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1 PUBLICATIONS CATALOGUE CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DES GRANDS RESEAUX ELECTRIQUES INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON LARGE ELECTRIC SYSTEMS 21 RUE D ARTOIS, F PARIS Tel : + (0) Fax + 33 (0) January/janvier 2003 PRICE LIST

2 Les prix membres et non membres de l'association sont indiqués en Euros Member and non-member prices are indicated in Euros Membership enquiries: e.mail Les prix affichés sont des prix HT. Une TVA de 5,5% pour des publications ou de % pour des CD-Roms est applicable à la France et aux organismes des pays de la CEE qui ne fournissent pas de numéro d identification intracommunautaire (NIF). Les autres pays règlent le prix HT. The prices given are tax free. VAT of 5,5% for publications and % for CD Roms is applied to France and organisations from EEC countries who do not provide a VAT registration number. Other countries are tax free. Envoyer vos commandes à : Send your orders to: Christine Poljakovic Mail Order Sales Manager CIGRE, 21 rue d'artois, F Paris Renseignements/Enquiries Ligne directe/direct phone : + 33 (0) Fax : + 33 (0) sales-meetings@cigre.org ou/or christine.poljakovic@cigre.org Standard/Switchboard : + 33 (0) Internet : Un formulaire de commande est inclus dans cette brochure An order form is included in this brochure Une participation aux frais d'expédition peut être demandée suivant le poids et la destination A participation in forwarding costs may be requested according to weight and distance Envoi par avion + 15 % / Air-mailing + 15 % Factures sur demande / Invoices on request Paiement de votre commande/payment of your order CHECKS must be in Euros drawn on a BANK LOCATED IN FRANCE otherwise the check will be returned. TRANSFERS from your Bank to our Bank should be free of any charges for us CIGRE copyright Ownership of a CIGRE publication, whether in paper form or on electronic support only infers right of use for personal purposes. Are prohibited, except if explicitly agreed by CIGRE, total or partial reproduction of the publication for use other than personal or transfer to a third party; hence circulation on any intranet or other company network is forbidden.

3 TABLE DES MATIERES/CONTENTS A1 3 MACHINES ELECTRIQUES TOURNANTES/ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES... 3 A2 3 TRANSFORMATEURS/TRANSFORMERS... 3 A3 3 EQUIPEMENT A HAUTE TENSION... 3 HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT... 3 B1 4 CABLES ISOLES/INSULATED CABLES... 4 B2 5 LIGNES AÉRIENNES/OVERHEAD LINES... 5 B3 7 POSTES/SUBSTATIONS... 7 B4 9 CCHT ET ELECTRONIQUE DE PUISSANCE... 9 HVDC AND POWER ELECTRONICS... 9 B5 12 PROTECTION ET AUTOMATISME PROTECTIONS AND AUTOMATIONS C1 14 DEVELOPPEMENT ET ECONOMIE DES RESEAUX SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMICS C2 15 CONDUITE ET EXPLOITATION DES RESEAUX SYSTEM CONTROLE AND OPERATION D1 16 MATERIAUX ET TECHNOLOGIES EMERGENTES MATERIALS AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES EX CE/SC COORDINATION DE L ISOLEMENT DES RESEAUX D ENERGIE POWER SYSTEM INSULATION COORDINATION D2 17 SYSTEMES D INFORMATION ET TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS EX CE/SC COMPATIBILITE ELECTROMAGNETIQUE DES RESEAUX D'ENERGIE POWER SYSTEM ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY EX CE/SC ANALYSE ET TECHNIQUE DES RESEAUX POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND TECHNIQUES DOCUMENTS DIVERS 25 OTHER DOCUMENTS 25 ELECTRA 25 PROCEEDINGS 26 COMPTE-RENDU 26 SYMPOSIUMS 27 INDEX 30 DISPONIBILITÉ DE NOS BROCHURES SUR INTERNET / AVAILABILITY OF OUR BROCHURES ON INTERNET 34 BONS DE COMMANDE/ORDER FORMS 36 Catalogue des publications Cigré * TVA à ajouter pour les pays concernés 2

4 A1 MACHINES ELECTRIQUES TOURNANTES/ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES ex CE/SC 11 MACHINES TOURNANTES ROTATING MACHINES Report on large turbine generator maintenance practices. Preventive maintenance of generators is an important contribution to the improvement of their availability. The number and nature of the maintenance tasks as well as the periodicity depend largely upon the machine type, its design and its duty type. These practices are generally agreed between the manufacturer and the user. CE/SC 11 GT/WG 01, 1987, 38 pp. Ref. No Euros A2 40 Euros TRANSFORMATEURS/TRANSFORMERS ex CE/SC 12 TRANSFORMATEURS/TRANSFORMERS Aspects thermiques des transformateurs. Thermal aspects of transformers. Contains chapters on : Heat run test procedure; Direct measurement of the hot-spot temperature; A survey of facts and opinions; Lifetime evaluation; Dissolved gas analysis; Analytical determination of winding hot spot factor; Experimental determination of power transformer hot spot factor; Survey of power transformer overload field practices. CE/SC 12 GT/WG 09, 1995, 180 pp. Ref. No. 96 bilingue/bilingual 23 Euros Guide for customers specifications for transformers 100 MVA and 123 kv and above. This document has been prepared as an aid to customers and manufacturers of power transformers in the preparation of specifications for purchasing transformers. Its aim is to highlight some of the important topics that should be considered for includion in an enquiry document. Wherever possible guidance and other practical information about such topics are provided to explain their purpose and significance in transformer enquiries. Clearly it is not possible to address all the issues that may arise. Neither is the document in any way intended to be a complete and applicable specification , 0, 75 pp. Ref. No Euros 48 Euros Effect of particles on transformer dielectric strength. The effect of particles on the dielectric strength of insulating oil has long been recognized by researchers and much effort has been devoted in attempts to characterize this effect. However, only few experiments have been carried out with insulated electrodes and even then, the extrapolation from test set-up to full-size transformers is very difficult given the effect of the oil volume on the probability of breakdown. CE/SC12 GT/WG 17, 2000, 44 pp. Ref. No. 157 Static electrification in power transformers 12 Euros 24 Euros Inerfacial phenomena; methods and devices including test set-ups with plane flow or rotating flow, filter methods; CIGRE test cell : method and device, numerical flow calculation, time characteristic of leakage current, impact of liquid and solid insulating components; mini-static tester : repeatability and reproducibility, impact of temperature and moisture. Evaluation of methods. Standardisation of methods. References /15.13, 2000, 84 pp. Ref. No Euros 42 Euros Guidelines for conducting design reviews for transformers 100 MVA and 123 kv and above. A guide to customers of power transformers for conducting design reviews with manufacturers. A design review is a planned exercise to ensure there is a common understanding of the applicable standards and specification requirements, and to provide an opportunity to scrutinise the design to ensure the requirements will be met, using the manufacturer's proven materials and methodology. The document does not include design limits or parameters. CE/SC 12 GT/WG 22, 2002, 20 pp. Ref. No ,00 Euros 26,00 Euros The short circuit performance of power transformers. Service conditions-questionnaire et conclusions. Design calculations: magnetic field and force calculations; mechanical stress calculations. Design review procedure; description of radial and axial forces; manufacturing issues; references. Monitoring: winding movement detection techniques, standardisation and optimisation techniques, problems of interpretation, winding slackness, on-line monitoring, recommendations, references. Includes: questionnaire, summary of responses, detailed information on failures. CE/SC 12 GT/WG 19, 2002, 44 pp. Ref. No ,00 Euros 26,00 Euros A3 EQUIPEMENT A HAUTE TENSION HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT ex CE/SC 13 APPAREILLAGE DE COUPURE/SWITCHING EQUIPMENT Line-charging current switching of HV lines. Stresses and testing. Parts 1 & 2. The brochure deals mainly with line-charging current switching for voltages 72.5 kv and above, by circuit-breakers and switches, provided the latter have a limited time spread between pole contact parting. It does not deal with medium-voltage linecharging current switching even if the basic phenomena are the same. CE/SC 13 GT/WG 03, 1996, 60 pp. Ref. No. 47 Interruption of small inductive currents. This brochure contains the ELECTRA articles prepared by WG13.02 and it aims at presenting the theoretical background to * VAT 5.5 % for countries concerned Catalog of Cigre Publications

