Grant Application Package

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1 Grant Application Package Opportunity Title: Offering Agency: CFDA Number: CFDA Description: Opportunity Number: Competition ID: Opportunity Open Date: Opportunity Close Date: Agency Contact: Recovery Act - Smart Grid Demonstrations National Energy Technology Laboratory This electronic grants application is intended to be used to apply for the specific Federal funding opportunity referenced here. Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Research, Development If the Federal funding opportunity listed is not DE-FOA the opportunity for which you want to apply, close this application package by clicking on the "Cancel" button at the top of this screen. You 06/25/2009 will then need to locate the correct Federal funding opportunity, download its application 08/26/2009 and then apply. Keith Carrington Contract Specialist keith.carrington@netl.doe.gov I will be submitting applications on my behalf, and not on behalf of a company, state, local or tribal government, academia, or other type of organization. * Application Filing Name: SCE: Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (1) Mandatory Documents Move Form to Complete Move Form to Delete Mandatory Documents for Submission SF424 (R & R) RR FedNonFed Budget Project/Performance Site Location(s) Research And Related Senior/Key Person Profile (Expanded) Research And Related Other Project Information Optional Documents Move Form to Submission List Optional Documents for Submission Research & Related Subaward Budget (Total Fed + Disclosure of Lobbying Activities (SF-LLL) Move Form to Delete Instructions Enter a name for the application in the Application Filing Name field. - This application can be completed in its entirety offline; however, you will need to login to the Grants.gov website during the submission process. - You can save your application at any time by clicking the "Save" button at the top of your screen. - The "Save & Submit" button will not be functional until all required data fields in the application are completed and you clicked on the "Check Package for Errors" button and confirmed all data required data fields are completed. Open and complete all of the documents listed in the "Mandatory Documents" box. Complete the SF-424 form first. - It is recommended that the SF-424 form be the first form completed for the application package. Data entered on the SF-424 will populate data fields in other mandatory and optional forms and the user cannot enter data in these fields. - The forms listed in the "Mandatory Documents" box and "Optional Documents" may be predefined forms, such as SF-424, forms where a document needs to be attached, such as the Project Narrative or a combination of both. "Mandatory Documents" are required for this application. "Optional Documents" can be used to provide additional support for this application or may be required for specific types of grant activity. Reference the application package instructions for more information regarding "Optional Documents". - To open and complete a form, simply click on the form's name to select the item and then click on the => button. This will move the document to the appropriate "Documents for Submission" box and the form will be automatically added to your application package. To view the form, scroll down the screen or select the form name and click on the "Open Form" button to begin completing the required data fields. To remove a form/document from the "Documents for Submission" box, click the document name to select it, and then click the <= button. This will return the form/document to the "Mandatory Documents" or "Optional Documents" box. - All documents listed in the "Mandatory Documents" box must be moved to the "Mandatory Documents for Submission" box. When you open a required form, the fields which must be completed are highlighted in yellow with a red border. Optional fields and completed fields are displayed in white. If you enter invalid or incomplete information in a field, you will receive an error message. Click the "Save & Submit" button to submit your application to Grants.gov. - Once you have properly completed all required documents and attached any required or optional documentation, save the completed application by clicking on the "Save" button. - Click on the "Check Package for Errors" button to ensure that you have completed all required data fields. Correct any errors or if none are found, save the application package. - The "Save & Submit" button will become active; click on the "Save & Submit" button to begin the application submission process. - You will be taken to the applicant login page to enter your Grants.gov username and password. Follow all onscreen instructions for submission.

2 Applicant: Southern California Edison Principal Investigator: Michael Montoya Project Name: Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (ISGD) Southern California Edison Company (SCE) is proposing to conduct an end-to-end demonstration of a grouping of advanced Smart Grid technologies we believe will be needed to meet state and federal policy goals for the year What sets this particular project apart is SCE s experience with advanced Smart Grid technologies gained through the DOE-co-funded Avanti distribution circuit, synchrophasor development and Edison SmartConnect TM smart meter program. Rather than just a shallow demonstration and examination of a few technologies, the ISGD will be a deep vertical dive that will more closely replicate and test all of the interlocking pieces of the end-to-end Smart Grid. This proposed demonstration will take place on a section of SCE s grid from transmission through distribution to customer premise devices. Thus, the project will literally provide a living laboratory for accurately assessing the interoperability of, and interaction between, all of these various Smart Grid technologies and systems working at the same time. The ISGD will be deployed in the City of Irvine, an ideal demonstration site typical of most heavily populated areas of Southern California in climate, topography, environmental concerns and public policy issues. This demonstration is shovel ready in that it will utilize existing distribution facilities and all required state matching has already been approved in previous SCE proceedings for General Rate Case, Energy Efficiency, Demand Response and Edison SmartConnect TM. Project Objectives First, the ISGD project will allow SCE, its partners and the DOE to verify the viability of Smart Grid energy technologies and cyber security when deployed in an integrated framework. Second, it will provide a means to quantify the costs and benefits of Smart Grid technologies in terms of overall energy consumption, operational efficiencies, and societal/environmental benefits. Finally, the ISGD project will allow SCE, its partners and the DOE to test and validate the scaleability of the several Smart Grid elements tested into other regions of the country. Project Description and Participants SCE s ISGD project is a comprehensive demonstration starting with CAISO operator deep distribution situational awareness using phasor measurement and then extends beyond the substation to evaluate the latest generation of distribution automation including universal remote circuit interrupters (URCI), looped 12 kv distribution circuit topology, and advanced voltage control sensing and self-healing technologies. This ISGD scope continues into the home, by demonstrating the integration, monitoring, control and efficacy of the home area network (HAN) and consumer devices such as smart appliances, electric vehicles, energy storage and photovoltaic solar generation. Tying all this together is the Secure Energy Network (SENet) which will enable end-to-end interoperability and cyber-security, both of which are essential to Smart Grid development and adoption across the region. SCE s project team is a combination of industry leaders each providing essential expertise. The team includes: Boeing, General Electric, SunPower Corporation, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), ITRON, University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, and University of California Irvine. Expected Results This project will demonstrate a scalable model of a Smart Grid System that can be used to validate the interoperability of emerging NIST and NERC standards for future Smart Grid systems and applications, including standards for implementation, integration, communications, cyber-security and interoperability. This project will also produce measured results on all benefits as outlined by the DOE in Appendix A of the FOA, and will help provide a blueprint to build the Smart Grid workforce of the future.

