ECONOMIC load dispatch (ELD) is a non-linear constrained
|
|
- Randolph Peters
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 Stochastc Real-Tme Schedulng of Wnd-thermal Generaton Unts n an Electrc Utlty Alreza Soroud, Member, IEEE, Abbas Rabee, Member, IEEE, and Andrew Keane, Senor Member, IEEE Abstract The objectve of dynamc economc dspatch (DED) problem s to fnd the optmal dspatch of generaton unts n a gven operaton horzon to supply a pre-specfed demand, whle satsfyng a set of constrants. In ths paper, an effcent method based on Optmalty Condton Decomposton (OCD) technque s proposed to solve the DED problem n real-tme envronment whle consderng wnd power generaton and pool market. The uncertantes of wnd power generaton as well as the electrcty prces are also taken nto account. The above uncertantes are handled usng scenaro based approach. To llustrate the effectveness of the proposed approach, t s appled on 40, 54 thermal generaton unts, and a large-scale practcal system wth 391 thermal generaton unts. The obtaned results substantate the applcablty of the proposed method for solvng the real-tme DED problem wth uncertan wnd power generaton. Index Terms Dynamc economc dspatch, Optmalty condton decomposton, Real-tme, Scenaro based uncertanty modelng, Wnd power generaton. Pw avl s,t I,t v c n/v c out Pw f t λ f t D f t P max/mn Pp max/mn t π s P,t Pp s,t wp s,t w s λ s Pw s,t NOMENCLATURE Avalable wnd power generaton capacty at scenaro s and tme t (MW) Auxlary bnary parameter denotes on/off status of generaton unt n tme t Cut-n/out speed of wnd turbne (m/sec) Forecasted value of wnd power generaton (as a percent of Pr w ) Forecasted value of electrcty prce Forecasted value of demand Maxmum/mnmum lmt of power generaton of th thermal unt Maxmum/mnmum Power purchased from pool market n tme t (MW) Probablty of scenaro s Power produced by thermal unt n tme t (MW) Power purchased from pool market at scenaro s and tme t (MW) Percent of wnd farm capacty avalable at scenaro s and tme t Percent of wnd farm capacty avalable at scenaro s Percent of peak electrcty prce at scenaro s Power produced by wnd farm at scenaro s and tme t (MW) A. Rabee s wth the Department of Electrcal Engneerng, Faculty of Engneerng, Unversty of Zanjan, Zanjan , Iran, (e-mal: rabee@znu.ac.r) Alreza Soroud and Andrew Keane are wth the School of Electrcal, Electronc and Communcatons Engneerng, Unversty College Dubln, (emal: alreza.soroud@ucd.e, andrew.keane@ucd.e) The work of A. Soroud was conducted n the Electrcty Research Centre, Unversty College Dubln, Ireland, whch s supported by the Commsson for Energy Regulaton, Bord Gás Energy, Bord na Móna Energy, Cylon Controls, ErGrd, Electrc Ireland, EPRI, ESB Internatonal, ESB Networks, Gaelectrc, Intel, SSE Renewables, UTRC and Vrdan Power & Energy. A. Soroud s funded through Scence Foundaton Ireland (SFI) SEES Cluster under grant number SFI/09/SRC/E1780. A. Keane s supported by the SFI Charles Parsons Energy Research Awards SFI/06/CP/E005. Pt D Ppeak D D f t Power demand n tme t (MW) Peak power demand (MW) Percent of forecasted value of demand to the peak demand Λ Peak electrcty prce of pool market UR /DR Ramp-up/down lmt of power generaton of th thermal unt (MW/h) Pr w Rated power of wnd farm (MW) v r Rated speed of wnd turbne (m/sec) s Scenaro s t Tme nterval t NS Total number of scenaros T Total number of tme ntervals Thermal generaton unt TC Total costs ($) OF Total beneft ($) λ P s,t The prce of purchased energy from pool market n tme t and scenaro s($/mwh) λ D s,t The prce of energy sold to consumers n tme t and scenaro s ($/MWh) I. INTRODUCTION ECONOMIC load dspatch (ELD) s a non-lnear constraned optmzaton problem whch plays an mportant role n the economc operaton of power systems [1] [4]. Dynamc economc dspatch (DED), whch s an extenson of ELD for a gven operaton horzon, takes nto account the connecton of dfferent operatng tmes by consderng ramp-rate constrants of thermal generaton unts. In recent decade, several economc and envronmental reasons motvate ncreasng the share of renewable technologes n electrcty generaton [5]. However the nherent uncertantes assocated wth the operaton these energy resources and the dynamc constrants lke ramp-rate lmts make the DED problem more sophstcated. On the other hand, the recent trends toward the smart grds and also the mportance of ntegraton of renewable energy sources (regardng envronmental concerns) [6], have ncreased the need for realtme dspatchng methodologes. A real-tme dspatch method makes dspatchng decsons quckly, and s not responsble for extracton of commtment decsons and wll not consder start-up costs n any of ts dspatchng or prcng decsons n the studed horzon [7]. Thus, a powerful tool s needed for handlng the uncertantes of renewable energy resources [8] [10] along wth the techncal and economcal constrants of thermal unts. The motvaton of ths study s to provde such a tool. In other words, n ths paper the real-tme DED problem s formulated by consderng uncertan wnd power generaton (as an mportant and most popular renewable energy resource), and t s solved by utlzng OCD approach n real-tme envronment. Besdes, uncertantes n pool market prces are consdered n the proposed DED model, n order to make t more realstc and practcal.