5 IEC The test circuits and test procedures prescribed in the IEC report differ somewhat from those proposed by Since they are in principle equivalent, the IEC proposals have been adopted in this brochure. When new experience is available this is taken into account. CE/SC 13 GT/WG 02, 1995, 232 pp. Ref. No. 50 Rapport final de la seconde enquête inter-nationale sur les défaillances et les défauts des disjoncteurs à HT. Final report of the second international enquiry on HV circuit-breaker failures and defects in service. The studies include items such as : Use of diagnostics; Maintenance policy; System reliability study data; Kind of operating mechanism; Comparison of metal enclosed versus non metal enclosed reliability; Impact on testing; SF6 gas leakages. CE/SC 13 GT/WG 06, 1994, 176 pp. Ref. No. 83 bilingue/bilingual 15 Euros Circuit-breakers for meshed multiterminal HVDC system. Final Report. HVDC multiterminal (MTDC) Systems permit the exchange of energy between a number of HVDC substations. The particular advantage of the meshed system is that this exchange can continue even when one of the interconnecting lines is out of service. Investigations have shown that the performance of MTDC systems can be improved by installing HVDC circuitbreakers at appropriate locations. CE/SC 13 GT/WG13/14.08, 1997, 115 pp. Ref. No Euros Transient recovery voltages in medium voltage networks. Items considered : TRV and circuit configuration ; TRV for the first, second and third pole to clear ; Collection of TRV field data ; TRV under short line fault ; TRV in case of transformer fed faults ; TRV in cade of series reactor limited faults ; TRV in case of faults at the secondary side of transformers ; clearing faults near capacitor banks ; arc-circuit interaction ; topology of test circuits to represent realistic system conditions. 13 CC-03, 1998, 113 pp. Ref. No Euros 54 Euros State of the art of circuit-breaker modelling. A comprehensive overview on the state of the art. An edition which is a compilation of three reports: Practical application of arc physics in circuit-breakers. Survey of calculation methods and application guide ; Applications of black box modelling to circuit-breakers ; and, Survey on analytical and graphical tools for circuit-breaker behaviour description. 13 GT/WG 13.01, 1998, 90 pp. Ref. No Euros 42 Euros Life management of circuit-breakers. Current life experience of high and medium voltage circuitbreakers of older and current design; determination and evaluation of residual life expectancy, possibilities and procedures; risk assessment; possibilites for life extension such as monitoring, maintenance procedures, availability and maintainability; testing; economic impact taking into account additional expenditures of preventive measures, reduction of reliability etc; legal, environmental and strategic aspects; changes in network condition. CE/SC 13 08, 2000, 140 pp. Ref. No Euros 48 Euros User guide for the application of monitoring and diagnostic techniquesfor switching equipment for rated voltages of 72.5 kv and above. Condition monitoring and diagnostic techniques are playing an increasingly important role in the design, life cycle cost evaluation, commissioning, operation, maintenance and end of life determination of substation equipment. Users need guidance on the applicability and implications of the various techniques and how their benefits can be evaluated.the report gives guidelines for the application of monitoring and diagnostic techniques covering all switching technologies and including disconnectors and earthing switches as well as circuit-breakers , 2000, 160 pp. Ref. No Euros B1 CABLES ISOLES/INSULATED CABLES ex CE/SC 21 CABLES ISOLES A HAUTE TENSION HV INSULATED CABLES Capacités de transport des câbles pour les régimes de charge cycliques et de secours d'urgence. Current ratings of cables for cyclic and emergency loads. Le document donne des méthodes pour le calcul des facteurs de charge cyclique et pour celui de la réponse d'un câble à l'application brusque d'un échelon de charge. The document provides methods for calculating rating factors for cyclic loads and for calculating the response of a cable to a suddenly applied step function load. CE/SC 21 GT/WG 02, 1976, 35 pp. Ref. No. 5 bilingue/bilingual 17 Euros 34 Euros Accessoires pour câbles HT à isolation synthétique. Accessories for HV extruded cables. Types of accessories and terminology. This work categorises the types of accessory designs available for use on HV cables with extruded insulation for AC transmission voltages of 60 kv and above. The typical types of extruded cable insulation being low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) and ethylene propylene rubber (EPR). CE/SC 21 GT/WG 06, 1994, 100 pp. Ref. No. 89 bilingue/bilingual 17 Euros 34 Euros Comparison of high voltage overhead lines and underground cables. Report and Guidelines. It is intended that these guidelines will serve as a reference document when overhead and underground options for transmission circuits are being compared and when possible routes are being negotiated with the relevant authorities. The comparison is made under the following headings : system planning and operation, environmental, technical, cost and future perspectives. Catalogue des publications Cigré * TVA à ajouter pour les pays concernés 4

6 CE/SC21 JWG/GTM21/22.01, 1997, 68 pp. Ref. No Euros Partial discharge detection in installed HV extruded cable systems. Fundamental principles of PD testing, different types of sensors and signal processing functions. Users guide on the practical importance of PDD using circuits with and without integrated sensors, information on safety aspects, selection of measuring frequency, test results, practical recommendations. Description of 8 PD methods with representative impression in present testing options. Future trends - expectations for immediate and more distant future. Fundamental and practical information. User support to understanding the complicated field of on-site PDD. CE/SC 21 16, 2001, 60 pp. Ref. No. 182 Accessoires pour les câbles HT à isolation extrudée. Accessories for HV cableswith extruded insulation. Guide for the selection of accessories for HV cables with extruded insulation for application at AC voltages of 60 kv and above (excluding accessories for submarine cables and DC cables). Includes : A guide to the selection of accessories; Compendium of accessory types and glossary of component names; Summary of worldwide usage of accessories for HV extruded cables. Guide pour le choix des accessoires (câbles sous-marins et CC non compris) ; recueil des différents types d'accessoires ; glossaire des noms des composants ; résumé de l'utilisation des accessoires pour câbles HT à isolation synthétique extrudée dans le monde. CE/SC 21 06, 2001, 280 pp. Ref. No. 177 English or French/Anglais ou français 92 Euros Insulation coordination for HV AC underground cable systems. Increasing environmental and aesthetic concerns regarding the utilisation of overhead electrical power transmission lines are resulting in a growing need to progress the use of underground alternatives. This increases the importance of looking for opportunities to further reduce the cost ratio between overhead and underground distribution and transmission. One approach is to address the inherent costs associated wtih the cable system by reducing the required withstand capability in line with the actual service requirements rather than traditional levels in particular the transient overvoltage performance. CE/SC 21 21/33, 2001, 60 pp. Ref. No. 189 Construction - laying and installation techniques for extruded and self contained fluid filled cable systems. The focus of general public concern on the environment results in the use of underground lines being considered since they offer alternative or interesting complementary solutions for the bulk transmission of electrical energy. This leads to the installation of underground cables in some areas, where overhead lines would automatically have been considered in the past. CE/SC 21 17, 2001, 150 pp. Ref. No Euros Interfaces in accessories for extruded HV and EHV cables. Although interfaces in joints and terminations of extruded HV cables have been identified as crucial parts, some of the mechanisms related to ageing are not well understood. For this reason, a task force was set up to study the behaviour of interfaces between solid insulating materials in accessories for HV and EHV extruded cables. The results are reported in this brochure. CE/SC 21/15, 2002, 13 pp. Ref. No ,00 Euros B2 24,00 Euros LIGNES AÉRIENNES/OVERHEAD LINES ex CE/SC 22 LIGNES AERIENNES/OVERHEAD LINES Tower top geometry. The study is to define clearances between live conductors and earthed structures under the action of wind. This case is particularly significant for suspension towers equipped with I- type suspension insulator sets. In addition to insulator swing the following requirements may also affect the tower top geometry : Clearances between conductors in mid-span; Provisions for conductor galloping and Distances for live line maintenance. CE/SC 22 GT/WG 06, 1995, 48 pp. Ref. No Euros Foundation testing. 24 Euros With the change in design philosophy from a deterministic to a probabilistic approach, the necessity for determining the strength distribution for individual components of an overhead transmission line has increased. The report gives recommendations on the procedures to be undertaken during the testing of foundations from the initial planning stage through to test evaluation and acceptance. CE/SC 22 GT/WG 07, 1994, 59 pp. Ref. No Euros 58 Euros Review of IEC 826 "Loading and strength of overhead lines". Comprising 4 different chapters: 1) Questionnaire on use and application of IEC826-2) Application example of IEC 826-3) Analysis of recent transmission line failures; 4) Improved design criteria of O/H transmission lines based on reliability concept. CE/SC 22 GT/WG 06, 1996, 140 pp. Ref. No ,87 Euros Refurbishment and upgrading of foundations. This report provides an outline of good practice on the refurbishment and upgrading of existing overhead transmission line support foundations. Possible reasons for foundation deterioration are reviewed, which may result from such diverses causes as early-age concrete cracking to damage by frost forces. the critical nature of the inspection and testing strategy are considered, with attention focussed on the economics of the inspection/testing regime, the use of alternative strategies and the different levels of foundation inspection together with the actual inspection test methods. CE/SC 22 GT/WG 07, 1999, 160 pp. Ref. No Euros * VAT extra for countries concerned Catalog of Cigre Publications