3 Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration Narrative Recovery Act Smart Grid Demonstrations Applicant: Southern California Edison Company 8/26/2009 Submitted To: U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory In Response To: Funding Opportunity Number: DE-FOA CFDA Number: Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Research, Development and Analysis Program Area of Interest 1: Regional Demonstrations Applicant Information: Southern California Edison Company Advanced Technology Organization 2131 Walnut Grove Avenue Rosemead, CA Michael R Montoya, Director Tel: Fax: Michael.r.montoya@sce.com Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 1

4 Table of Contents 1. Project Objectives Merit Review Criterion Discussion Relevance and Outcomes/Impacts Roles of Participants Project Performance Site Statement of Project Objectives (SOPO) Appendix A Bibliography and References Cited Appendix B Equipment Already Available List of Figures Figure 1: Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration Site... 4 Figure 2: Secure Smart Grid Common Operating Environment (S2GCOE)... 6 Figure 3: Areas Defining SCE's Business Objectives... 9 Figure 4: Evolution of Energy Efficiency Requirements Figure 5: Secure Smart Grid Common Operating Environment (S2GCOE) Figure 6: ISGD Project Organization Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 2

5 Project Overview Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) Electric utilities nationwide are in the process of modernizing and expanding their electric power delivery systems by deploying technologies to provide service in a manner consistent with present and future customer needs. SCE has been at the forefront of utilities that have been actively involved in developing these new technologies and studying how they could be integrated to create a Smart Grid. SCE s leadership has been demonstrated in part through the development of its SmartConnect advanced metering infrastructure, as well as by the successful completion of the Avanti Circuit of the Future demonstration in partnership with the DOE. Both programs are highly regarded precursors to this proposed demonstration. 1 SCE s vision for this demonstration is to deploy various technologies in an integrated future electric distribution system that is expected to be more reliable, secure, economic, efficient, safe, and environmentally-friendly than those in general use today. Our demonstration will showcase an electric distribution system with advanced technologies necessary to support a smarter, more robust electricity infrastructure that will be critical as the country begins to rely on greater amounts of renewable generation, uses electricity as a fuel for vehicles, and as consumers become active participants in the energy supply chain. SCE believes that many aspects of this demonstration that prove successful project will be adapted quickly by California utilities in order to meet the state s ambitious policy goals for 2020, including the state s targets for Greenhouse Gas reductions, Zero Net Energy homes, the California Solar Initiative, Smart Metering Infrastructure, California s Renewable Portfolio Standard, Low Carbon Fuel Standard, and widespread consumer adoption of Plug-in Electric Vehicles. SCE is pleased to offer this proposal to participate in the DOE demonstration initiative by bringing together a full array of Smart Grid technologies from the transmission level through the distribution system and into the home, all in one geographical location representative of the greater Southern California region. This consolidated demonstration will make the interplay and integration of diverse, emerging energy and information technologies visible in a working system serving several thousand customers. To accomplish this objective, SCE s demonstration encompasses four key areas addressing a broad set of requirements (see Figure 1): 1 In April 2007, SCE s SmartConnect advanced meter program received an award for Smart Grid Implementation & Deployment Leadership at the DOE sponsored GridWeek conference. SCE s SmartConnect project received the 2007 Project of the Year Award from the Orange County Chapter of Project Management Institute (OC-PMI), for the second consecutive year. Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 3

6 Figure 1: Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration Site I. Energy Smart Customer Devices 1. ZNE Homes 2. PEV Charging at Work II. Y2020 Distribution System 3 - Distribution Circuit Constraint Management Using Energy Storage 4 - Enhanced Volt/VAR Control 5 - Self Healing Distribution Circuits 6 - Deep Grid Situational Awareness III. Secure Energy Internet (SENet) 7 - End-to-end cyber security and interoperability Jamboree Blvd. MacArthur Blvd. Note: Santiago Substation is not shown Energy Smart Customer Devices Demonstrate integration of various energy smart devices, appliances, home scale energy storage, photovoltaic solar systems and plug-in electric vehicles to achieve Zero Net Energy homes that can effectively integrate with the grid. Y2020 Distribution System Demonstrate the integration of game-changing energy technology such as advanced distribution automation utilizing looped circuit topology, advanced voltage/var control, advanced distribution equipment, smart metering, utility-scale energy storage, and dispatched renewable distributed generation (DG) that is dynamically linked to CAISO and consumer premises. Secure Energy Network (SENet) Develop and demonstrate the end-to-end management of a complex high performance telecommunication system linking CAISO to the SCE back office, to field networks and to energy smart devices in the home. This network will incorporate military grade cyber-security systems and it will provide a unified architecture for intra and inter-utility telecommunication. Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 4