2 2 A. Lterature revew The OCD technque s a powerful theoretcal and algorthmc approach for addressng contnuous NLP optmzaton problems, as well as the problems whch requre explotaton of ther nherent mathematcal structure va decomposton prncples [11]. OCD s based on relaxng the complcatng constrants [12]. Complcatng constrants are those that f relaxed, the resultng problem decomposes nto several smpler problems. The successful applcatons of the OCD technque have been reported n varous research felds such as: Mult-area optmal power flow [11] OPF for overlappng areas n power systems [13] Coordnated voltage control of large mult-area power systems [14] Optmal ntegraton of ntermttent energy sources [15] Predctve control for coordnaton n mult-carrer Energy Systems [16] Decomposed stochastc model predctve control for optmal dspatch of storage and generaton [17] Integrated water and power modelng framework for renewable energy ntegraton [18] In recent years, many approaches have been proposed for consderng the mpact of wnd power generaton on ELD problem. In [19], a method s proposed whch estmates the avalable wnd power and then solves the ELD problem. In [20], a tme seres of observed and predcted 15-mn average wnd speeds at foreseen onshore and offshore wnd farms locatons s proposed. A heurstc method (.e bacteral foragng algorthm) s proposed n [21] for solvng the ELD problem. In [22], [23], the use of battery storage s consdered for makng the wnd turbne dspatchable. In [24], a new method s ntroduced for generatng correlated wnd power values and explans how to apply the method when evaluatng economc dspatch. II. OPTIMALITY CONDITION DECOMPOSITION Consder an optmzaton problem wth the specfed decomposable structure, whch conssts of N blocks of varables as follows. max X f(x 1,,X n) = N f n(x n) (1) n=1 h n(x 1,,X n) 0, n = 1,,N (2) g n(x n) 0, n = 1,,N (3) Where X n = [ ] x n1,,x nφn are the varables for each block n n whch the orgnal problem (1 )-(3) decomposes. φ n s the cardnalty of n-th block of varables. Constrants (2) and (3) represent both equalty and nequalty constrants of the problem. In the above optmzaton problem, (2) are the complcatng constrants,.e. by relaxaton of these constrants, the overall optmzaton problem wll be decomposed to several (here N ndependent sub-problems). By nvestgaton of the frst-order KKT optmalty condtons for the aforementoned problem, whch s descrbed n detal n [25], the orgnal problem could be decomposed to N ndependent sub-problems as follows. N max f n(x n)+ λ T kh k ( X n) (4) k=1,k n h n( X n) 0 (5) g n(x n) 0 (6) Where X n = [ X1,, X n 1,X n, X n+1,, X N ]. It s worth to menton that the varables wth above them, are known for n-th sub-problem. Also, λ k s the obtaned value for Lagrange multplers of k-th complcatng constrants, whch s obtaned n k-th sub-problem. Fg.1 llustrates basc functonalty of the OCD approach. f ( X,..., X 1 N ) f1( X 1)... fn ( X N ) B. Contrbuton In ths paper, a powerful stochastc real-tme DED model s proposed for an electrc utlty to determne ts optmal strategy n supplyng the demand of ts customers. The thermal unts, wnd power generaton and pool market are taken nto account as the energy procurement resources. The uncertantes n wnd power generaton as well as pool market prces are consdered and modeled by scenaro based approach. the resultant model s solved usng the OCD approach, n real-tme envronment. g1( X 1)... gn ( X N ) N T * ( ) + λk k ( ) f1 X1 h X1 k = 2 * 1( 1 ) h1 ( X1,..., X N ) hn ( X1,..., X N ) h X... g 1( X 1 ) N 1 T * ( ) + λ ( ) fn X N k hk X N k = 1 * hn ( X N ) g ( X ) N N C. Paper organzaton Ths paper s set out as follows: secton II provdes a general descrpton of OCD algorthm. Secton III deals wth uncertanty modelng n the proposed real-tme DED. Secton IV presents DED problem formulaton. Applcaton of OCD on the DED problem s presented n Secton V. Smulaton results are presented n secton VI and fnally, Secton VII concludes the paper. Fg. 1. Decomposton by OCD technque III. SCENARIO BASED UNCERTAINTY MODELING The assumptons and techncal constrants are descrbed as follows:
3 3 A. Assumptons The electrc utlty s pad a fxed prce for each MWh whch sells to the customers. The electrc utlty has three optons for supplyng the demand of ts customers namely: pool market, thermal generatng unts and fnally the wnd turbne power generaton. The electrc utlty s assumed to be the owner of the thermal and wnd generatng unts. The wnd generaton and electrcty prce n pool market are assumed to be uncertan parameters. The proposed tool s run every 15-mnutes and t consders ntervals (the length of each nterval s 15 mnutes). Ths rollng wndow starts at t = 0 and moves toward the end of the operatng horzon t = T as shown n Fg.2. Fg. 3. The uncertan parameter (Pu) t1 t2 t T 1 T Tme (t) Scattered realzaton of the uncertan parameter over the tme... Prce or Wnd Scenaros s 1 s NS 1 s NS Expected Prce (Forecasted) Fg. 2. The rollng wndow concept of proposed method Fg. 4. t t 1 2 tt 1 Scenaro modelng around the forecasted value t T Future Horzon B. Uncertanty modelng of wnd turbne power generaton and electrcty prces The generaton power of a wnd turbne depends on ts nput source of energy. The varaton of wnd speed s a key factor for determnaton of wnd turbne s output. The prce of energy n the pool market s determned based on the competton between the market players. The value of prce n each hour s an uncertan parameter. The hstorc data of wnd speed n the regon and electrcty prces can be used to probablstcally model the uncertantes of wnd speed [26]. In ths paper, t s assumed that the forecasted values of wnd power generaton (Pw f t ) and electrcty prces (λ f t ) are avalable, as depcted n Fg. 3.To defne wnd power generaton scenaros, one can consder beta dstrbuton for wnd power [27] or webull dstrbuton for wnd speed besde wnd turbne cure [28]. The latter s consdered n ths paper whch s descrbed wth more detals n Appendx A. The realzaton of wnd power (Pw s,t ) and electrcty prce (λ P s,t) are modeled usng scenaros around the forecasted value, as shown conceptually n Fg. 4. It s assumed that the actual wnd power generaton and electrcty prce s normally dstrbuted around the correspondng forecasted value µ = Pw f t or µ = λ f t. In ths work, 7 scenaros are consdered for modelng the uncertan parameter (µ,µ ± 3σ) as depcted n Fg. 5. The probablty of fallng nto each scenaro s ndcated on the correspondng area, as shown n Fg. 5. It s assumed that for the employed normal dstrbuton, σ = 0.01µ. It s also assumed that the varaton electrcty prce values are ndependent wth the varatons of wnd speeds. The scenaros of wnd power generatons and prce values are combned and a unque set of scenaros (.e. 49 scenaros) s constructed. Each scenaro contanst avalable wnd power generaton andt prce values as follows ( t = t 1,...,t T and s = s 1,...,s NS ). λ P s,t = λ s λ f t Λ (7) wp s,t = w s Pw f t (8) Pw avl s,t = mn(wp s,t P w r,p w r ) (9) P D t = D f t P D peak (10) If expected value of wnd speed s n the nterval [v r,v c out], consderng the wnd turbne cure (see Appendx A), wnd generators produce ther maxmum value as long as wnd speed s n the above nterval. Hence, there s no scenaro wth wnd generaton greater than ts forecasted value, whch s a usual case. Ths fact s reflected n (9). IV. REAL-TIME DED PROBLEM FORMULATION The objectve functon of the proposed tool s to fnd the optmal dynamc schedule of the generatng unts to maxmze the total benefts, whch s formulated as follows: A. Total cost of energy procurement The producton cost of thermal unts s defned as: C (P,t) = a P 2,t +b P,t +c (11) where a, b and c are the fuel cost coeffcents of the th unt. The total cost pad by the electrc utlty s calculated as follows: TC = s,t ( ) π spp s,tλ P s,t + (I,tC (P,t)) (12),t
4 4 Fg. 5. µ 3δ µ 2δ µ δ µ µ + δ µ + 2δ µ + 3δ Normal varaton of uncertan parameter around the forecasted value problem s decomposed nto several smpler problems [25]. In the DED problem, ramp rate constrants (.e. (15)) are the complcatng constrants [29]. Snce the P D t and λ D s,t are known parameters and are gven data of the problem then maxmzng the OF (18) would be the same as mnmzng the total costs. By relaxng the ramp rate constrants, correspondng consecutve m and m + 1-th subproblems (.e. for t = t m and t = t m+1 ) of the DED n k th teraton of the OCD are as follows: For nterval t = t m (.e. m th sub-problem): In each tme step and scenaro the power balance constrants should be satsfed as follows: B. Constrants 1) Real power balance (I,tP,t)+Pw s,t +Pp s,t = Pt D (13) 2) Generaton lmts of thermal unts: P mn P,t P max (14) 3) Ramp up and ramp down constrants: The output power change rate of the thermal unt should be below the prespecfed lmts called ramp rates. Ths s to avod damagng the boler and combuston equpment. These lmts are stated as follows: P,t 1 DR P,t P,t 1 +UR (15) 4) Wnd power generaton lmts: 0 Pw s,t Pw avl s,t (16) 5) Lmts on power exchange wth pool market: Pp mn t Pp t,s Pp max t (17) C. Objectve functon (total beneft): In ths paper, the objectve functon (OF) s defned as the total money receved from the energy consumers mnus the total cost pad for operatng the thermal unts as follows: OF = s,t π sλ D s,tp D t TC (18) The OF (.e total beneft) should be maxmzed, subject to the above equalty and nequalty constrants. V. APPLICATION OF OCD ON THE REAL-TIME DED In large-scale power systems, the dmenson