7 76 Euros High voltage overhead lines. Environmental concerns, procedures, impacts and mitigations Electricity utilities involved in transmission development, maintenance and operation face increasingly severe challenges as a result of heightened environmental awareness, more comprehansive legislation and standards and growing public expectations and concerns. these trends will have a major influence on the approach of companies to the management of both new projects and existing transmission assets , 1999, 104 pp. Ref. No Euros Load control devices on overhead transmission lines. Electricity utilities need to design overhead lines to withstand potential cascade failures of towers which could occur as a result of exceptional icing or rupture of conductors. Some utilities simply design the lines with section towers at frequent intervals and other utilities use special devices called 'load control devices' (LCD) the function of which is to limit the stresses applied to the towers in cases of exceptional longitudinal loads. CE/SC 22 06, 2000, 20 pp. Ref. No Euros 24 Euros Management of existing overhead transmission lines. Can you answer the following questions : Can you quantitatively justify investments in you O/H transmission system? Can you predict the probability of you next O/H transmission line failure event? Do you collect the right data when you have a failure event? Do you know the present capability of you OHTL components? Could you manage these data effectively if you did collect them? CE/SC 22 13, 2000, 185 pp. Ref. No Euros Guidelines for field measurement of ice loadings on overhead power line conductors. When criteria for ice loading on overhead transmission lines are established, experiences from existing lines and line networks are of great economical value. This document describes the importance of such data and procedures for collecting them. Guidelines for company routines as well as recommendations for tools, training and observation procedures are given. Includes two sets of observation forms : for collecting fundamental and accurate information on ice loadings and shedding on various conductor types and a simplified set for collecting basic information. CE/SC , 2001, 28 pp. Ref. No Euros 24 Euros Probabilistic design of overhead transmission lines. Companion document to "Improved design criteria of overhead transmission lines based on reliability concepts". Contains the technical background of reliability based design in more detail. An output of CIGRE WG22.06 involved in reliability based design of overhead transmission lines for many years. CE/SC 22 06, 2001, 124 pp. Ref. No Euros 70 Euros Composite insulator handling guide With a view to preventing failures this documents serves to describe how critical damage can occur in the filed and the measures that should be taken to avoid such damage. Typical problems are illustrated to show the defects that can be introduced by inappropriate treatment and construction practices, to indicate the possible long term effects of such defects and to assist in their identification to facilitate the rigourous inspection of composite insulators prior to line commissioning. CE/SC 22 03, 2001, 25 pp. Ref. No Euros Diaphragms for lattice steel supports. 24 Euros Following a review of the available standards worldwide, it became obvious to the WG there was little definitive documentation addressing the application, design or requirement for horizontal diaphragms (plan bracing) within lattice steel supports.sc22 compiled a questionnaire concerning the design "rules" currently employed within the industry addressing its scope to self-supporting and guyed lattice steel supports. 21 responses were received and are published in this brochure. CE/SC 22 08, 2002, 41 pp. Ref. No Euros 40 Euros Diaphragms for lattice steel supports. Following a review of the available standards worldwide, it became obvious to the WG there was little definitive documentation addressing the application, design or requirement for horizontal diaphragms (plan bracing) within lattice steel supports.sc22 compiled a questionnaire concerning the design "rules" currently employed within the industry addressing its scope to self-supporting and guyed lattice steel supports. 21 responses were received and are published in this brochure. CE/SC 22 08, 2002, 41 pp. Ref. No Euros 40 Euros The design of transmission line support foundations - an overview. Transmission line foundations provide the interlinking component between the support and in-situ soil and/or rock. The interrelationship between the support type and the applied foundation loadings are considered, together with the methods of determining the engineering properties of the in-situ soil and/or rock. Two principal categories of foundations have been considered: separate and compact. The major types applicable to each category are reviewed e.g. monoblock, spead, drilled shaft, pile, anchor, direct embedment of poles, etc CE/SC 22 GT/WG 7, 2002, 75 pp. Ref. No ,00 Euros Thermal behaviour of overhead conductors. 52,00 Euros In most countries the demand for electric power is constantly increasing, and there is a corresponding requirement to increase the power transferred by transmission and distribution lines. A solution would be to build new lines, but this may not be feasible on account of economic or environmental considerations. Hence, there may be pressure to increase the load transfer capacity of both new and old lines. CE/SC 22 GT/WG 12, 2002, 45 pp. Ref. No ,00 Catalogue des publications Cigré * TVA à ajouter pour les pays concernés 6

8 Joints on transmission line conductors : field testing and replacement criteria. Description of the tests currently available to determine the condition of joints in order to establish their quality and ability for a reliable and continuing service especially when an increase in electrical load is expected. For example when increasing the operating temperature of a line. It should be noted that this is not exclusive to ACSR joints. CE/SC 22 GT/WG 12, 2002, 8 pp. Ref. No ,00 20,00 B3 POSTES/SUBSTATIONS ex CE/SC 23 POSTES/SUBSTATIONS Mechanical effects of short-circuit currents in open air substations. The s-c current levels in HV and EHV networks have increased considerably in recent decades and further increases may be expected in the future. High levels of short-circuit current in substations results in high mechanical stresses and in some cases, displacements, on bus systems, connections to apparatus, substation equipment and bus supports. CE/SC 23 GT/WG 02, 1987, 103 pp. Ref. No Euros 42 Euros Mise à la terre des PSEM. Guide d application. Earthing of GIS. An application guide. Electra No. 151/1993. Whilst, over the past few years, numerous papers have been written on the subject of transient ground potential rise in GIS and the consequences in relation to earthing, so far as the WG is aware no international document has been published dedicated entirely to the earthing of GIS installations. CE/SC 23 GT/WG 10, 1994, 22 pp. Ref. No. 44 bilingue/bilingual 11 Euros 22 Euros Les réducteurs de mesure de technologie conventionnelle. Paper-oil insulated measurement transformer. The document is a set of papers issued in Electra expected to be complete enough and useful for manufacturers or users of equipment : i.e. General considerations; Design and construction; Checking and monitoring; Failure survey; Endurance testing life test; Non standardised stresses and Quality assurance. CE/SC 23, 1990, 75 pp. Ref. No. 57 bilingue/bilingual 20 Euros 40 Euros General guidelines for the design of outdoor AC substations. The purpose of this document is to provide a simple guide to the design of an outdoor, AC substation, from the system requirements, through the selection of the most suitable site, to the design of the equipment to be installed. It gives advice on the general principles, refers to relevant IEC standards and CIGRE reports, and gives an indication of the economic factors involved. CE/SC 23 GT 04, 1992, 25 pp. Ref. No. 69 Choice and application of large variable speed drives in power plants. The report surveys all practicable types of large variable speed electrical machines (> 200 kw) and their control systems as applied in the past and as used today. The possible circuits are described and the speed torque diagrams are shown. CE/SC 23 GT/WG 08, 1993, 57 pp. Ref. No Euros 58 Euros Design and maintenance practice for substation secondary systems. The report deals with the main features of substation secondary systems. It includes in its scope relay-based and computer-based equipment. The emphasis in much of the report is on large-scale transmission substations. However, many of the systems discussed are applicable also to subtransmission and distribution level substations even though they are generally less complex. CE/SC 23 GT/WG 05, 1994, 101 pp. Ref. No Euros Overvoltages and overvoltage protection in the generator main electrical circuit in power stations. This report deals with overvoltages and overvoltage protection in the generator main electrical circuit in power stations. it includes earthing practice of the generator circuit, such as neutral point treatment of generator and generator transformer. Different kinds of overvoltages are described, together with their origin. Methods for calculation of overvoltages are presented as well as protection systems to minimise the effects of overvoltages. CE/SC 23 GT/WG 08, 1995, 54 pp. Ref. No Euros The mechanical effects of short circuit currents in open air substation. (Rigid and flexible bus bars). Vol.1. An updated revision. Vol. 2. Data base of reference tests. (Includes a free K7). A revision of the earlier CIGRE brochure (No.6) published in The text is based on the former brochure, some parts of which explicitly remain unchanged, other sections have been fully modified and others cancelled because they are no longer relevant. CE/SC 23 GT/WG 11, 1996, 160 pp. Ref. No Euros SF6 recycling guide. Re-use of SF6 gas in electrical power equipment and final disposal. All significant aspects of the recycling of SF6 gas used in electrical power equipment. Recommendations for the design of electrical equipment using it to allow ease of recycling, appropriate handling and recycling procedures and essential features of gas handling and recycling equipment. Identifies the origins, quantities and deteriorating effects of contaminants to be expected in SF6 and proposes purity standards to allow safe reuse. A final disposal concept is proposed to remove SF6 from the ecocycle and transform it into environmentally comptatible substances. General recommendations for handling for manufacturers, users and producers. Recommendations for further studies. CE/SC 23 GA/TF 01, 1997, 46 pp. Ref. No Euros 28 Euros * VAT extra for countries concerned Catalog of Cigre Publications

9 User guide for the application of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) for rated voltages of 72.5 kv and above. WG has published general guidelines for the design of outdoor AC substations (Publ.-69). Apart from some minor comments the scope was limited to air-insulated switchgear (AIS). Therefore all points which are specific for GIS for rated voltages of 72.5 kv and above or different from AIS are covered by this new application guide. Includes a selection of most suitable site, area requirements, environmental factors and substation layout. CE/SC 23 GT/WG 10.03, 1998, 83 pp. Ref. No Euros 38 Euros An international survey of maintenance policies and trends General information about the utilities that responded. Quality of information is generally good but it is necessary to bear in mind that due to the nature of the information requested (e.g. replacement costs, type of equipment, age etc) much of the information was estimated. 64 responses were entered into a computerised database. Analysis of the general information obtained. Further details of the construction of the database and calculation of composite size and age factors used in the analysis are also given. The method used for detecting correlation between answers is also given. CE/SC 23/39, 2000, 112 pp. Ref. No Euros Report on the 2 nd international survey on high voltage gas insulated substations (GIS) service experience Reliability, economic advantage for lige cycle cost and physical compactness of HV GIS have resulted in their widespread use over some 30 years. Many Users approach to its application is still rather unique. GIS technology can however contribute very effectively to increasing the relaibility of new substations and to improving the asset life cycle of existing ones. For the user to be able to decide on GIS he needs data on which to judge his investment and maintenance decision. WG has created a database to be updated every 5 years with the results being accessible through CIGRE channels. CE/SC 23, 2000, 150 pp. Ref. No Euros 58 Euros General guidelines for the design of outdoor AC substations. (2 nd version). Evolving techniques and the opening market have contributed to new aspects which have made a revision of the brochure issued in 1992 (Ref. 69). The purpose of this document is to provide a simple guide for designing an outdoor AC substation, considering the systems requirements, the most suitable site, and design of the equipment to be installed. It provides advice on the general principles, relevant IEC standards and CIGRE reports, as appropriate, and also takes the economic factors involved. CE/SC 23 03, 2000, 50 pp. Ref. No Euros 28 Euros Questionnaire concerning aspects on planning design operation and maintenance of future substations. In Cigré report of 1996 The future substation : a reflective approach a number of conclusions were made which to a great extent is forming the base for this questionnaire. 49 responses were received : 30 from utilities 16 from manufacturers and 3 from consultants. CE/SC 23 01, 2000, 50 pp. Ref. No Euros 28 Euros Guide for SF6 gas mixtures. This guide addresses the issues of using an SF6 mixture where SF6 is diluted by one other gas, typically nitrogen or CF4, added at a concentration in the range of 5 to 90%. The practical application of SF6 mixtures in electrical equipment requires an understanding of their performance, both environmental and functional, as well as methods and equipment for handling gas mixtures. CE/SC , 2000, 50 pp. Ref. No Euros 28 Euros Design guidelines for power station auxiliaries and distribution systems. The objective is to present an overview of the current practice and state of the art of auxiliaries power supplies for electric power stations. It is intended to be a support for design engineers. The overview considers the basic design of auxiliaries power supplies particularly regarding the process of developing the main electrical scheme and selection of rated voltages as required in the development of specifications. CE/SC 23 04, 2002, 50 pp. Ref. No Euros 28 Euros Maintenance outsourcing guidelines. In CIGRE 2000 Session papers concepts of outsourcing were reviewed including business models, assessing the risk through outsourcing exposure and the development of contractor-owner relationships. These guidelines attempt to review these in a systematic manner. Part I discusses the general issues around the development of a service options strategy, Part 2 focuses on the analysis of outsourcing opportunities, Part 3 considers some more general aspects of outsourcing and Part 4 discusses key performance indicators. CE/SC 23/39 14, 2002, 60 pp. Ref. No Euros 50 Euros General overview on experience feedback methods in the field of electrical equipment. The reliability of network components and systems is a major concern for manufacturers of electrical equipment and utilities. Reliability techniques, derived from the aeronautical and nuclear industries have been used in the field of electrical systems and have now reached maturity. Thus CIGRE Committees have considered reliability to be an important characteristic of network components and reliability is still the subject of many discussions and exchanges of experience. CE/SC 23/12/13/21/22 GT/WG 16, Ref. No , 25 pp. 14,00 28,00 Engineering guide on earthing systems in power stations. To identify the current practice of safety earthing systems in power stations. To give suggestions and useful proposals for Catalogue des publications Cigré * TVA à ajouter pour les pays concernés 8