7 Workforce of the Future Identify organizational impacts related to widescale adoption of ISGD technologies and future workforce skill requirements, education, training and tools. As part of this demonstration, SCE intends to leverage the functionality of its smart meter system, Edison Smart Connect. Smart metering is expected to be a key component of any future Smart Grid and SCE is scheduled to deploy smart meters in the city of Irvine in SCE expects to complete its 5 million SmartConnect meter deployment by the end of SCE is not seeking ARRA funds for its smart meter deployment. Although it is based primarily on currently available equipment, SCE intends to design the ISGD system to be flexible enough to accommodate additional, future technologies that may not yet be ready for inclusion. SCE is working with several national research laboratories, EPRI, and manufacturers to develop products from prototype testing to field demonstrations through commercialization. For example, SCE is separately working with manufacturers on high-temperature superconducting transformers and we anticipate the ability to integrate such a product into this demonstration at a later stage. Another opportunity to enhance this project is SCE s recent purchase of a 4 MWh battery storage unit that will be used to simulate bi-directional power flows on the 12kV distribution circuit. Accordingly, the investment made in the ISDG system by DOE and SCE will have the potential to serve as a test bed for additional future projects should SCE and the DOE agree to do so. In the area of people and processes, SCE is looking ahead to evaluate the consumer, workforce and organizational impacts of introducing a vast range of new technologies, customer programs and related operational process changes. SCE has engaged a consortium of universities to conduct research on the Energy Workforce of the 21 st Century and has conducted consumer research with leading design firms like IDEO. 2 In addition, SCE is actively engaged with community and state colleges geared toward producing job-ready technical workers with the skills needed to deploy Smart Grid technologies. Through actively working with these schools, we are preparing SCE s future engineering and technical workforce while providing jobs via paid college internships. Interoperability Standards and Cyber-Security SCE recognizes that advancing Smart Grid interoperability and security through adoption of appropriate standards fosters innovation and accelerates robust, secure and reliable technology deployments. This is achieved by lowering the barriers to entry for vendors, accelerating secure and interoperable product time to market, and ultimately lowering costs for consumers. Through collaboration with the proposal team members, SCE has developed an initial framework (see Figure 2) to build out the cyber security and interoperability architecture. 2 IDEO is a leading design and innovation consultancy based in Palo Alto, California. Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 5

8 Figure 2: Secure Smart Grid Common Operating Environment (S2GCOE) Others Transformer Cap Banks Storage Zigbee HMI-2 HMI-1 Legacy Devices Battery Monitoring Digital Fault Recorder PMU AVVC PC 12kv Relay 66kv Relay PMU URCI URCI URCI URCI External Interfaces Inter-Utility Gateway IEEE C /TASE2 Databridge for external access to M&V data User Interface Transmission/ Substation Control Distribution Control Load Control Phasor Gateway edna Historian FA Network Management Services Copyright 2009, Southern California Edison Before this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) was contemplated, SCE has been actively leading the industry effort for Plug-and-Play Interoperability from the generator to the customer, and everywhere in between. SCE s efforts have been recognized with awards from EPRI s Gridwise Architecture Council 3, and the Utility Planning Network. 4 SCE believes interoperability is a fundamental concept that is important for stimulating vendor competition, fostering innovation, and realizing lower costs. SCE also supports criteria that, where appropriate, call for future Smart Grid deployments and enhancements to be interoperable with existing capital investments. SCE believes the challenge in creating a Smart Grid system is developing a systems architecture and roadmap that provides a graceful transition from the existing systems to the future state. 3 EPRI recognized SCE as the 2006 Power Delivery & Markets Product Champion for its leadership role in the implementation of the IntelliGrid Architecture methodology and recommendation for SCE's Advanced Metering Infrastructure project. 4 Utility Planning Network - The Utility Planning Network (UPN), a membership-based peer group of utility professionals worldwide that facilitates the annual Metering Awards Program, recognized SCE's Edison SmartConnect Program Phase II for the Best Metering Data Integration Initiative. Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 6