of the DED problem s very large and hence the soluton-tme s very crtcal for real-tme mplementaton. To speed up the soluton process, the DED problem could be decomposed to a few smpler sub-problems wth lower dmensons, and hence wth less computatonal burden. Ths s accomplshed due the multperod structure of the DED problem. In ths paper, the OCD approach s utlzed for ths am. OCD s based on relaxng the complcatng constrants of the orgnal NLP problem. Complcatng constrants are constrants that f relaxed, the resultng mn TC (k) t m = s + I,tm C,tm (P (k) )+ π spp (k) s,t m λ P s,t m (19) φ (k) C,tm (P (k) ) = a (P (k) ) 2 +b (P (k) )+c (20) φ (k) = µ UR,(k 1) + µ DR,(k 1) (P (k) Subject to: P (k) ( P (k 1) P (k) P (k 1) DR ) UR ) (21) P (k) I,tm +Pw s,tm +Pp s,tm = P D t m (22) (k 1) P 1 UR (23) P (k 1) 1 P (k) DR (24) P mn P (k) P max (25) 0 Pw s,tm Pw avl s,t m (26) Pp mn t m Pp (k) s,t m Pp max t m (27) For nterval t = t m+1 (.e. m+1-th sub-problem): mn TC (k) t m+1 = s π spp (k) s,t m+1 λ P s,t m+1 + (28) I,tm+1 C,tm+1 (P (k) )+ φ (k) C,tm+1 (P (k) ) = a (P (k) ) 2 +b (P (k) )+c (29) φ (k) = µ UR,(k 1) +2 ( P (k 1) +2 P (k) UR )+ (30) µ DR,(k 1) +2 (P (k) (k 1) P +2 DR ) Subject to: I,tm+1 P (k) +Pw s,tm+1 +Pp s,tm+1 = Pt D m+1 (31) P (k) P (k 1) P mn P (k 1) UR (32) P (k) DR (33) P (k) P max (34) 0 Pw s,tm+1 Pw avl s,t m+1 (35) Pp mn t m+1 Pp (k) s,t m+1 Pp max t m+1 (36) where, µ UR,(k 1) and µ DR,(k 1) are Lagrange multplers correspondng to complcatng constrans (15) of m + 1-th subproblem at prevous teraton (.e. teraton k 1). The dashed (k 1) parameters (lke P ) are the obtaned values of the correspondng varables at the prevous teraton (.e. teraton k 1) of the OCD. It s evdently observed that utlzaton of the OCD leads to ndependent sub-problems wth much less dmenson than the orgnal DED problem, whch can be solved quckly n
5 5 parallel manner. In other words, the sub-problem fort = t m only contans the varables (.e. generaton schedules) of that nterval, and the varables of neghbour ntervals are treated as some constant parameters both n objectve functon and constrants of that nterval. The OCD steps are descrbed as follows: Step. 1. Intalzaton (k = 1): In ths step, all varables and Lagrange multplers of complcatng constrans (15) are ntalzed. In ths paper, the ntal values for varables are chosen by ndependently solvng the relaxed subproblem (RSPs), wth zero ntal values for Lagrange multplers of complcatng constrants ( µ UR,(0),t and ), and neglectng constrants (15). Therefore, µ DR,(0),t t P (0),t s known. Step. 2. Independently solvng of the RSPs n teraton k: In ths phase, there are T RSPs to be solved ndependently, by parallel computaton ablty and the optmal values for all varables are obtaned, along wth the Lagrange multplers of complcatng constrants (15)..e µ UR,(k),t, µ DR,(k),t P (k),t and ;,t are determned. Step. 3. Stoppng crteron. The algorthm stops f varables (or the value of OF) do not change sgnfcantly n two consecutve teratons [25]. Otherwse, go to Step 2. The flowchart of the OCD algorthm s depcted n Fg. 6. Wnd Scenaros The OCD to decompose the DED to relaxed subproblems (RSP) Complcated DED problem RSP for T 1 RSP for T 2... Pool Prce Scenaros RSP for T n electrcty prce and wnd power combned scenaros are gven n Table.I. TABLE I THE ELECTRICITY PRICE AND WIND POWER SCENARIOS Scenaro w s λ s π s Scenaro w s λ s π s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s The forecasted values of wnd power generaton, electrcty prce and demand values n percent of the correspondng peak values are gven n Table II. TABLE II THE FORECASTED VALUES OF ELECTRICITY PRICE AND WIND POWER AND DEMAND VALUES (%) OF PEAK VALUE t Pw f t λ f t D f t t t t t t t t t t t t t t Fg. 6. No Solve the above RSPs By Parallel Computaton Stoppng Crteron Satsfed? The flowchart of the OCD algorthm Yes VI. CASE STUDIES The proposed model for the DED and the aforementoned OCD algorthm s mplemented n General Algebrac Modelng System (GAMS) envronment and solved by SNOPT solver. The End The length of ths movng wndow s assumed to be = 13 tme steps. Each tme step s 15 mnutes. In ths way, at t = 0 the wndow expands to the begnnng of t = 3h. The proposed approach s mplemented on 40-unts and 54-unts test systems, along wth a large-scale 391-unts system. For smplcty the prce of sellng electrcty to the consumers s assumed to be constant durng the entre horzon and equal to $15/M W h, $27/MWh and $23/MWh for the above systems, respectvely. A. Case-I: 40-unts system In ths case, there are 40 thermal unts. The techncal data of these unts s avalable n [30]. The wnd capacty s assumed to be 1800 MW. Also, the peak value of electrcty prce Λ and demand are assumed to be $/MWh and MW, respectvely. Besdes, n ths case the maxmum/mnmum lmts on power exchange wth pool market s ±1200 MW. Wthout usng the OCD approach, total CPU tme s obtaned seconds. n ths case the OCD algorthm s converged after 11 teratons, and the total CPU tme s equal to seconds. Ths means 63.99% reducton n the CPU tme. Ths