10 planning, design, calculation and construction of earthing systems in order to provide safe and effective installations. Useful for checking of existing earthing systems. The report is intended to be an engineering guide including reference to different rules and standards as applied in various countries. Special attention is given to current practice for different types of power stations. CE/SC 23 GT/WG 04, 2002, 65 pp. Ref. No ,00 50,00 The mechanical effects of short-circuit currents in open air substations. Part II. A companion book to Brochure 105. A technical base for the methods to be suggested in substation design against short-circuit mechanical loading. To understand the technical background behind IEC methods, to think about system design taking into consideration SCC loads at early stage and not simply to verify structures against SCC loads, to give them trends to decrease SCC loading for uprating, refurbishment as well as designing new substations. To help equipment suppliers when providing new design not only for static loads but also for dynamic loading. CE/SC 23 GT/WG 03, 2002, 210 pp. Ref. No ,00 80,00 B4 CCHT ET ELECTRONIQUE DE PUISSANCE HVDC AND POWER ELECTRONICS ex CE/SC 14 LIAISONS CCHT ET MATERIELS D'ELECTRONIQUE DE PUISSANCE EN COURANT ALTERNATIF HVDC LINKS AND AC POWER ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Compendium of HVDC schemes throughout the world. The Compendium wants to give a detailed survey of the HVDC systems all over the world. Many datas are required for these descriptions and they have not been obtained for many systems. Those systems, for which not all data is available are described as far as possible. It can only be updated if all recipients support the work and send information on latest available data. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 04, 1987, 232 pp. Ref. No. 3 AC harmonic filters and reactive compensation for HVDC with particular reference to non-characteristic harmonics. This paper summarises a report prepared by WG14-03 (Filtering and reactive compensation for HVDC) and is a complement to the paper published in Electra No. 63 (1979). Includes details on : Importance of non-characteristic harmonics, Generation of noncharacteristic harmonics, Impact on AC and DC networks, Disturbance criteria, Transient operating modes, Solutions selected for recent links etc. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 03, 1992, 60 pp. Ref. No Euros 74 Euros Guide for planning DC links terminating at AC locations having low short-circuit capacities. Part 1. AC/DC interaction phenomena. Part I of the Guide AC/DC system interaction phenomena, discusses the effects of various aspects of interactions between AC and DC systems on the design and performance of DC schemes connected at locations where the AC system appears as high impedance. Part II : Planning guidelines, considers the impact of the interactions and their mitigation on economics and overall system performance. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 07, 1992, 110 pp. Ref. No Euros 74 Euros A summary of the report on survey of controls and control performance in HVDC schemes. A survey questionnaire on HVDC controls and control performance was formulated and copies submitted for completion to DC schemes. This report serves as a data collection and summary of general control arrangements, strategies and parameters used in the schemes for which questionnaires were returned. For some schemes having significant and relevant operational experience, control performance was reported on and a summary analysis is contained. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 02, 1994, 198 pp. Ref. No Euros 42 Euros Voltage and current stresses on thyristor valves for static var compensators. The application of SVC employing thyristor valves in power transmission systems has been rapidly increasing in the past decade. Nevertheless there is no International Standard for testing of the valves. As an essential step in developing a guideline the TF undertook a thorough review of the electric stresses experienced by the thyristor valves in operation. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 01.02, 1994, 25 pp. Ref. No. 78 DC side harmonics and filtering in HVDC transmission systems. The report deals with the harmonic voltages and currents of concern on the DC side of HVDC transmission systems. Its aim is to provide some guidance to both users and suppliers of HVDC links in such a way that a common understanding could be established in the area of DC side harmonics and filtering. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 03, 1995, 94 pp. Ref. No. 92 Guidelines for testing of thyristor valves for static var compensators. The application of static var compensators using thyristor valves in power transmission systems has been rapidly increasing in the past decade. Nevertheless there is no international standard for testing of thyristor valves for SVC. The scope of the work was limited to SVCs for power transmission systems. SVC for industrial applications (e.g. flicker control, control of voltage fluctuations caused by motor starting) are not in the scope. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 01.02, 1995, 61 pp. Ref. No Euros 28 Euros System tests for HVDC installations. This guide is structured in eight parts and should give potential users guidance, regarding which course of action should be taken in planning commissioning activities. Structure of the tests and a brief statement of the purpose of the individual group of tests is presented. Commissioning an HVDC system is a very complex * VAT extra for countries concerned Catalog of Cigre Publications

11 task which may affect more than the actual contract parties. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 12, 1995, 145 pp. Ref. No Euros Commutation failures. Causes and consequences. Many aspects of the impact and role of the HVDC system on the rest of the power system can be studied and analysed without a detailed knowledge of the actual design and behaviour of the conversion process taking place in the HVDC convertors, but a more detailed scrutiny of a number of phenomena requires a more detailed knowledge and modelling of the HVDC system and of the DC conversion process. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 05, 1996, 75 pp. Ref. No. 103 Semiconductor power devices for use in HVDC and FACTS controllers. During the recent years there has been a growing need for better utilisation of high voltage transmission systems. Power electronic equipment, having an inherent fast controllability, offers solutions to transmission system problems such as load flow and stability. Therefore, engineers are increasingly studying the potential of such equipment to make transmission systems more flexible and adaptive to changing requirements. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 17, 1997, 75 pp. Ref. No Euros 34 Euros Test circuits for HVDC thyristor valves. In conformity with the usual classification of the specified tests into two major categories, dielectric tests and operational tests, the report is in two parts : Part 1 - Dielectric tests which deals principally with test circuits for verifying the high voltage characteristics of the valve, and Part 2 - Operational tests, which deals principally with test circuits for verifying the turn-on, turnoff and current related characteristics of the valve. CE/SC14 GT/WG 01 GA/TF 03, 1997, 99 pp. Ref. No ,87 Euros Euros Guide for preliminary design and specification of hydro stations with HVDC unit connected generators. Several technical and economical reasons strongly suggest that in certain HVDC applications it is of great advantage to simplify the rectifier station via a direct connection of hydro generating sets to 12 pulse converter groups. The proposed arrangement is referred to in HVDC literature as "Unit Connection". CE/SC 14 GT/WG 11/14.09, 1997, 230 pp. Ref. No Euros Interaction between HVDC convertors and nearby synchronous machines.final report. It is not uncommon that HVDC convertor stations and generators are situated electrically and geographically close to each other. This follows from the fact that HVDC links are often built to transmit power from a generating station to a load centre or another part of the power system. Examples of this are the Itaipu and IPP schemes. In these cases the HVDC and generator stations are designed more or less in parallel which means that overall good design can be achieved by appropriate coordination. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 05, 1997, 43 pp. Ref. No Euros 22 Euros Thyristor controlled series compensation. The application of power electronic thyristor valves in HVDC and SVC technologies has enabled the development of controllable series devices with rapid response for use in electric power transmission systems. With growing environmental, regulatory and financial constraints facing the electric utility industry, technical advancements and economic solutions which allow increased utilization and relaible operation of transmission systems have potential benefits for utilities and their customers. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 18, 1997, 70 pp. Ref. No. 123 Guide for planning DC links terminating at AC system locations having low short-circuit capacities. Part II : Planning guidelines. Guidance on planning and design of DC links terminating at AC system locations having low short-circuit capacities relative to the DC power infeed. The Guide is limited to those aspects of interactions between AC and DC systems which result from the fact that the AC system is 'weak' compared to the power of the DC link (i.e. AC system appears as a high impedance at the AC/DC interface bus). Some more general aspects of the design and planning of HVDC transmission schemes are described only when this adds to the understanding of the interaction phenomena and for the sake of completeness of the guidelines. CE/SC /1EEE , 1997, 53 pp. Ref. No Euros Guide for upgrading transmission systems with HVDC transmission Following the installation of the first HVDC transmission scheme between Sweden and the Island of Gotland in 1954, over 60 HVDC schemes throughout the world have been installed. Since their initial installation many of the HVDC schemes have been upgraded in various ways. By reviewing both what has been achieved in terms of upgrading and what potentially is possible to accomplish in an upgrade, this guide provides direction and the latest information on the subject. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 11, 1998, 60 pp. Ref. No Euros Operational guidelines and monitoring of HVDC systems Major advances in technology for controlling HVDC systems has led to greater efficiency in operation and maintenance, as well as providing a reduction in staff. The quality and reliability of an HVDC system is directly dependent on the type of monitoring implemented. Recent developments now allow implementation of computer based information systems with significant improvements in the delivery and presentation of data necessary for supporting the operation. CE/SC14 GT/WG23, 1998, 30 pp. Ref. No Euros 20 Euros Fire aspects of HVDC thyristor valves and valve halls. Survey of the possible causes of fires in valves and valve halls; assistance to users in the areas of specification, engineering and construction; comparative information on fire detection and protection systems; fire alarm and fire control systems; guidance with fire-fighting, operation and maintenance; guidance to actions after a fire. A reference document for discussion with insurance companies , 1999, 100 pp. Ref. No. 136 Catalogue des publications Cigré * TVA à ajouter pour les pays concernés 10