9 Integration of New Technologies Before this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) was even contemplated, SCE was exploring the concept of a Smart Grid system that was premised on the idea of Plug-and-Play Interoperability from the generator to the customer, and everywhere in between. SCE believes this is a fundamental concept that is important for stimulating vendor competition, fostering innovation, and realizing lower costs. SCE also supports criteria that, where appropriate, call for future Smart Grid deployments and enhancements to be interoperable with existing capital investments. SCE believes the challenge in creating a Smart Grid system is developing a systems architecture and roadmap that provides a graceful transition from the existing systems to the future state. In the past, SCE explored substation and distribution automation, in partnership with the DOE, using the Avanti Circuit of the Future 5 as a test bed. SCE believes it is desirable to attempt to leverage existing infrastructure and systems as part of the overall design of the Smart Grid system as much as possible. This will require that the DOE and California regulators agree that such infrastructure can serve dual functions (i.e., support the Smart Grid and service utility ratepayers) without adversely impacting either. Computing systems and communications have evolved significantly over the past twenty-five years to the more user-friendly, service-oriented state that we know today. SCE believes that, by integrating existing legacy systems with new technology in a layered, loosely coupled architecture, the ability to evolve to the Smart Grid of the future is enabled while preserving the need to balance large capital costs in deployed infrastructure with customer rate impacts. People and Processes Utility staffs are aging, and significant numbers of skilled, experienced employees are expected to retire in the next few years. According to one recent survey, almost half (46%) of engineers among electric and natural gas companies could retire by This presents a huge challenge to utilities, who must find ways of preserving the skills and experience embodied in retiring baby boomers while also preparing the next generation of utility workers for the impacts of a digitally enabled Smart Grid. While the recent economic decline may cause some utility workers to postpone retirement, such a delay will be only temporary. SCE feels it is imperative to address the longer term implications of this issue through intelligent and targeted investments in our workforce. Over the ten to twenty year implementation phase of converting today s outmoded infrastructure over to the new smarter grid infrastructure, many new industries, jobs and career paths will be created. The Workforce Management segment of SCE s ISGD Demonstration will identify areas having the greatest impact on today s utility organization. As part of SCE s proposal, SCE will report to the DOE about how the utility worker, the utility organization, the Smart Grid ecosystem of companies that support utility operations and future college and university students must evolve to meet future economic growth. 5 The Avanti Circuit of the Future demonstration project was funded by the DOE. This project used an existing SCE circuit as a study platform for demonstrating the most advanced distribution circuit technology available at the time (i.e., three to six years ago). The Avanti Circuit first began showcasing these technologies in It is located in the Inland Empire region of Southern California, which was the fastest growing U.S. urban area at that time. Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 7

10 1. Project Objectives SCE s Smart Grid Business Objectives SCE envisions a Smart Grid that leverages advancements in energy technologies, such as distributed wind and solar generators and new energy storage technologies. We foresee an increasingly intelligent and highly automated electric power system in the future; a system that utilizes advancements in communications, computing, sensing, and control technologies. Our demonstration project is being designed to meet the following objectives, which were identified in the FOA: Quantification of Smart Grid costs and benefits in terms of overall energy consumption, operational efficiencies, and societal/environmental benefits. Validation of SCE s Smart Grid vision to provide measured results that are scaleable to other heavily populated regions of the country. Verification of the viability of Smart Grid energy technology in an integrated environment involving eight specific sub-project areas (to be described in the following section on Project Approach). Figure 3 depicts benefit categories the ISGD demonstration will cover. This breadth and depth of the approach allows the DOE to discover, in a living laboratory, the drivers of a diverse range of benefits. The benefits, measurement and verification approach are discussed further in the PMP Section 9. Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 8

11 Figure 3: Areas Defining ISGD Business Objectives Category Information Reported Example Calculations Supported Project 1: ZNE Home Project 2: PEV Shade Project 3: Substation Battery Project 4: Greener Circuit Project 5: Looped Circuit Project 7: Deep Awareness Project 7: SENet Project 8: Future Workforce Monthly electricity cost by consumer ($) Consumer electricity cost X X X X Electricity End Use T&D Performance Energy Resources Hourly consumption by customer (kwh) Consumer electricity cost X X X X T&D capacity deferral X X X X X Tariff description by customer Consumer electricity cost X X X Demographic and other information affecting demand Consumer electricity cost X X X Consumer electricity cost X X X Smart Appliances in use T&D capacity deferral X X X X Cost savings to customers associated with fewer outages X X X X X Incentive payments to utilities through performance based rates for reliability X X X X X System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) Cost savings associated with restoring service X X X X X Cost savings to customers associated with shorter outages X X X X X Incentive payments to utilities through performance beased rates for reliability X X X X X Cost savings to customers associated with fewer Momentary Average Interruption disturbances X X X X X Frequency Index (MAIFI) Cost savings to utilities from longer equipment life due to less exposure to fault current X X X X X Cost of generation for lost energy X X X X X X T&D System Losses (MWh) Pollutant emissions from lost energy X X X X X X Activity Based O&M Expenses Equipment failure incidents Transmission capability (MW) Load served by distributed energy resources (MWh) Cost efficiencies from automated operations and maintenance X Capital cost of replacing equipment X X X X O&M cost for repair X X X X Value of incremental transfer capability gained without building additional transmission capacity X X X X Cost of centrally generated energy avoided X X X Pollutant emissions from cnetral generation and lost energy avoided X X X Cost of generation for lost energy X X X Cost of central generation avoided Comnbined Heat & Power Installed (MW) Pollutant emissions and cost of generation from lost energy avoided Cost of central generation avoided X X X Capacity and energy served by renewable energy resources (MW and MWh) Pollutant emissions from cnetral generation and lost energy avoided X X X Cost of generation for lost energy X X X Cost of acillary services avoided X X X X Average heat rate of system generation (BTU/MWe) Electricity consumed by electric vehicles (MWh) Capacity from electric vehicles Pollutant emissions from central generation X X Cost of central generation avoided X X Reduced oil consumption X X X X Cost of central generation avoided X X X Pollutant emissions from central generation and lost energy avoided X X X Cost of generation for lost energy X X X Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 9

12 SCE s Smart Grid demonstration will enable the DOE to study how standards and technologies need to mature in order to encourage and support the use of intermittent and renewable resources such as wind and solar power. By increasing system flexibility, a smarter electric grid could spark greater use of plugin electric vehicles. All of these technologies will reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions. Economic losses associated with catastrophic failures and wide-area blackouts can be avoided, and a smarter grid will foster energy conservation, energy efficiency and demand response capabilities by providing customers with better energy use information and choices. Additionally, a utility s improved operations and maintenance practices will help facilitate a Clean Tech economy, which is expected to include the creation of new jobs in California and across the nation. Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 10