6 6 sgnfcant reducton n the CPU tme, s substantal from the real-tme mplementaton vewpont of the proposed approach. The optmal schedule of thermal generaton unts n the studed horzon s gven n Table IV. Also, the expected value of purchased power from pool market (n each tme step) n ths case are shown n Fg. 7. It s observed from ths fgure that n some hours the electrc utlty purchases power from pool market, whereas n some others t sells energy to the pool market. The values of OF and CPU tme for the teratons of OCD algorthm n ths case are gven n Table III. TABLE III THE VALUES OF OF AND CPU TIME FOR THE OCD ALGORITHM IN CASE-I Iteraton Total beneft ($) CPU-tme (s) OCD s total tme TABLE IV OPTIMAL POWER GENERATION SCHEDULE OF THERMAL UNITS IN CASE-I (MW) Generator t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t10 t11 t12 t13 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P B. Case-II: 54-unts system In ths case, there are 54 thermal generatng unts. The data of these unts and the load profle of the system are gven n [30]. In ths case, total wnd power generaton capacty s assumed to be 900 MW. The peak value of electrcty prce Λ and demand are assumed to be $/MWh and 6000 MW, respectvely. Also, for ths case the lmts on the power exchange wth pool market are ±500 MW. Table V shows the varatons of total benefts versus teratons of the OCD algorthm for ths system. As t s observed from ths table, the OCD s converged after 7 teratons n ths Expected purchased power from pool market Pp s,t (MW) Tme (t) Fg. 7. The expected value of purchased power from pool market (n each tme step) n Case-I (+ for purchase/- for buy) case. The overall CPU tme for ths problem, usng parallel computaton ablty s seconds, whch s qute low. If one solves the above model wthout usng the OCD algorthm, the CPU-tme would be seconds. Ths means that OCD reduces the computaton tme about 88.72%. Also, the expected values of the purchased power from pool market (n each tme step) n ths case are shown n Fg. 8. TABLE V THE VALUES OF OF AND CPU TIME FOR THE OCD ALGORITHM IN CASE-II Expected purchased power from pool market Pp s,t (MW) Iteraton Total beneft ($) CPU-tme (s) OCD s total tme Tme (t) Fg. 8. The expected value of purchased power from pool market (n each tme step) n Case-II (+ for purchase/- for buy) C. Case-III: Practcal large-scale case study In ths case, a real-lfe power system s studed to nvestgate the applcablty of the proposed approach on the large-scale power systems. there are 391 thermal unts avalable n ths
7 7 system. The techncal data of unts s gven n [30]. The peak demand and nomnal wnd power generaton capacty are MW and 8000 MW, respectvely. The peak of electrcty prce Λ s assumed to be $/MWh. Also, the lmts on the power exchange wth pool market are ±5000 MW n ths case. The optmal total beneft and CPU tme obtaned wthout usng the OCD algorthm are $ and seconds, respectvely. On the other hand, f OCD s used t would converge n 14 teratons and the total CPU tme s seconds. Ths means that utlzaton of the OCD algorthm reduces the computaton tme about %. Ths huge reducton n the CPU tme justfes the applcablty of the proposed algorthm for real-tme mplementaton of the formulated DED problem, especally n the case of large-scale power systems. The expected values of purchased power from pool market of Case-III (n each tme step) are shown n Fg.9. TABLE VI THE CPU TIME FOR OCD ALGORITHM IN LARGE-SCALE CASE STUDY WITH 391 UNITS Expected purchased power from pool market Pp s,t (MW) Iteraton Total beneft ($) CPU-tme (s) OCD s total tme Tme (t) Fg. 9. The expected values of purchased power from pool market (n each tme step) n practcal Case (+ for purchase/- for buy) VII. CONCLUSION Ths paper presents a probablstc real-tme methodology to fnd the optmal schedule of thermal generaton unts at the presence of wnd power generaton. The uncertanty of wnd power generaton and electrcty prce are modeled by scenaro based technque. In order to make the proposed approach applcable n case of real-tme operaton of power systems, optmalty condton decomposton s utlzed. It s demonstrated that mplementng the proposed OCD technque along wth parallel computaton ablty, reduces computatonal burden of the DED problem and hence, facltates ts applcaton n realtme envronment. The proposed approach s nvestgated on varous test systems. Numercal results show the applcablty and usefulness of the OCD for