12 23 Euros Guide to the specification and design evaluation of AC filters for HVDC systems. The principal purpose of the document is to give guidance to those responsible for : preparing the a.c. filtering aspects of Technical Specifications for HVDC projects ; evaluating the proposed designs, and monitoring the subsequent project. The main objective is to enable informed judgements to be made and future Technical Specifications to be written, such that the resulting a.c. filters are effective yet economical and are non under or over designed ,30, 1999, 250 pp. Ref. No Euros 76 Euros Cross-modulation of harmonics in HVDC schemes Harmonic cross-modulation is a term used to describe the variety of frequency interactions around the two converters that comprise and HVDC link and the effect on and interactions with the DC system and both AC systems. Because there are two converters involved, as well as two AC systems and any number of coupled frequencies, the number of interactions to be considered is infinite. Questions to be answered are : which interactions are the strongest, and whether they are likely to cause steady state or transient problems, and how to determine these interactions. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 25, 1999, 30 pp. Ref. No Euros Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) Rapid developments of solid state power electronic devices in the last three decades have led to the development and widespread application of static var compensators (SVCs). These shunt connected reactive compensation equipment provided an important means for enhancing electric power transmission system performance. Continued rapid developments in power electronic devices and control techniques let to utilisation of gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) devices to form new power electronic shunt compensation equipment which offered more robust output , 1999, 144 pp. Ref. No Euros 68 Euros Coordination of controls of multiple FACTS/HVDC links in the same system. Power electronics applications in high-voltage electric power systems date from the early 1970s when converters for HVDC systems bagan using thyristors to replace mercury arc valves. Since the mid-1970s all new HVDC systems have employed thyristor valves. Advances in power electronics have extended the application of fast switching currents to AC systems as well, resulting in the technology commonly known as FACTS, Flexible AC Transmission Systems. This document is intended to provide guideliens into the kinds of interactions that can occur and the means of analysis and design that are available to assure that a coordinated response is achieved and adverse interactions are avoided , 1999, 135 pp. Ref. No Euros Unified power flow controller (UPFC) The result of a dialogue between utilities and manufacturers concerning the application of the unified power flow controller (UPFC). its purpose is to provide comprehensive information on the physical nature of such devices, the functions they can provide, the value of these functions for utilities, the way to implement them in the network, the problems to anticipate and the obstacles that may exist regarding cost-effective implementation. CE/SC 14 27, 2000, 120 pp. Ref. No Euros 42 Euros FACTS technology for open access. Summary of the present state of the art on the key technological developments in the FACTS area, addressing in particular the open access aspects of networks and the scope for the application of FACTS devices therein. Contains the approved terms of reference. Definition of FACTS includes conventional devices such as phase shifting transformers, series capacitors and HVDC links for completeness and the possibility of combining them with FACTS devices to improve HVAC transmission system flexibility and control. CE/SC 14/37/38/39-24, 2001, 80 pp. Ref. No Euros 54 Euros Economic assessment of HVDC links HVDC has been a viable technique since the 60's and has played a vital part in both long distance transmission and in the interconnection of systems. Its relative economic position has been much discussed over 30 years and this report is both an update of those considerations and a review of the present position. It reviews many aspects of transmission development common to both AC and DC transmission with a concentration on the specific aspects of DC as they give advantage or extra dimension to the long distance transmission of electrical power. CE/SC14 20, 2001, 71 pp. Ref. No. 186 HVDC stations audible noise. The principle purpose of this guide is to give specific recommendations to those responsible for preparing the audible noise aspects of technical specifications for HVDC projects, evaluating the proposed designs and monitoring the subsequent project. The main objective is to enable future technical specifications to be written and informed judgements made, such that the resulting outdoor audible noise levels fulfil applicable regulations and standards. CE/SC 14 26, 2002, 100 pp. Ref. No ,00 Euros Custom power - State of the art. 50,00 Euros Custom power is a concept, based on the use of static controllers in the distribution system or in some instances, rotating machines, for the electric utilities to supply value-added power with the reliability and power quality requested by the customers. It includes consideration of all aspects of power supply that impact individual customers, including harmonics, interharmonics, voltage dips, overvoltages, range of steady state voltage and frequency variations and phase unbalance, in addition to the abover consideration fo reliability. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 31, 2002, 110 pp. Ref. No ,00 Euros * VAT extra for countries concerned Catalog of Cigre Publications

13 56,00 Euros HVDC converter stations for voltages above +/- 600 kv. The scope of the work is to review the current state of HVDC converter stations up to 600 kv and the problems associated with it and to investigate in detail what needs to be done to expand the technology to voltages above 600 kv and specifically to 800 kv. Parallel operation of converters is not considered in this document. CE/SC 14 GT/WG 32, 2002, 40 pp. Ref. No ,00 40,00 B5 PROTECTION ET AUTOMATISME PROTECTIONS AND AUTOMATIONS ex CE/SC 34 PROTECTION DES RESEAUX ELECTRIQUES ET COMMANDE LOCALE POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION AND LOCAL CONTROL Transformateurs de courant et de tension non classiques. Non-conventional current and voltage transformers. For some years new concepts of current and voltage transformers for HV and EHV transmission systems have been investigated and developed to the stages of laboratory models or prototype units installed for trials on transmission systems. One aim in development was to design measuring devices of improved transient performance, compared with the conventional CT s, CVT s and VT s for reliable and faster fault clearance times. CE/SC 34, 1980, 173 pp. Ref. No. 7 bilingue/bilingual Harmonisation of protection policies for power stations and generators and of protection policies for HV networks. The power generating units and the transmission network operate as an interactive system. Faults and switching actions in the network cause electrical system transients which stimulate torsional oscillations along the turbine generator shaft. In the past, the generator three-phase terminal short-circuit was considered as the most critical mechanical stress condition for the turbine generator unit. CE/SC 34 GT/WG 01, 1983, 44 pp. Ref. No. 8 Final report on computer based protection and digital techniques in substations. Digital computer technology has been applied in electric power substations for many years. Data acquisition, alarms, status monitoring and supervisory control systems have all been converted to digital computer systems to some extent, and in many cases these systems are entirely digital in nature. Protection of power apparatus and systems is a function that has been considered for conversion to digital computer technology during recent years. CE/SC 34 GT/WG 02, 1985, 54 pp. Ref. No. 9 Use of equipment built-in automatic testing selfchecking and monitoring with a view to improving reliability. The increasing sizes of power networks with increasing transfer of energy and fault current levels have stressed the importance of reliable fault clearing. Great care is taken in circuit design, selection of components, careful production and quality control to assure reliable fault clearing. Nevertheless components in the fault clearing chain will degrade by time or fail suddenly and cause either failure to operate or incorrect operation. CE/SC 34 GT/WG 03, 1986, 45 pp. Ref. No Euros 28 Euros Evaluation of characteristics and performance of power system protection relays and protective systems. Intended to provide guidance on the tests required to establish the characteristics and performance of power system protection relays and protective systems, leaving the issuing of a standard to IEC. These functional tests are performed as a part of a type test program. Diversity in protection relays and protective systems prevents the definition of a universal type test programme. CE/SC 34 GT/WG 04, 1986, 101 pp. Ref. No Euros 42 Euros Digital protection techniques and substation functions. The report summarises the findings and recommendations of WG34.01, dealing with various aspects of digital computer techniques for protection of electric power systems and the impact of an integrated hierarchical structure on all protection and control tasks. An important part of the report is defining the structure for collection and description of significant test cases for protection and control. CE/SC 34 GT/WG 09, 1989, 176 pp. Ref. No Euros 82 Euros Adaptive protections and control. The concept of adaptive protection evolved during the 1980 s. By then, digital computer based relaying was well accepted. Most relaying functions have been shown to be amenable to digital computer implementation and the satisfactory field experience with these devices has allayed the fears of protection engineers about the survivability of computer relays in the harsh environment of electric utility substations. CE/SC 34 GT/WG 02, 1995, 124 pp. Ref. No Euros Application guide on protection of complex transmission network configurations. This guide is primarily aimed at the application engineer who has a basic protection knowledge but needs expert assistance to plan and operate the protection of more complex transmission systems. This publication may however, also be of interest to experienced engineers as it contains recent information collected through analysis of the responses to a world-wide survey questionnaire issued in CE/SC 34 GT/WG 04, 1992, 153 pp. Ref. No Euros 58 Euros Application of wideband communication circuits to protection. Prospects and benefits. Catalogue des publications Cigré * TVA à ajouter pour les pays concernés 12