13 2. Merit Review Criterion Discussion 2.1 Project Approach National and California state objectives are focused on achieving significant carbon emission reductions. Meeting these objectives will require efficient use of electricity on the part of the consumer, efficient integration of distributed and renewable energy resources, efficient plug-in electric vehicle use, and efficient energy storage systems. The widespread, cost effective deployment of these technologies requires almost a fundamental re-thinking of electric power systems, and the incorporation of two-way power flows into system protection strategies. By the year 2020, new operational strategies and technologies will be needed to provide safe, economic, efficient, and reliable electric service in the electric distribution system as well as integration with overall power system operations. As noted above, these are key elements of SCE s proposed demonstration project. SCE is very familiar with many of the individual elements required to complete the ISGD project, combining several components (i.e. Zero Net Energy home, plug-in vehicle integration, etc.) that have been discretely planned for sometime with our efforts on development of interoperability and cyber security standards. SCE recognized the opportunity to create an integrated demonstration to evaluate these individually and collectively from a systems perspective. This approach allows SCE to validate its utility industry reference Smart Grid systems engineering based designs in a practical demonstration. Since SCE has made most of its business cases and Smart Grid designs (e.g., use cases) many utilities in the U.S. and internationally use SCE s designs and test results for their own systems. Therefore, this project has the potential to be a key national reference test bed for interoperability and cyber security standards and electric system design. As described, much of the planning for the individual elements of this project has already been completed and this FOA provides a timely opportunity to combine these separate parts into an integrated system on a far more aggressive timetable than would otherwise be possible. Based on these past efforts, SCE s proposed project is shovel-ready since much of the infrastructure needed for the demonstration project is in place (and being used to serve SCE s customers). Further, the advanced technology that will be incorporated as part of this demonstration project has been identified, as further discussed below. The demonstration will attempt to verify the viability of Smart Grid energy technology in the following eight subproject areas: Energy Smart Customer Devices Subproject 1 - Evaluating Zero Net Energy (ZNE) Homes Subproject 2 - Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) Charging at Work Y2020 Distribution System Subproject 3 - Distribution Circuit Constraint Management Using Energy Storage Subproject 4 - Enhanced Circuit Efficiency and Power Quality through Volt/VAR Control Subproject 5 - Self Healing Distribution Circuits Subproject 6 - Deep Grid Situational Awareness (for transmission operators using phasor technology) Secure Energy Network (SENet) Subproject 7 - Demonstrating end-to-end cyber security and interoperability of three primary networks inter-utility, intra-utility and field area Workforce of the Future Subproject 8 - Identify the organizational impacts and educational curriculum development to produce the next generation utility worker Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 11

14 Sub-Project 1 Evaluating Zero Net Energy (ZNE) Homes Zero net energy (ZNE) is a concept applied to a building that has incorporated energy efficiency (EE) measures to greatly reduce consumption, with enough on-site generation capability to offset the remaining energy use over the course of a year. To cope with fluctuations in demand, ZNE buildings are envisioned as being connected to the electric grid, exporting electricity to the grid when there is a surplus, and drawing electricity from the grid when not enough electricity is being produced. The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) has set an aspirational goal for all new homes sold in 2020 and beyond to be ZNE, through the use of renewable resources and aggressive energy efficiency targets. 6 As a result, new requirements, such as two-way power flow will likely be placed on electric distribution systems in the near future. This sub-project is being designed to better understand the pressures that will be placed on distribution circuits as residential loads are reduced through aggressive EE measures and smart appliances, and further altered through the addition of on-site generation (primarily solar and wind), PEV (plug-in electric vehicle) and energy storage systems. Additionally, the feasibility of managing a home s demands on the electric grid through various home automation methods will be explored. Sub-Project 1 Approach Given the CPUC's intention to encourage the California Energy Commission (CEC) to include ZNE in the 2020 California Building Energy Efficiency Standards, with only a few 3-year code cycles to achieve this goal, each cycle is anticipated to set fairly aggressive requirements. This sub-project will look at the evolution of the energy efficiency requirements, as well as the evolution of the Smart Grid enabled technologies between now and Because the 2011, 2014 and 2017 code cycles will dictate the efficiency levels, the incremental steps will be guided by these cycles, with projections of 2012, 2015, and 2020 homes being modeled to reflect likely changes in the years following the code changes. Estimates for energy efficiency have been derived based on the CEC s goals and projections of the market adoption. The table below highlights the incremental differences between each vintage. Figure 4: Evolution of Energy Efficiency Requirements Test Case Energy Efficiency Level Above 2005 Title 24 Home Area Network 7 PV EVSE PEV Noncommunicating Home Storage PEV Communicating # of Homes Control % Yes Yes % Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ZNE 65% Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 10 6 See California Long Term Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan - Extensive documentation of the materials developed though the strategic planning process is available at: 7 Home Area Network includes: In-home Displays, Programmable, Controllable Thermostats, Energy Management Systems, Smart Appliances, and Edison SmartConnect meters Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 12