solvng the real-tme DED problem, especally n the case of large-scale power systems. Also, t s observed form the numercal studes that by ncreasng the dmenson of the system, more reducton n CPU tme s obtaned, whch s very mportant from the vew pont of real-tme operaton of large-scale power systems. Future work wll be focused on comparng the performance of the proposed method n comparson to the other exstng methods lke as Meta heurstc methods (Partcle Swarm Optmzaton [31] and Honey Bee Matng Optmzaton (HBMO) [32]). The uncertanty of wnd power generaton as well as the demand uncertanty are consdered usng scenaro approach. However usng some rsk measures lke CVaR can enhance the proposed model. The senstvty analyss can also be used to check the robustness of the results of the model n the presence of uncertanty [33]. APPENDIX A WIND POWER GENERATION UNCERTAINTY MODELING It s assumed that the probablty densty functon (PDF) of wnd speed follows the Raylegh behavor (whch s a subset of Webul dstrbuton) and s known for the wnd ste as follows [26], [34]. PDF(v) = ( v v c2) exp[ ( ) 2 ] (37) 2c The occurrence probablty of scenaro s and the correspondng wnd speed v s s calculated as follows: π s = vf,s ( v v v,s c2) exp[ ( ) 2 ]dv (38) 2c v s = v f,s +v,s (39) 2 where v,s,v f,s defne the ntal and fnal values of wnd speed s nterval n scenaro s, respectvely. The characterstc curve of a wnd turbne [28], s depcted n Fg. 10. Thus, n each pont n the future predcton horzon, Fg. 10. Generated power of wnd turbne P w (V) n (MW) P w r v c n v r Wnd speed (v) n (m/s) The power curve of a wnd turbne the forecasted output power of the wnd turbne for the above wnd profle (as a percent of ts rated power, Pr w ), s determned usng ts characterstcs as follows: 0 f v s vn c or v s vout c Pw f v = s vn c v r v np w c r f vn c v s v r (40) 1 f v r v s vout c v c out
8 8 REFERENCES [1] S. Chakraborty, T. Senjyu, A. Yona, A. Saber, and T. Funabash, Solvng economc load dspatch problem wth valve-pont effects usng a hybrd quantum mechancs nspred partcle swarm optmsaton, Generaton, Transmsson Dstrbuton, IET, vol. 5, no. 10, pp , october [2] J. Aghae, M. Karam, K. Muttaq, H. Shayanfar, and A. Ahmad, Mp-based stochastc securty-constraned daly hydrothermal generaton schedulng, Systems Journal, IEEE, vol. PP, no. 99, pp. 1 14, [3] M. Karam, H. Shayanfar, J. Aghae, and A. Ahmad, Mxed nteger programmng of securty-constraned daly hydrothermal generaton schedulng (scdhgs), SCIENTIA IRANICA, vol. 20, no. 6, pp , [4] A. Ahmad, J. Aghae, H. A. Shayanfar, and A. Rabee, Mxed nteger programmng of multobjectve hydro-thermal self schedulng, Appled Soft Computng, vol. 12, no. 8, pp , [5] R. Prasad, R. Bansal, and M. Sauturaga, Some of the desgn and methodology consderatons n wnd resource assessment, Renewable Power Generaton, IET, vol. 3, no. 1, pp , March [6] A. Saber and G. Venayagamoorthy, Effcent utlzaton of renewable energy sources by grdable vehcles n cyber-physcal energy systems, Systems Journal, IEEE, vol. 4, no. 3, pp , sept [7] NYISO, New york ndependent system operator, manual 12: Transmsson and dspatchng operatons manual, October [8] A. Rabee and A. Soroud, Stochastc multperod opf model of power systems wth hvdc-connected ntermttent wnd power generaton, IEEE Transactons on Power Delvery, vol. 29, no. 1, pp , [9] M. A. Tajeddn, A. Rahm-Kan, and A. Soroud, Rsk averse optmal operaton of a vrtual power plant usng two stage stochastc programmng, Energy, vol. 73, no. 0, pp , [10] A. Soroud and T. Amraee, Decson makng under uncertanty n energy systems: State of the art, Renewable and Sustanable Energy Revews, vol. 28, no. 0, pp , [11] F. J. Nogales, F. J. Preto, and A. J. Conejo, A decomposton methodology appled to the mult-area optmal power flow problem, Annals of Operatons Research, vol. 120, pp , [12] A. Rabee, B. Mohammad-Ivatloo, and M. Morad-Dalvand, Fast dynamc economc power dspatch problems soluton va optmalty condton decomposton, Power Systems, IEEE Transactons on, vol. 29, no. 2, pp , March [13] G. Hug-Glanzmann and G. Andersson, Decentralzed optmal power flow control for overlappng areas n power systems, IEEE Transactons on Power Systems,, vol. 24, no. 1, pp , [14] A. Rabee and M. Parnan, Voltage securty constraned mult-perod optmal reactve power flow usng benders and optmalty condton decompostons, IEEE Transactons on Power Systems,, vol. 28, no. 2, pp , [15] A. Soroud and A. Rabee, Optmal mult-area generaton schedule consderng renewable resources mx: a real-tme approach, Generaton, Transmsson & Dstrbuton, IET, vol. 7, no. 9, [16] M. J. Arnold, On predctve control for coordnaton n mult-carrer energy systems, Ph.D. dssertaton, ETH Zurch, [17] D. Zhu and G. Hug, Decomposed stochastc