14 The document starts with a general introduction dealing with the trend towards digital communication and the need for wideband communication, giving a brief comparison of the different transmission media and an overview of the different types of protection systems. It also gives a short survey of the present practices and future trends and presents some opportunities for new applications. CE/SC 34 GT/WG 05, 1994, 92 pp. Ref. No Euros 42 Euros Maintenance and management of protection systems. The growing size and complexity of power systems generate increasing needs for maintenance and management efforts to optimise investment and renewal costs. On the other hand the rapid development of information technology can provide a new approach to reduce life cycle costs. SC34 has considered these aspects from the point of view of protection and control systems. CE/SC 34 GT/WG 06, 1994, 61 pp. Ref. No Euros 28 Euros Teleprotection. Protective gear in modern power systems often uses information from various distant points on the power system and the transmission of such information involves the use of telecommunication techniques. The document is aimed at reviewing the principal methods of teleprotection having regard to the properties of the various telecommunication systems. CE/SC 34/35, 1969, 317 pp. Ref. No. 12 bilingue/bilingual Protection systems using telecommunication. Telecommunication connected to or included in protection systems seems to be more common when transmission power systems are extended and developed. The increasing integration of telecommunication in the protections systems necessitates a good overall view of protection and telecommunication problems and of course power system problems as well. This report promotes mutual appreciation of the problems experienced by engineers. CE/SC 34/35 GT/WG 05, 1987, 132 pp. Ref. No. 13 Protection against voltage collapse A milestone in the actual comprehension of the complex phenomenon called voltage collapse in power transmission systems. Offering an in-depth survey of our present knowledge about this typical system disturbance, restricting the analysis to the so-called long-term variant, the one for which it seems most feasible to develop some sort of system protection to cope with. CE/SC 34 GT/WG08, 1998, 80 pp. Ref. No. 128 Reliable fault clearance and back-up protection. Covering back-up protection policies, including breaker failure protection, for lines, transformers and busbars of a primary transmission network. it defines input data and describes a theoretical and reasonable approach to evaluate the necessity and performance of a general back-up protection system assuming the input data is known. A description of the moste wide-spread and near-future back-up protection systems and the principal advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Application of the previous theoretical approach to the different solutions described , 1999, 402 pp. Ref. No Euros 98 Euros Reliable fault clearance and back-up protection. The scope of the work covers back-up protection policies, including breaker failure protection, for lines, transformers and busbars of a primary transmission network. it defines input data and describes a theoretical and reasonable approach to evaluate the necessity and performance of a general back-up protection system assuming the input data is known. A description of the moste wide-spread and near-future back-up protection systems and the principal advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Application of the previous theoretical approach to the different solutions described , 1999, 402 pp. Ref. No Euros 98 Euros Analysis and guidelines for testing numerical protection schemes. The question of how to test numerical relays has become an important topic over the last few years. The protection functions of the relay and the transient currents and voltages are still the same, but it is the present state of technology that offers new possibilities and makes the number of functions in the relay more complex. It is generally agreed that testing numerical protection should be different from older techniques. CE/SC 34 10, 2000, 120 pp. Ref. No Euros 42 Euros Communication requirements in terms of data flow within substations. A study of communication requirements in terms of data flow within substations covering communication of all functions usually performed i.e. all tasks of protection, control, monitoring, measuring, disturbance recording etc. The complete definition of all communication requirements has to provide the rating guide for existing/coming communication networks/busses and the basis for the definition of standards. CE/SC 34 03, 2001, 112 pp. Ref. No Euros 54 Euros Protection using telecommunications. Deregulation in both the telecommunication and electric power industry, together with new telecommunication network technologies and advances in numerical protection, has resulted in the need to reconsider traditional methods of delivering teleprotection schemes and their associated bearer services. Fibre-optic technology is commonly deployed in new telecommunication networks for inter-station communication and utility-owned and public telecommunication networks from third parties are available for protection purposes. CE/SC 34 34/35.11, 2001, 175 pp. Ref. No Euros Isolation and restoration policies against system collapse. This report discusses characteristics of severe system disturbances and describes measures applied by utilities against wide-spread blackouts, including currently applied special * VAT extra for countries concerned Catalog of Cigre Publications

15 protection schemes against power system collapse. Normal protective relays used for fault clearance are not considered. Emphasis is placed on: circumstances which could lead to severe disturbances; utilities policies for preventing system collapse; SPS in operation; performance of SPS against disturbances; interaction of SPS and the power system. CE/SC 34 08, 2002, 80 pp. Ref. No Euros 70 Euros Report on survey to establish protection performance during major disturbances. The objectives of the questionnaire were to review significant disturbances since 1986 (i.e. where load loss exceeded 1 systemminte or generation loss exceeded 10% peak demand) ; identify and categorise the cause and nature of the disturbances ; to collect user experience relating to behaviour of protection and control systems during such disturbances. CE/SC 34 GT/WG 09, 2002, 60 pp. Ref. No ,00 50,00 C1 DEVELOPPEMENT ET ECONOMIE DES RESEAUX SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMICS ex CE/SC 37 PLANIFICATION ET EVOLUTION DES RESEAUX POWER SYSTEM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT Methods of forecasting demand for electricity. The concept of electricity demand forecasting covers a number of diverse activities, corresponding to different purposes. Forecasts may concern either short-term, for budget or actual management purposes, or long-term, to support investment planning. They can be done at national, regional or local levels, being then particularly useful for planning of generation capacities, of the transmission and interconnection network and of distribution networks. CE/SC 37 GT/WG 03, 1987, 10 pp. Ref. No Euros 20 Euros Environmental aspects of links between power system planners and decision makers in the energy area. The report does not focus on the necessity of communication as such, or whether communication actually is desired, but rather addresses means to improve the communicative process and where experiences gained have shown interesting or encouraging results. CE/SC 37 GT/WG 13, 1996, 45 pp. Ref. No Euros International experiences in improving the links between power system planners, the general public and decision makers in the energy policy area. New electric power facilities can be accepted and sited, but only if the dialogue with all those concerned is successful. There is always a risk that permissions and licenses from authorities and energy policy decision makers are revised and changed, if the proper dialogue with the general public has not taken place in advance of authority decisions. CE/SC 37 GT/WG 09, 1992, 66 pp. Ref. No. 71 Interaction between transmission and distribution system planning. The scope of the WG is defined on three main subjects: 1. Voltage levels for transmission, sub-transmission and distribution systems; 2. Size and density of substations and transformer capacities; 3. Architecture of transmission, sub-transmission and distribution networks. This report is meant to be an executive summary of the work carried out. The Group produced four main technical reports which are added as appendices. CE/SC 37 GT/WG 07, 1995, 156 pp. Ref. No Euros 42 Euros Methods and techniques for reliability assessment of interconnected systems. Policies concerning the power sector have been changing in the recent past all around the world and the electricity supply industry (ESI) has entered a period of restructuring. In some countries the process has been almost completed, even if feedback from the experience could modify the "original" framework. In others it is still under way. CE/SC 38 GA/TF 03.11, 1998, 60 pp. Ref. No Euros Impact of increasing contribution of dispersed generation on the power system. The traditional large power plants are now challenged by dispersed generation whose growth will certainly have consequences on the power systems. Several different scenarios are possible. They much depend on the driving forces (economic, legislation, regulation and environmental obligations). However, many technical effects are awaited. They concern generation, planning the development of the systems or its operation etc , 1999, 52 pp. Ref. No Euros 28 Euros Ageing of the system. Impact on planning. In the past the driving force for system modernisation has been load growth : equipment was replaced because its rating or characteristics were no longer compatible with the changing requirements due to steady and considerable load growth. Nowadays in the low growth environment that prevails in many countries - many assets are rated sufficiently to fulfil their roles in electricity transmission up to the expiry of their lifetimes. CE/SC 37 27, 2000, 150 pp. Ref. No Euros 82 Euros Quality of supply. Customer's requirements. The institutional changes taking place in the Electricity Supply Industry all over the world are drastically changing the approach to quality of supply. Where it previous represented a National target it is currently developing towards a purely commercial issue between a supplier and its customers. The aim of the CIGRE WG is to examine quality of supply from the customers point of view instead of from a system approach as has been done in the past. CE/SC 37 28, 2001, 40 pp. Ref. No. 188 Cigre glossary of terms used in the electricity supply industry. Glossary of: Electrical quantities; electricity systems; system Catalogue des publications Cigré * TVA à ajouter pour les pays concernés 14