15 Subproject 1 Conceptual Design A total of 40 homes will be monitored for this project, with each of four test cases consisting of 10 homes. For the purposes of this project, the technology in the 10 control test case homes will not be modified, nor include customer behavioral changes. These homes will serve as the baseline to evaluate grid impact changes from energy efficiency and Smart Grid technologies. For the other three test cases, the homes will be retrofitted with the Smart Grid technologies and devices that are expected to be prevalent in the years 2012, 2015 and The 2012 case assumes a reduction in energy consumption of 35% from the reference code (2005 Title 24), as well as limited implementation of Home Are Network (HAN) devices due to emerging market penetration and product availability. The 2015 case acknowledges increased product availability and technology enhancements (e.g., PEVs), and further reduction in energy consumption to 55% beyond code. The 2020 case is envisioned to incorporate enough energy efficiency, estimated at 65% beyond reference code, that ZNE is achievable. Additionally, the 2020 case incorporates all assumed technology deployment and availability, and ratification of standards regarding connectors, communication protocols, interconnections, and interoperability ensuring both national and international adoption of the technologies. The energy consumption of homes is highly variable, and even identical homes can have significantly different profiles. Therefore the energy efficiency levels indicated in the table can not easily be attributed to exact measures. The following list of measures will likely be present in any Energy Efficiency improvements, with greater levels of efficiency as the homes draw closer to ZNE: Lighting highly efficient lamps, controls, and solid state lighting. HVAC improved efficiency through optimizing for climate and right-sizing units to meet load. Building envelope increasing levels of insulation, cool roof materials, better glazing systems, and/or selective films resulting in reduced heating and cooling loads. Swimming pools high efficiency, variable speed pool pumps. For the purposes of the ZNE sub-project, non-carbon based generation involves photovoltaic renewable generation and energy storage: Photovoltaic systems a renewable resource that generates electricity from sunlight. Energy Storage Incorporates automotive derivative lithium-ion batteries to store both renewable and off-peak grid energy for use during on-peak demand periods, and can be used as an uninterruptible power supply device. Intelligent inverters- ability to provide full four quadrant power delivery. For the purposes of the ZNE sub-project dispatchable measures, in-home automation and grid connectivity involves the following functionality and components: Edison SmartConnect meter two-way communication from back-office to the home, and enables the HAN. In-home Displays (IHD) provides the customer with information to make intelligent energy usage choices. The pilot will present an opportunity to investigate third party access to customer data using alternative communication media (e.g., Internet). Programmable Communicating Thermostat (PCT) allows the utility and the customer to save energy upon receipt of messages from the utility. Provides data to validate demand response program results. Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 13

16 Home Energy Management System (EMS) provides central control of whole house energy consumption and communicates with all HAN devices through the Internet. Smart Appliances - Provides data to validate demand response load shifting program results, and customer savings. Smart Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) The smart EVSE enables vehicle battery charging and communicates with the Edison SmartConnect meter and the vehicle to respond to pricing signals and EMS directions. It is a unique hard-wired device that incorporates an electrical personal protection device (e.g., GFCI), a sub-meter, communication system, cord-set and connector. The anticipated timeline, milestones, and work breakdown structure for this sub-project are included in the Project Management Plan (Field 12 of the FOA response). Anticipated Team roles are discussed in Section 7 of this narrative. Sub-Project 2 - Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) Charging at Work While the energy impact of Electric Transportation in 2010 will be negligible, SCE estimates that by 2020 it may account for up to 11% of SCE s total annual load. New rate designs will provide economic incentives for PEV owners to charge their vehicles off-peak. Owners of limited range PEVs who want to minimize petroleum consumption but have round-trip range anxiety will seek daytime charging opportunities. However, uncontrolled daytime PEV charging may have significant load impacts on the grid. This sub-project will evaluate the functional and beneficial attributes of integrated photovoltaic and energy storage systems designed for daytime PEV charging at locations away from the home. The objective is to achieve zero grid impact results through smart PEV charging strategies, renewable energy resources, and energy storage systems during work hours leading to sustainable transportation solutions. The results could bridge the consumer adoption gap and facilitate strong U.S. sales of PEVs. Sub-Project 2 Approach Sub-project 2 will install solar shades (car ports with roof mounted photovoltaic (PV) generators) above commercial parking spaces in a designated commercial site in the City of Irvine. The PV arrays would be complemented by a stationary battery storage system. The battery smoothes the load curve by charging from the PVs and from off-peak grid energy for use during on-peak periods and cloudy days. The performance of the PVs and the battery storage systems will be evaluated under three separate scenarios: a) the PV capability only; b) the storage capability only; and c) both capabilities combined. Sub-Project 2 Conceptual Design This sub-project proposes to install 3,200 square feet of solar shades above commercial parking spaces in a designated Irvine site. The installation would cover approximately 20 parking spaces with a carport roof on which photovoltaic arrays generate renewable energy during daylight hours. Atop the solar shade will be 48 kw of PVs and generate approximately 220 kwh per day. Design assumptions include 20 PEV charging spaces with 60% utilization factor (i.e., 12 PEVs). Charging capacity is an average of 5 kw for vehicles with on-board chargers served by smart electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) devices. The smart EVSEs contain communication systems to send and receive messages to and from an Edison SmartConnect meter, and possibly an energy management system. The PV arrays will also be complemented by a stationary energy storage system that uses derivative automotive lithium-ion batteries sized for up to 50 kw power output and a 90 kwh capacity. The battery smoothes the load curve by charging from the PVs and off-peak grid energy for use during on-peak periods and cloudy days. Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 14