model predctve control for optmal dspatch of storage and generaton, IEEE Transactons on Smart Grd,, vol. 5, no. 4, pp , [18] A. Dozer, Integrated water and power modelng framework for renewable energy ntegraton, Ph.D. dssertaton, Colorado State Unversty, [19] J. Hetzer, D. Yu, and K. Bhattara, An economc dspatch model ncorporatng wnd power, Energy Converson, IEEE Transactons on, vol. 23, no. 2, pp , june [20] B. Ummels, M. Gbescu, E. Pelgrum, W. Klng, and A. Brand, Impacts of wnd power on thermal generaton unt commtment and dspatch, Energy Converson, IEEE Transactons on, vol. 22, no. 1, pp , march [21] I. Farhat and M. El-Hawary, Dynamc adaptve bacteral foragng algorthm for optmum economc dspatch wth valve-pont effects and wnd power, Generaton, Transmsson Dstrbuton, IET, vol. 4, no. 9, pp , september [22] Q. L, S. Cho, Y. Yuan, and D. Yao, On the determnaton of battery energy storage capacty and short-term power dspatch of a wnd farm, Sustanable Energy, IEEE Transactons on, vol. 2, no. 2, pp , aprl [23] D. L. Yao, S. S. Cho, K. J. Tseng, and T. T. Le, Determnaton of shortterm power dspatch schedule for a wnd farm ncorporated wth dualbattery energy storage scheme, Sustanable Energy, IEEE Transactons on, vol. 3, no. 1, pp , jan [24] D. Vllanueva, A. Fejoo, and J. L. Pazos, Smulaton of correlated wnd speed data for economc dspatch evaluaton, Sustanable Energy, IEEE Transactons on, vol. 3, no. 1, pp , jan [25] R. M. A. J. Conejo, E. Castllo and R. Garca-Bertrand, Decomposton Technques n Mathematcal Programmng. Sprnger- Verlag Berln Hedelberg, [26] A. Soroud and M. Afrasab, Bnary pso-based dynamc mult-objectve model for dstrbuted generaton plannng under uncertanty, Renewable Power Generaton, IET, vol. 6, no. 2, pp , march [27] A. Fabbr, T. G. S. Roman, J. R. Abbad, and V. M. Quezada, Assessment of the cost assocated wth wnd generaton predcton errors n a lberalzed electrcty market, Power Systems, IEEE Transactons on, vol. 20, no. 3, pp , [28] M. O. Buyg, H. Zarepour, and W. D. Rosehart, Impacts of largescale ntegraton of ntermttent resources on electrcty markets: A supply functon equlbrum approach, Systems Journal, IEEE, vol. 6, no. 2, pp , [29] B. Mohammad-Ivatloo, A. Rabee, and A. Soroud, Nonconvex dynamc economc power dspatch problems soluton usng hybrd mmune-genetc algorthm, Systems Journal, IEEE, vol. 7, no. 4, pp , Dec [30] A. Soroud, [31] J. Aghae, K. M. Muttaq, A. Azzvahed, and M. Gtzadeh, Dstrbuton expanson plannng consderng relablty and securty of energy usng modfed {PSO} (partcle swarm optmzaton) algorthm, Energy, vol. 65, no. 0, pp , [32] T. Nknam, M. Narman, J. Aghae, S. Tabatabae, and M. Nayerpour, Modfed honey bee matng optmsaton to solve dynamc optmal power flow consderng generator constrants, Generaton, Transmsson Dstrbuton, IET, vol. 5, no. 10, pp , October [33] M. Gtzadeh and J. Aghae, Dynamc securty consderaton n multobjectve electrcty markets, Appled Soft Computng, vol. 16, no. 0, pp. 1 9, [34] A. Soroud, B. Mohammad-Ivatloo, and A. Rabee, Energy hub management wth ntermttent wnd power, n Large Scale Renewable Power Generaton. Sprnger Sngapore, 2014, pp Alreza Soroud (M 14) Receved the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from Sharf Unversty of Technology, Tehran, Iran, n 2002 and 2004, respectvely, both n electrcal engneerng. and the jont Ph.D. degree from Sharf Unversty of Technology and the Grenoble Insttute of Technology (Grenoble-INP), Grenoble, France, n He s the wnner of the ENRE Young Researcher Prze at the INFORMS He s currently a senor researcher wth the School of Electrcal, Electronc, and Mechancal Engneerng, Unversty College Dubln wth research nterests n uncertanty modelng and optmzaton technques appled to Smart grds, power system plannng and operaton. Abbas Rabee (S 09, M 14) Receved the B.Sc. degree n electrcal engneerng from Iran Unversty of Scence and Technology, Tehran, Iran, n 2006, and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees n electrcal power engneerng from Sharf Unversty of Technology (SUT), Tehran, n 2008 and 2013, respectvely. Currently, he s an Assstant Professor at the Department of Electrcal and Computer Engneerng, Unversty of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. Hs research nterests nclude operaton and securty of power systems, renewable energes, and optmzaton methods. Andrew Keane (S 04, M 07, SM 14) receved the B.E. and Ph.D. degrees n electrcal engneerng from Unversty College Dubln, Dubln, Ireland, n 2003 and 2007, respectvely. He s currently a lecturer wth the School of Electrcal, Electronc, and Mechancal Engneerng, Unversty College Dubln wth research nterests n power systems plannng and operaton, dstrbuted energy resources, and dstrbuton networks.
