Climate change. Source : Stern Review

Transcription

1 Issues for regulation of agricultural biotechnology in Burkina Faso A Presentation by Drissa Sérémé, Ph.D. Deputy Director of Virology and Plant Biotechnology Lab of INERA Member of International Joint Laboratory Phato-Bios INERA-IRD - Burkina Faso -

2 Outline of Presentation Context Regulation of agricultural biotechnology Regulation implication on INERA work

3 Context Population growth and human migrations Growing inequalities Population dietary habits modification Environment degradation (Eau, Terre etc ) Climate change

4 Climate change Source : Stern Review

5 Agriculture Challenge Need for Africa to improve the agricultural productivity to feed growing populations while supporting economic development and preserving the environment

6 What to DO? How to DO? The status quo is not an option

7 One of the solution is Promoting Agricultural Biotechnology

8 Promoting Agricultural Biotechnology The African leaders are convinced that Science and Technology are the key option for improving the agricultural productivity in Africa

9 Agr. Bio Biotechnology & Biosafety The advent of modern biotechnology and especially potential for its application in food processing, and environmental management was seen as a breakthrough in dealing with problems that face mankind (World Bank, 2008; FAO, 2004). However, development and application of biotechnology in a safe and sustainable manner remains a subject of considerable debate worldwide. The only way to balance the potential benefits and risks as well as different concerns is through REGULATION

10 Toxicology Allergies? Antibiotique? Because Agriculture Pratiques culturales? Price?

11 And add to this Slow and steady wins the race Otherwise

12 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety Ratification : 04 août 2003.

13 LAW It determines the terms and conditions for the use of GMO and theirs products (Excepted pharmaceutical products) It Fixes the institutional framework Adopted 17 march 2006 Promulgated 13 April 2006 Amended in december 2013

14 Burkina Faso Biosafety Frameworks MRSI National competent authority National Biosecurity Agency National advisory organs National Biosecurity Observatory (ONB) National Scientific Committee of Biosecurity (CSNB) 33 members 12 members

15 REGULATION IMPLICATION ON INERA WORK

16 Major steps of Bt Cotton introduction 2003 : Introduction of Bt cotton by INERA for confined Field Trial : Confined Field Trial at Farako-Bâ and Kouare research stations

17 Major steps of Bt Cotton introduction : Bt gene transfert from USA cotton varieties to INERA s one by backcross : Beginning of GM Bollgard II commercial seeds production and field production 2013: Burkina Faso increased its Bt cotton hectares by over 50% from 313,781 hectares in 2012 to 474,229

18 Step before confined trial

19 Stakeholders identification and implication Cotton sector stakeholders (Producers, cotton companies ) Cotton products users (huileries, filateurs ) Research Policy makers Civil society Partner companies

20 Authorizations issue - Fill out an application form and sent it to the registrar at the National Biosafety Agency (ANB) - Evaluation of the application by the advisory committee (CSNB ET ONB) which makes a recommendations : * Importation permit * Permit to experiment

21 Scientific process of Company research agreement Objectives Definition Identifying potential adverse effects that might result from genetic modification by comparing the GM crops with its non-conventional counterpart Predicting the possibility that the identified potential adverse effect will occur evaluating the identified risk To assess the potential Socio-Economic impact of the GM Products To communicate and interact with the public

22 TRIALS CONFINEMENT FOR PREVENTING GENE FLOW

23 124,8 m Bt cotton field trial Design Test of efficacy 15 m 1,2 m 1,2 m 2 m 10 m 1,2 m 10 m 2 m 10 m 10 m 2 m 10 m 10 m 2 m 1,2 m 10 m 10 m 2 m B a n d e d e 0 2 m n o n e m b la v é e e n c o to n 2 m 2 m 57-Fk37 pv 58-Fk37 nt 10 m 59-Fk290 t 60-Fk290 pv 61-Dp50 nt 64-St59A nt 56-Fk290 nt 55-BgII t 54-Dp50 pv 51-St59A pv 62-St59A t 63-Fk37 t Repétition IV 6,4 m 53-Dp50 t 52-BgII nt 50-BgII b 49-BgII a A llé e d e 0 2 m d e la r g e e n tr e le s r é p é titio n s 41-Fk37 pv 42-Fk37 nt 43-Fk290 t 44-BgII nt 45-Fk290 nt 46-St59A t 47-St59A pv 48-Dp50 t Repétition III 40-Fk37 t 39-Dp50 nt 2 m 2 m 38-Fk290 pv 37-St59A nt 36-BgII b 35-BgII t 34-Dp50 pv 33-BgII a A llé e d e 0 2 m d e la r g e e n tr e le s r é p é titio n s 25-Fk290 t 26-Dp50 t 27-BgII nt 28-Fk37 t 29-Fk290 nt 30-St59A t 31-St59A pv 32-St59A nt Bande de 15 m emblavée avec du coton local 2 1, Repétition II 1,2 m 24-Fk290 pv 23-Dp50 nt 22-Dp50 pv 21-Fk37 nt 20-Fk37 pv 19-BgII t 18-BgII b 17-BgII a 2 m A llé e d e 0 2 m d e la r g e e n tr e le s r é p é titio n s 9-St59A nt 10-Fk37 nt 1,2 m 11-BgII t 12-Fk290 pv 13-Dp50 t 14-St59A t 15-St59A pv 16-Fk290 t Repétition I 8-Fk37 t 7-Dp50 nt 6-Dp50 pv 5-Fk290 nt 4-BgII nt 3-Fk37 pv 2-BgII b 1-BgII a 1 5 m 2 m 6, 4 m 6,4 m 6,4 m 6,4 m 6,4 m 6, 4 m 6,4 m 6,4 m 2 m 1 5 m 1,2 m 1,2 m 1,2 m 1,2 m 1,2 m 1,2 m 1,2 m 15 m 9 3,6 m