17 The anticipated timeline, milestones, and work breakdown structure for this sub-project are included in the Project Management Plan (Field 12 of the FOA response). Anticipated Team roles are discussed in Section 7 of this narrative. Sub-Project 3 Distribution Circuit Constraint Management Using Energy Storage Distribution circuits which were originally designed for one way power flow are increasing called upon to support two way power flow associated with distributed energy resources, including renewable sources which may have variable output. Looped and networked circuit topologies are being explored as alternatives to the traditional radial design of these circuits. Such topologies also introduce two way current flows. Two-way power flow presents a technical challenge for traditional methods of voltage regulation and protection. Utilities have limited experience with operating distribution circuits in this manner. Models and control strategies are in need of further development to support deployment of distributed renewable sources while maintaining acceptable voltage behavior. This project will use a recently purchased transportable 1 MWh bi-directional energy storage device capable of delivering up to 2 MW, which can be connected to various locations on a distribution circuit outside the substation, to explore control and protection strategies with significant reverse power flow capability. Sub-Project 3 Approach This project involves two distribution circuits which can be operated either radially, or as a single loop, allowing the exploration of various strategies in both configurations. The heavy loads at the circuit getaways could be relieved by temporarily supplying a portion of the load at the far end of the circuit with a large portable battery. Portability would allow the large capital investment in the battery to be utilized for a temporary period at numerous locations as peak load conditions shift over time or until the circuit configuration can be permanently modified. Sub-Project 3 Conceptual Design The test system will consist of two 2MW / 0.5MWh battery units in two 53 foot transportable cargo containers and an interconnection skid, allowing connection of a real power source and sink at various locations along the two looped circuits. The battery based inverter allows extensive testing in a quiet, environmentally benign manner. A number of proposed interconnection locations with accessible bushings will be included in the Arnold 12kV circuit design and retrofitted on the Rommel 12kV circuit. Test procedures will be developed, in cooperation with DOE representatives, and executed to demonstrate control and protection strategies for distribution circuits with substantial reverse power flow and intermittent power flow characteristics. The use of bi-directional power flow for circuit peak load relief will also be demonstrated. The anticipated timeline, milestones, and work breakdown structure for this sub-project are included in the Project Management Plan (Field 12 of the FOA response). Anticipated Team roles are discussed in Section 7 of this narrative. Sub-Project 4 Enhanced Circuit Efficiency and Power Quality through Volt/VAR Control A major source of avoidable energy loss in our present power system comes from providing end-use Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 15

18 devices and appliances with higher voltage than they need for optimally efficient operation. The CPUC requires that State regulated utilities provide voltage to customers in the lower half of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) allowable range (114 to 126 Volts). This is known as Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR). Present technology for achieving this relies on old technology, whose focus is only to keep the voltage in this lower range rather than trying to optimize the voltage at the customer premise. Emerging technology provides an opportunity to achieve superior CVR control and realize important energy savings and CO2 reductions. This approach may prove to be one of the most costeffective options available. It meshes with the objectives of EPRI s Green Circuits program, and the findings should have world-wide application. SCE s experience with the Distribution Capacitor Automation Program (DCAP), its advanced deployment of AMI meters, and the Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC) on the Avanti circuit, make SCE a prime candidate to advance this development. Sub-Project 4 Approach Sub-Project 4 will seek to reduce overall customer voltage and associated energy use. SCE will utilize the latest in Smart Grid technologies incorporating additional intelligence from the AMI meters that provide customer voltage, thus enabling better feedback to the control programs. This additional information will help tune the distribution voltage and VAR flows that will reduce energy consumption by an estimated two percent. This will be accomplished by intelligently turning on and off field and substation capacitors to optimize voltage reduction as well as introducing smart inverter coupled with Distributed Energy Resources devices that can assist in achieving lower line losses. Sub-Project 4 Conceptual Design An Advanced Volt VAR Control (AVVC) system will be piloted at the MacArthur distribution substation and on the looped Arnold and Rommel circuits. The AVVC is based on the DCAP which was successfully piloted in the early 1990s. DCAP was not economic to pursue with the technology available at the time. The AVVC will utilize the new SmartConnect AMI meters as distributed voltage sensors, and will rely on emerging Distributed Energy Resources (DER) including PV, for VAR support. Using Smart Inverter technology and radio communication will allow such DER to provide practical VAR support to the grid. The goal is a lower and flatter voltage profile that will allow more aggressive CVR without compromising VAR support for the transmission system. It is anticipated that this sub project could reduce the required energy supply by 1% to 4%, at the grid level. A secondary objective will be to minimize VAR flow and its associated losses on the distribution circuits. Sub-Project 4 is comprised of the following five elements: A DCAP-like program will be executed on one of the two operating busses at the MacArthur substation using a dedicated PC with links to field devices and the SmartConnect meters. This will bring in voltage measurements from SmartConnect meters, Remote Control Switch (RCS), Field Capacitors, and Universal Remote Control Interrupters (URCIs). A simple table-based program will be supplied with empirical voltage rise values for each switched capacitor, including substation bus capacitors, and determine optimum capacitor operation for controlling the voltage profile. Performance will be compared to the circuits on the other operating bus which uses existing control methods. As smart inverter devices become available, they will be incorporated in the scheme. A larger number of smaller switched capacitors may be deployed to achieve the desired flat profile. It may prove easier to gain siting and easements for these smaller green boxes. Community storage devices, consisting of a storage battery and rectifier/inverter in a pad mount similar to a distribution transformer and able to supply and absorb real and reactive power, will also be deployed and tested under this project. These community storage devices will be rated 25 kva and 50 kwh. Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 16