16 operation; electricity market; entities in the electricity market; electrical plant primary, secondary and general. Refs. NERC - NECA - IEEE. CE/SC 37/38/39, 2002, 96 pp. Ref. No ,00 Euros 40,00 Euros Optimal network structure in an open market environment. The focus of this report is on network planning in the "new environment" of a liberalised electricity market. The development of the network is viewed from different stakeholders' objectives. The stakeholders in the transmission network are groups or individuals who have a stake in, or an expectation of the development and performance of the network. An open network exists when all market players meet equal admission rights and obligations. This required that the grid be administered through a transparent set of rules such as a grid code. CE/SC , 2002, 40 pp. Ref. No Euros 40 Euros C2 CONDUITE ET EXPLOITATION DES RESEAUX SYSTEM CONTROLE AND OPERATION CE/SC 39 EXPLOITATION ET CONDUITE DES RESEAUX POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL Nuclear power plant performance in power system control. A review of international practice. Part I of the paper presents an overview of the design principles from a control and performance viewpoint of the power reactors and nuclear steam supply systems adopted for nuclear power stations by 21 countries. Part II is a compilation and analysis of an international survey of the NSSS by reactor and plant type, control systems and the capability of NSSS to withstand load rejection and continued operation at low load. CE/SC 39 GT/WG 04, 1985, 140 pp. Ref. No. 31 Methodologies in power systems operations planning Results of an enquiry conducted with some 30 utilities from all over the world, within the activities of WG Its aim is to illustrate the methodologies adopted by power industry to set-up generation strategies or schedules, taking due account of the requirements for economy and security of operation. CE/SC 39 GT/WG 03, 1989, 31 pp. Ref. No Euros 42 Euros Control of power systems during disturbed and emergency conditions. SC32 (later 39) supported a WG on the control of power systems during disturbed or emergency conditions for some 12 years. During that period 9 Papers - some surveys, some giving analysis and developments in the subject - were published in Electra or at Sessions. The brochure summarises their contents. It also refers briefly and selectively to complementary work on reliability of supply. CE/SC 39, 1989, 42 pp. Ref. No. 36 Bulk electricity system operational performance. Measurement systems and survey results. (Disponible également en Français, Document 54) This brochure contains information concerning : Objectives for BES operations management; Measurement philosophy; Security measurement system; Survey of utility disturbance performance; Results of disturbance survey; Quality measurement system; Survey of delivery point performance; Results of delivery point survey; Measurement system for BES frequency; Results of frequency quality survey, etc... CE/SC 39 GT/WG 05, 1990, 26 pp. Ref. No Euros Exchange of services between large electricity generating plants and high voltage electric power systems. Public electricity supply systems have developed into very complex and interconnected systems, with components highly dependent on each other. Careful management of the relationship between the components is crucial for provision of a secure, reliable and economic supply of electricity to the end-user /11, 1999, 100 pp. Ref. No Euros An international survey of maintenance policies and trends General information about the utilities that responded. Quality of information is generally good but it is necessary to bear in mind that due to the nature of the information requested (e.g. replacement costs, type of equipment, age etc) much of the information was estimated. 64 responses were entered into a computerised database. Analysis of the general information obtained. Further details of the construction of the database and calculation of composite size and age factors used in the analysis are also given. The method used for detecting correlation between answers is also given. CE/SC 23/39, 2000, 112 pp. Ref. No Euros Maintenance outsourcing guidelines. In CIGRE 2000 Session papers concepts of outsourcing were reviewed including business models, assessing the risk through outsourcing exposure and the development of contractor-owner relationships. These guidelines attempt to review these in a systematic manner. Part I discusses the general issues around the development of a service options strategy, Part 2 focuses on the analysis of outsourcing opportunities, Part 3 considers some more general aspects of outsourcing and Part 4 discusses key performance indicators. CE/SC 23/39 14, 2002, 60 pp. Ref. No Euros 50 Euros The needs and environment of control centre operators during power system restoration. A benchmark questionnaire survey. A presentation of the results of a questionnaire survey on power system restoration, covering operator needs and the changing industry environment. Responses were received from 36 organisations all over the world and the analyses are presented in two parts: Part I - Business, which deals with organisational and * VAT extra for countries concerned Catalog of Cigre Publications

17 strategic aspects of restoration and the influence of market liberalisation on restoration. Part II - Domain, which anlyses domain specific issues related to restoration: operator problems in restoration, ideal needs and their current availability and the gaps. CE/SC 39 GT/WG 01, 2002, 30 pp. Ref. No ,00 Euros D1 28,00 Euros MATERIAUX ET TECHNOLOGIES EMERGENTES MATERIALS AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ex CE/SC 15 MATERIAUX POUR L'ELECTROTECHNOLOGIE MATERIALS FOR ELECTROTECHNOLOGY Rupture diélectrique des gaz dans des champs électriques uniformes. Breakdown of gases in uniform fields. Courbes de Paschen pour l'azote, l'air, l'hexafluorure de soufre, l'hydrogène, le dioxyde de carbone et l'hélium. Paschen curves for nitrogen, sulphur hexafluoride, hydrogen, carbon dioxyde and helium. CE/SC 15 GT/WG 03, 1977, 43 pp. Ref. No. 4 bilingue/bilingual 17 Euros Statistical analysis of dielectric test results. 34 Euros The brochure is the attempt of TF to give missing information in the form of a detailed guide for the analysis of the results of any kind of dielectric tests by means of statistical methods based on the principle of the maximum likelihood. The other classical methods, except the most simple graphical method are not considered since the advantages of the likelihood approach have been shown already. CE/SC 15 GA/TF O1.02, 1992, 63 pp. Ref. No Euros 70 Euros Dielectric diagnosis of electrical equipment for AC applications and its effects on insulation coordination. State of the art report. The present report prepared after three WG meetings, presents the state of the art of the diagnostic methods available today, to the WG members knowledge, to verify the dielectric conditions of insulating materials used in electrical equipment for AC applications. The WG has taken into account as much as possible all the previous work on the subject performed with CIGRE SC and WG and references to the relevant papers have been made. CE/SC15/33 GT/WG33/15.08, 1990,34pp. Ref. No Euros 22 Euros Advanced materials - Final Report The status of materials suitable for cables - switchgear - transformers - substation and overhead lines are reviewed. Some opportunities and suggestions are noted. In many cases individual CIGRE Study Committees are focussed on state-of-the-art technology; however new opportunities do exist. Advanced materials issues relate to definition - methods of reporting and proprietary concerns - all of which are addressed , 2000, 135 pp. Ref. No Euros EX CE/SC 33 COORDINATION DE L ISOLEMENT DES RESEAUX D ENERGIE POWER SYSTEM INSULATION COORDINATION Guidelines for representation of network elements when calculating transients. This report gives guidance to all experts as well as to beginners who have to deal with any kind of electrical transient phenomena in power systems, how to represent network elements to achieve an acceptable accuracy for their calculations. CE/SC 33 GT/WG 02, 1990, 30 pp. Ref. No Euros 42 Euros Attenuation de propagation des surtensions due à l effet couronne. Distortion and attenuation of travelling waves caused by transient corona. This brochure reports on the results of experimental and analytical studies which were performed during several years of collaboration between EdF and the Polytechnical Institute, Bucarest (Romania). CE/SC 33, 1990, 75 pp. Ref. No. 55 bilingue/bilingual 41 Euros 82 Euros Parafoudres à oxyde métallique dans les réseaux alternatifs. Metal oxide surge arresters in AC systems. The development of the zinc oxide varistors to be applicable to the protection of transient overvoltages in HV systems, introduced an equipment with qualities very much different from the qualities of the up to then well known surge arresters with silicon carbide resistors and series spark gaps. The correct application of this new type of surge arrester needed more detailed knowledge about the transient behaviour of the system and the arrester stresses caused by the system during different operating conditions. CE/SC 33 GT/WG 06, 1991, 87 pp. Ref. No. 60 bilingue/bilingual Guide to procedures for estimating the lightning performance of transmission lines. The primary aim is to apply modern knowledge about various aspects of the lightning discharge including the striking process, the discharge parameters and the overvoltage disturbance mechanism, as well as the related transmission line overvoltage response in a set of practical engineering procedures, whereby the expected lightning performance of a line may be estimated with a reasonable degree of confidence. CE/SC 33 GT/WG 01, 1991, 61 pp. Ref. No Euros 68 Euros Guidelines for the evaluation of the dielectric strength of external insulation. Guideline dealing with the dielectric strength of external insulation, namely air gaps and insulators, with special reference to transient overvoltages. The aim is to illustrate the general trends in dielectric strength as a function of the most important influencing parameters and to give methods and criteria for its evaluation. Catalogue des publications Cigré * TVA à ajouter pour les pays concernés 16

18 CE/SC 33 GT/WG 07, 1992, 87 pp. Ref. No. 72 Overvoltages on HVDC cables. Final Report. The number of HVDC projects using long DC cables is increasing, mostly for submarine power transmission. A larger number of such HVDC schemes are already in operation or in planning stage. The economic design of DC cables is very important, because the cost of DC cables is high in proportion to the total cost of HVDC submarine cable transmission. CE/SC33 JWG 33/21/14.16, 1994, 55pp. Ref. No Euros Lightning characteristics relevant for electrical engineering: assessment of sensing, recording and mapping requirements in the light of present technological advancements. Power systems are always exposed to some extent to lightning caused disturbances. Unfortunately, lightning protection design and protection devices do not always provide the desired reduction of damage. Sometimes, the reason is that designs are based on lightning data which are not always properly used, since records show that parameters can present different values at different geographical locations. CE/SC 33 GT/WG 01.02, 1995, 37 pp. Ref. No. 94 Monograph on GIS very fast transients. With the introduction of GIS a new type of overvoltages called fast transients was created. They contain frequencies far above those arising in conventional open-air substations and have thus caused unexpected problems for the GIS insulation or the insulation of other equipment connected to it. CE/SC 33/13 GT/WG 09, 1989, 208 pp. Ref. No Euros 74 Euros Guidelines for the applications of metal oxide arresters without gaps for HVDC converter stations. This guide for metal oxide arresters without gaps for HVDC converter stations is a supplement to the application guide for insulation coordination and arrester protection of HVDC converter stations published in Electra No.96 (Oct. 1984). It gives basic information about metal oxide material and basic arrester characteristics of value when designing and specifying an arrester protective scheme and specifying the arresters. CE/SC 33/14 GT/WG 05, 1989, 38 pp. Ref. No Euros 40 Euros Lightning exposure of structures and interception efficiency of air terminals. A review of lightning parameters derived from field measurements of real and triggered lightning and experimental data published in the scientific literature, defining the parameters needed for the simulation of lightning phenomenon. In particular the relationship between the negative charge in the downward leader channel and the lightning current amplitude of the first stroke is derived. CE/SC33 GT/WG 01.03, 1997, pp. Ref. No Euros 28 Euros Natural and artificial ageing and pollution testing of polymeric insulators The report is a review of the current state of knowledge on ageing and pollution tests for polymeric insulators; this review deals with outdoor polymeric insulations including, but not limited to : composite line insulators defined in IEC 1109 ; composite line post insulators defined in IEC project 1952 ; hollow composite insulators defined in IEC project 1462 ; insulators for other applications using similar technology. The test procedures that have been reviewed are also generally applicable for RTV coated ceramic insulators, hybrid insulators and resin based insulators for outdoor use (e.g. expoxy resin). However specific evaluation criteria for these insulators are not discussed ,07, 0, 45 pp. Ref. No Euros Guidelines for insulation coordination in live working The Guide contains the main aspects to be taken into consideration in the assessment of insulation coordination during live working on overhead transmission lines; the basis rules and influence factors for the determination of the minimum distances to be maintained between parts at different potential, including the worker himself, are given as well as for the evaluation of the risk of insulation failure. CE/SC 33 GT/WG 07, 2000, 72 pp. Ref. No. 151 Polluted insulators : a review of current knowledge. The performance of insulators used on overhead lines and overhead distribution lines and in outdoor substations is a key factor in determining the reliability of power delivery systems. The insulators not only must withstand normal operating voltage, but also must withstand overvoltages that may cause disturbances, flashovers and line outages. The reduction in the performance of outdoor insulators occurs mainly by the pollution of the insulating surfaces from air-borne depositis that may form a conducting or partially conducting surface layer when wet , 2000, 170 pp. Ref. No Euros Characterization of lightning for applications in electric power systems. This document evolves as a continuation of a previous report (No. 94). Both documents are aimed at providing insight into lightning parameters for application in the electric power industry. It now discussed the role that different lightning parameters play in the creation of surge overvoltages that may produce line insulation flashover. The possibility to use lightning current estimates as the base predictor of other parameters is addressed both for negative and positive flashes. An overview of protection design is described. CE/SC , 2000, 34 pp. Ref. No. 172 D2 SYSTEMES D INFORMATION ET TELECOMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS CE/SC 35 * VAT extra for countries concerned Catalog of Cigre Publications