24 Bt cotton trial confinement

25 Confinement Trial Abri grillagé Bande de protection de 15 m minimum Allée (2 m) Essai isolé à plus de 300 M de tout autre champ de coton

26 Interior view 26

27 POST-HARVEST MONITORING MEASURES FOR MATERIAL CONFINEMENT

28 Plant cutting and assembly

29 In the presence of a bailiff

30 Seeds and plants destruction Grow back destruction

31 Measures to prevent seed dispersal Restricted access, Labelling, Counting, Packaging Storage Transport

32 COMMUNICATION & OUTREACH

33 Challenge: Communication with Public Fields periodic visits Open days Articles, BBA Journal

34 Producers Researchers Media Field visits Technical ministries(mecv (MECV, MAHRH, MESSRS) Policy makers Cotton companies Civil society Organisations (ACA, ISAAA, Ambassades ) Partenaire MONSANTO ISAAA, 2006 MAHRH, 2006, Boni

35 BT-COWPEA IN BURKINA

36 Bt-Cowpea introduction in Burkina Faso Justification Economic importance of cowpea in Burkina Insects attaks constitute the major constraint to cowpea production: losses % due to Maruca vitrata insect Lack of genetic source of resistance against this insect An opportunity: Bt toxine Cry1Ab

37 Context before experimentation Context was favored by INERA experience on Bt cotton Similitude between Maruca mode of actions and those of Helicoverpa on cotton National expertise strengthened on gene flow, Maruca s biology and ecology etc. Study tours in Brazil, South Africa, Nigeria etc. Project Partners : - AATF - CORAF - USAID November 2010 : Permit to import and to experiment issued by ANB

38 Bt-cowpea confined trial Bt gene transfert from USA cowpea varieties to INERA s one by backcross

39 AFRICAN BIOFORTIFIED SORGHUM IN BURKINA

40 Others ongoing biotech African Biofortified Sorghum (ABS): Nutritionally enhanced sorghum for marginal areas in Africa Technology Development Product Development Enabling Environment & Product Distribution Pioneer UC Berkeley CSIR ICRISAT ARC, INERA, KARI University of Pretoria Africa Harvest AATF CORAF

41 Tissus culture: Potatoe micropropagation - Economic Importance Others ongoing biotech -Seed quality contribution to yields: about 40 % - Potatoe seeds are imported

42 OPEN FORUM ON AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (OFAB)

43 OFAB was initiated by AATF in 2006 to facilitate structured and regular discussions on pertinent issues on modern biotechnology research, development and deployment in Africa. It aims at enhancing understanding of biotechnology to inform decision making. In addition to Burkina Faso, OFAB is operational in five other African countries - Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Tanzania and Ghana.

44 22 October 2012: OFAB Africa Launches Burkina Faso Chapter OFAB Burkina is the first OFAB chapter in Francophone Africa and is a collaborative effort between the African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF) and Environment and Agricultural Research Institute (INERA) the

45 RECOMBINANTE PROTEIN PRODUCTION IN PLANTA

46 Strategy Others ongoing biotech Using plant virus silencing suppressors, we have developed technic to produce in quantity a protein of interest by co-agroinfiltration of tabacco (N. benthamiana) This innovative technology was patented

47 Patent: Means for the transient production in plants of recombinant proteins that can be used in particular in prophylaxis and in therapeutics WO 2011/ A1 co-ownership ownership between INERA and IRD (France)

48 Partnership The fruitful collaboration between INERA and IRD lead recently (sept 2013) to the development of an International Joint Laboratory (LMI) hosted by INERA Observatory of plant pathogens in West Africa: Biodiversity and Biosafety Aim: to develop a plant observatory open platform to promote the emergence and the realization of new collaborative projects on plant pathogens and especially on agricultural biotechnology

49 Because A single finger cannot take a stone Union makes strength When the canvases of spiders unite, they can attack a lion

50 Pour terminer Norman E. Borlaug (Feu) 1970 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate La Biotechnologie responsable et intelligente n est pas l ennemi, L ennemi, c est la faim et la famine.

51 Avis Les biotechne sont pas certainement la panacée. Notre avis reflète à la fois la prudence que doit susciter toute innovation scientifique et la nécessité pour la science de ne pas ignorer un front de progrès des connaissances

52 MERCI POUR VOTRE ATTENTION SOUTENUE THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

53 Your Questions and Contributions