by CFLs with lower wattages : 85-90, Up till now 172 thousand lamps have been replaced according to the previous procedures leading to a saving of 866 million K.Wh

22 Improving Energy Efficiency in Governmental Buildings Egyptian Governmental Buildings (EGBs) represent a high share of electricity consumption, about 5.5% of the total electricity consumption, This high rate necessitated an urgent action to investigate the energy efficiency opportunities within this sector, due to: The similarity of energy consumption patterns which support replication The existed electrical facilities are inefficient. Procurements guidelines for new equipment in governmental buildings do not include EE constrains or incentives. Lack of programs for raising the capabilities of the technical operators regarding energy efficiency Lack of awareness among employees regarding energy efficiency.

23 Improving Energy Efficiency in governmental buildings Among study recommendations: Replacement of existing lighting measures with higher efficiency Lighting application which doesn t require complicated technology, relatively less capital investment and has a relative shorter pay back period. Availability of local manufacture of efficient lighting equipment which will reduce the required investments. The selected two types used for efficient lighting are: Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) Electronic Ballasts Most of the EGBs use fluorescent lamps (4 lamps fixtures), replacement of the magnetic ballast by electronic ballast will save 35% of electricity consumption. is less than 1 year.

24 Payback period for replacing Incandescent lamps by CFLs, case of a Governmental building CFL Lamp Watts / Lamp Lifetime of Lamp 10,000 1,000 Comparison period (hrs) 10,000 # of Lamps 1 10 Price / Lamp (L.E.) Energy Consumption (kwh) Tariff (L.E.) Cost of energy (L.E.) Energy Saving (L.E.) Investment # of working hours/day # of working hours/year Saving /year (L.E.) Payback period (years) Watts * Period / , Energy Consumption * Tariff Cost of Energy of (CFL - Lamp) 184 # of lamps * price of lamp ,400 (hrs/year) * (Energy Saving/hr) / Comparison Period Investment / savings

25 Recycling of the components and materials of the CFLs Limiting the mercury content of the lamps is an important point of discussion EU standards[ could be applied (the current European limit is a maximum of 5 mg of mercury per lamp). Waste management and recycling of the components and/or materials of the lamps that have reached the end of their lifetime is an issue to be addressed. Review relevant international experiences and consolidate the different ideas already brought up in this context (such as an idea of a modular lamp design, where the base of the CFL with much longer lifetime than the glass part of a CFL lamp can be re-used and the replaceable glass part recycled

26 Future Targets for Accelerating Growth of EE Lighting Market in Egypt Gradually phase-out the most inefficient lighting products by 2020.through making energy efficient lighting products first choice for residential, commercial and administrative buildings, as well as street lighting This will be achieved through the following: Enable a regulatory framework for phasing out inefficient lighting equipment (adoption of new laws and regulations). Develop innovate financing mechanisms to support financing of EE lighting and other related EE investments. Improve energy management of public buildings Update regulations for implementing EE street lighting Joint marketing/public awareness campaigns with the local manufacturers Working with local manufacturers to improve the cost/quality ratio of their products Develop proposal for different options to manage & recycle efficient lighting equipment