19 Finally, further tests will be conducted to compare a decentralized AVVC approach in which a substation computer, operating on a time scale of minutes in each substation, controls all reactive power assets associated with the substation in closed loop manner. A centralized approach will be used in which the devices operate autonomously, with the centralized AVVC observing their performance, recalculating more optimal settings, and downloading these new settings to the field devices on a daily basis. Like many utilities, SCE is currently developing specifications for a new Distribution Management System (DMS) which is expected to include the AVVC function. These tests will assist in that development. Sub-Project 5 Self Healing Distribution Circuits Today s distribution circuits are almost all radial by design for reasons of simplicity, flexibility, and cost. With today's technology, when a radial circuit experiences a fault caused outage, the entire circuit looses power until a manual switching process can be completed. With a Smart Grid looped circuit, the fault could be isolated automatically in less time than it takes for the circuit breaker at the substation to trip, thus allowing the remainder of the circuit to be fed independently from both supply ends of the circuit with little or no loss of power to most customers on the circuit. Looped primary circuits could reduce losses and improve reliability if cost-effective solutions suitable for easy retrofit on existing circuits were available. Sub-Project 5 Approach This project will demonstrate a method for looping two 12 kv distribution circuits based on a conceptual Universal Remote Controlled Interrupter (URCI) which will isolate any fault to the section of the loop between two URCIs without the rest of the loop experiencing any interruption. The URCIs will be composed of available components for this demonstration. A future commercial URCI is conceived as being able to replace any 600 Ampere switch and integrate into the distribution system automatically via radio communications. Protective permissive and blocking function communications will be implemented using radio communications to avoid the cost and inflexibility of fiber. Sub-Project 5 Conceptual Design The new Arnold 12 kv distribution circuit out of the MacArthur substation in Irvine, scheduled for completion by summer of 2010, will be looped with the existing Rommel circuit. At least four URCIs will be incorporated in this loop. Radio communications for protective functions may require the installation of repeaters or smart routers. The use of proprietary technology will be minimized in support of interoperability goals. The system should be fully operational by 2011, allowing three or four years of operational experience under this project. Sub-Project 6 Deep Grid Situational Awareness As California implements the Market Redesign and Technology Upgrade (MRTU) 8 and other legislative energy market rules are promulgated, third party energy and service providers will begin to enter the market to provide services to utilities at the distribution level. For load flow planning purposes, the 8 Market Redesign and Technology Upgrade (MRTU) is a comprehensive program that enhances grid reliability and fixes flaws in the ISO markets. It keeps California compatible with market designs that are working throughout North America and replaces aging technology with modern computer systems that keep pace with the dynamic needs of California's energy industry. The program launched March 31, Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 17

20 California Independent System Operator (CAISO will need an accurate and reliable, real-time method to monitor load shifts resulting from services rendered by third party providers. Under present market conditions, such load shifts can only be verified after the fact from actual recorded interval load data available from the customer s (or energy provider s) monitoring system. This sub-project will demonstrate that the real-time data collected by the transmission level Phasor Monitoring Unit (PMU) sensors can provide this information with the accuracy, timeliness and reliability needed by energy market managers, like CAISO. Sub-Project 6 Approach The objective of this project is to show that the enhanced information (synchro-phasor based data) provided at the transmission substation adequately represents the effect of the planned distributed energy resources (DER) and distribution automation (DA) load increases or decreases. This demonstration will verify the accuracy and efficacy of PMU data at the Transmission and Distribution Substations to reflect the load curtailments and operations at the Distribution circuit level. Sub-Project 6 Conceptual Design System loads will be measured by phasor monitoring equipment at both Santiago and MacArthur substations. At Santiago the installation will be part of a new Phasor Monitoring and Grid Stability System which was recently approved in SCE s 2009 General Rate Case (GRC). At MacArthur substation, new relays being installed as part of an automation upgrade will be integrated with a dedicated phasor data concentrator. These devices will then forward the aggregated data to the Phasor Data Concentrator system for analysis and storage. This data will then be compared to the Distributed Energy Resource (DER) and Demand Side Management (DSM) information available from the customer s (or energy provider s) monitoring system. This will allow for the comparison of monitored load drop at Santiago with actual DR/DSM load reduction at MacArthur Substation, thus either confirming or refuting the third party monitored information. Sub-Project 7 Demonstrating End-to-End Cyber Security and Interoperability Communications between Smart Grid devices and the utility that incorporates the appropriate level of cyber-security is a basic requirement. The Smart Grid requires linkage between more than 3,100 utilities across eight electric reliability regions to support U.S. energy policy as described in the 2007 EISA, Title XIII. A secure communications infrastructure to link regional transmission and utility operations across the U.S. to provide the essential information technology backbone for a Smart Grid is needed. Finally, establishing secure computer networks between the regional transmission operators and utility operations using commercially available Internet technology is essential. If successful, this project will provide the basis for utilizing commercially available internet technologies for secure communications with and between Smart Grid technologies. The nationally deployable architecture can inform standards and accelerate Smart Grid deployment efforts. With this demonstration, SCE and its team members will be able to test and optimize network communications among multiple, integrated Smart Grid technologies. Sub-Project 7 Approach This sub-project includes the design and demonstration of a unified telecommunications infrastructure to link regional transmission and distribution operations considering; Inter-utility, Intra-utility and Field area. System/data interoperability and cyber security will be primary Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (Southern California Edison Company s Smart Grid Demonstration Project) 18