19 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ET TELECOMMANDE DES RESEAUX D ENERGIE POWER SYSTEM COMMUNICATION AND TELECONTROL Mémorandum sur les systèmes à courants porteurs sur lignes d énergie. Memorandum on power line carrier systems. The memorandum is intended to provide information on the already extensive and growing use of high frequency power line carrier systems by the power authorities in many countries. Since such telecommunications systems are operated over open wire lines designed for the bulk transmission of energy, there can in principle be some radiation of high frequency energy and conversely the communication system may itself suffer interference from other systems. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 04, 1974, 60 pp. Ref. No. 14 bilingue/bilingual Guide sur les courants porteurs. The increasing complexity and interconnection of power networks has resulted in the continuing development and application of power line carrier in many countries. There is a need to supplement and bring up to date existing information on PLC and to incorporate information on the current state of the art, together with a sufficient theoretical treatment of the subject towards a better understanding of the basic aspects of PLC communication. CE/SC 35, 1979, 274 pp. Ref. No. 15 bilingue/bilingual Guide for planning of power system telecommunication networks. The objective of this guide is to bring together information on the varieties of services required for power system telecommunications networks and on the typical properties of the various possible methods in order to assist in the choice of method and thus to facilitate the planning of future networks. The design of a power authority telecommunications network may differ widely from one country to another as dictated by the geographic conditions, the economics. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 04, 1985, 44 pp. Ref. No. 16 Guide on mobile radio for the electricity utilities. A reliable and effective communications network is an essential feature of an electricity undertaking s operational and engineering functions, contributing to the safety of personnel, the public and plant, and optimising the available resources of the organisation. As a result, the quality of service to the customer is considerably enhanced. Mobile radio enables the communication network to be extended to the man in the field. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 04, 1987, 149 pp. Ref. No. 17 Structure of telecontrol centres and overall systems. The methods for designing telecontrol systems vary very much in different countries due to different conditions, e.g. power production and grid, as well as of an organisational nature. One is also dependent on the techniques and economics of the control system components, e.g. computers and communication equipment. Giving the most common methods for designing telecontrol systems, but other methods could and will be applied in the future. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 01, 1987, 143 pp. Ref. No. 18 Overall impact of digital techniques for transmission systems (Substation control). This report does not attempt to give a precise description of the possible solutions but is rather a guide for persons working in this field rather than a collection of definitive recommendations. Although confirmed to transmission application, many of the techniques discussed are applicable to distribution systems. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 06, 1989, 54 pp. Ref. No. 19 Guide for planning of power utility digital telecommunications networks. The planning guide does not propose exact recommendations for network selections or equipment selections. However descriptions of possible alternative solutions and evolution paths are postulated. Particularly the guide attempts to highlight the various items to be considered when a power utility is planning the transition to a digitally based network. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 02, 1989, 129 pp. Ref. No Euros 70 Euros Guidelines for software project control. The purpose of the report is to provide guidelines for customer and supplier project control to ensure quality in developing software for telecontrol system projects. The report is focusing on project management from a software point of view and is therefore intended as practical manual for the software management, rather than as a general project management manual. CE/SC 35, 1994, 75 pp. Ref. No Euros New telecontrol systems architecture. Open systems. The power utilities are undergoing significant changes including deregulation, increased competitions, take-overs, mergers and down sizing. Top utility management is emphasing innovative approaches to better planning and operations. As power utilities transform into the 90 s, the business of operating a power system has become very complex and is changing rapidly. Environmental concerns lead to emissions trading and operating constraints. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 01, 1995, 45 pp. Ref. No Euros 22 Euros Mobile radio systems in power utilities. SC35 published a first Guide on Mobile Radio in Power utilities in Since that date many new mobile radio systems have been introduced or are planned. This new brochure takes care not to repeat the earlier works and therefore readers will need to refer back to the original guide on matters of principle and for the details and descriptions of basic and conventional systems. CE/SC 35, 1994, 145 pp. Ref. No Euros 74 Euros Telecommunication network management in power utilities. This report includes a description of telecommunication networks and their use in power utilities, the needs, reasons and requirements for telecommunications network management; Catalogue des publications Cigré * TVA à ajouter pour les pays concernés 18

20 Descriptions of existing telecommunication network management systems; a description of trends in management, the concept of an integrated network management system. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 02, 1994, 105 pp. Ref. No Euros 64 Euros Optical fibre planning guide for power utilities. All information required by a power utility not schooled in the technology to plan and define an optical telecommunications system. Power utilities may be considering optical telecommunications systems for their own technical and business requirements or for third party business ventures outside the needs of the utility. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 04, 1994, 85 pp. Ref. No Euros Availability of telecontrol systems. Questionnaire on availability. The growing use of computerised control systems in electric power networks has increased the importance and interest of their availability performance and maintenance arrangements. This paper describes the results of a study on this subject which has been carried out by WG01 of SC35. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 01, 1990, 86 pp. Ref. No Euros 48 Euros Evaluation of the questionnaire : Fibre optics for power utilities communications. The information given ranges from general aspects to applications, parameters of typical systems, optical fibre cables and also to commercial and legal questions. These results will be used for the future activities of the Working Group. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 04, 1990, 25 pp. Ref. No Euros 32 Euros Requirements and performance of packet switching networks with special reference to telecontrol. Power utilities are already using packet switching networks for many purposes, ranging from real-time to administrative data and from inter-utility to intra-utility communications and there is a general interest in this kind of network. Nevertheless there are no requirements yet set for such technology in the field of telecontrol. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 03, 1991, 25 pp. Ref. No Euros 32 Euros Renewal of existing telecontrol systems. The utilisation of digital computers in electric power control systems is now widespread around the world. On the basis of the acquired experience the operating life of a telecontrol system ranges from 10 to 15 years. Several factors intervene over the years to render the telecontrol system obsolescent. The hardware is certainly one of the main reasons. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 01, 1992, 31 pp. Ref. No. 67 Man machine interface using full graphics. A major change in technology is in progress in the energy control centres today, and this will reflect in the use of work stations with full graphics in the man-machine interface. Semi-graphics display technology has been used in the power industry for some years. It provided high speed display response at reasonable cost and was sufficient and flexible enough for many implementations, particularly in the field of transmission telecontrol. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 01, 1992, 44 pp. Ref. No. 76 The use of the transport layer in telecontrol systems. An overview of the possibilities and implications of the introduction of a transport layer in telecontrol systems in the context of the ISO seven layer architecture for the interconnection of open systems. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 03, 1993, 26 pp. Ref. No Euros Power system communication in the high speed environment. The brochure focuses on the present high speed transport and access technologies being considered and employed by various utilities. Special attention is given to the operational services, their requirements and how they can be realised on top of these technologies. It is noted that the technologies have not reached full maturity, that the standardisation process is still incomplete and that the employment of these technologies needs special attention. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 07, 1997, 114 pp. Ref. No Euros 40 Euros Business opportunities for power utilities in the telecommunications market. The purpose of this brochure is to provide the telecommunications managers of power utilities with information on the business opportunities for their organisation to enter the telecommunications market, the potential benefits to the core utility business, the risks involved and the steps necessary to plan and implement a successful entry into the market. It is intended to enable those decision makers to formulate a strategic response that best meets the needs of their utility. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 08, 1997, pp. Ref. No Euros 34 Euros Database management for telecontrol systems. To perform real-time control it is necessary to handle information. Progress in technology allowed a tremendous increase in the use of microprocessors in industrial equipment, hence information began to appear organized in databases structures and the software and control centres became more elaborated, increasing the number of applications with specific requirements in terms of information performance. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 01, 1997, pp. Ref. No Euros 22 Euros New opportunities for optical fibre technology in electricity utilities. The brochure provides utilities with ideas for maximising the utilisation of deployed optical cables. In addition, widespread deregulation of the telecommunications service industry has meant that utilities are now able to offer telecommunications services to external customers and many utilities have already sought additional business opportunities by developing their networks beyond the requirements for their own business. CE/SC 35 GT/WG 04, 1997, 59 pp. Ref. No. 106 * VAT extra for countries concerned Catalog of Cigre Publications