Robust Design of Public Storage Warehouses. Yeming (Yale) Gong EMLYON Business School
Robust Desgn of Publc Storage Warehouses Yemng (Yale) Gong EMLYON Busness School Rene de Koster Rotterdam school of management, Erasmus Unversty Abstract We apply robust optmzaton and revenue management
More informationDynamic Constrained Economic/Emission Dispatch Scheduling Using Neural Network
Dynamc Constraned Economc/Emsson Dspatch Schedulng Usng Neural Network Fard BENHAMIDA 1, Rachd BELHACHEM 1 1 Department of Electrcal Engneerng, IRECOM Laboratory, Unversty of Djllal Labes, 220 00, Sd Bel
More informationOptimal Bidding Strategies for Generation Companies in a Day-Ahead Electricity Market with Risk Management Taken into Account
Amercan J. of Engneerng and Appled Scences (): 8-6, 009 ISSN 94-700 009 Scence Publcatons Optmal Bddng Strateges for Generaton Companes n a Day-Ahead Electrcty Market wth Rsk Management Taken nto Account
More informationA DYNAMIC CRASHING METHOD FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT USING SIMULATION-BASED OPTIMIZATION. Michael E. Kuhl Radhamés A. Tolentino-Peña
Proceedngs of the 2008 Wnter Smulaton Conference S. J. Mason, R. R. Hll, L. Mönch, O. Rose, T. Jefferson, J. W. Fowler eds. A DYNAMIC CRASHING METHOD FOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT USING SIMULATION-BASED OPTIMIZATION
More informationOn the Optimal Control of a Cascade of Hydro-Electric Power Stations
On the Optmal Control of a Cascade of Hydro-Electrc Power Statons M.C.M. Guedes a, A.F. Rbero a, G.V. Smrnov b and S. Vlela c a Department of Mathematcs, School of Scences, Unversty of Porto, Portugal;
More informationA hybrid global optimization algorithm based on parallel chaos optimization and outlook algorithm
Avalable onlne www.ocpr.com Journal of Chemcal and Pharmaceutcal Research, 2014, 6(7):1884-1889 Research Artcle ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 A hybrd global optmzaton algorthm based on parallel
More informationRisk Model of Long-Term Production Scheduling in Open Pit Gold Mining
Rsk Model of Long-Term Producton Schedulng n Open Pt Gold Mnng R Halatchev 1 and P Lever 2 ABSTRACT Open pt gold mnng s an mportant sector of the Australan mnng ndustry. It uses large amounts of nvestments,
More informationProject Networks With Mixed-Time Constraints
Project Networs Wth Mxed-Tme Constrants L Caccetta and B Wattananon Western Australan Centre of Excellence n Industral Optmsaton (WACEIO) Curtn Unversty of Technology GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australa
More informationOptimization under uncertainty. Antonio J. Conejo The Ohio State University 2014
Optmzaton under uncertant Antono J. Conejo The Oho State Unverst 2014 Contents Stochastc programmng (SP) Robust optmzaton (RO) Power sstem applcatons A. J. Conejo The Oho State Unverst 2 Stochastc Programmng
More informationPreventive Maintenance and Replacement Scheduling: Models and Algorithms
Preventve Mantenance and Replacement Schedulng: Models and Algorthms By Kamran S. Moghaddam B.S. Unversty of Tehran 200 M.S. Tehran Polytechnc 2003 A Dssertaton Proposal Submtted to the Faculty of the
More informationFeasibility of Using Discriminate Pricing Schemes for Energy Trading in Smart Grid
Feasblty of Usng Dscrmnate Prcng Schemes for Energy Tradng n Smart Grd Wayes Tushar, Chau Yuen, Bo Cha, Davd B. Smth, and H. Vncent Poor Sngapore Unversty of Technology and Desgn, Sngapore 138682. Emal:
More informationInstitute of Informatics, Faculty of Business and Management, Brno University of Technology,Czech Republic
Lagrange Multplers as Quanttatve Indcators n Economcs Ivan Mezník Insttute of Informatcs, Faculty of Busness and Management, Brno Unversty of TechnologCzech Republc Abstract The quanttatve role of Lagrange
More information"Research Note" APPLICATION OF CHARGE SIMULATION METHOD TO ELECTRIC FIELD CALCULATION IN THE POWER CABLES *
Iranan Journal of Scence & Technology, Transacton B, Engneerng, ol. 30, No. B6, 789-794 rnted n The Islamc Republc of Iran, 006 Shraz Unversty "Research Note" ALICATION OF CHARGE SIMULATION METHOD TO ELECTRIC
More informationDynamic Pricing for Smart Grid with Reinforcement Learning
Dynamc Prcng for Smart Grd wth Renforcement Learnng Byung-Gook Km, Yu Zhang, Mhaela van der Schaar, and Jang-Won Lee Samsung Electroncs, Suwon, Korea Department of Electrcal Engneerng, UCLA, Los Angeles,
More informationAn Analysis of Central Processor Scheduling in Multiprogrammed Computer Systems
STAN-CS-73-355 I SU-SE-73-013 An Analyss of Central Processor Schedulng n Multprogrammed Computer Systems (Dgest Edton) by Thomas G. Prce October 1972 Techncal Report No. 57 Reproducton n whole or n part
More informationOn-Line Fault Detection in Wind Turbine Transmission System using Adaptive Filter and Robust Statistical Features
On-Lne Fault Detecton n Wnd Turbne Transmsson System usng Adaptve Flter and Robust Statstcal Features Ruoyu L Remote Dagnostcs Center SKF USA Inc. 3443 N. Sam Houston Pkwy., Houston TX 77086 Emal: ruoyu.l@skf.com
More informationAnt Colony Optimization for Economic Generator Scheduling and Load Dispatch
Proceedngs of the th WSEAS Int. Conf. on EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTING, Lsbon, Portugal, June 1-18, 5 (pp17-175) Ant Colony Optmzaton for Economc Generator Schedulng and Load Dspatch K. S. Swarup Abstract Feasblty
More informationPower-of-Two Policies for Single- Warehouse Multi-Retailer Inventory Systems with Order Frequency Discounts
Power-of-wo Polces for Sngle- Warehouse Mult-Retaler Inventory Systems wth Order Frequency Dscounts José A. Ventura Pennsylvana State Unversty (USA) Yale. Herer echnon Israel Insttute of echnology (Israel)
More informationChapter 4 ECONOMIC DISPATCH AND UNIT COMMITMENT
Chapter 4 ECOOMIC DISATCH AD UIT COMMITMET ITRODUCTIO A power system has several power plants. Each power plant has several generatng unts. At any pont of tme, the total load n the system s met by the
More informationResearch Article Enhanced Two-Step Method via Relaxed Order of α-satisfactory Degrees for Fuzzy Multiobjective Optimization
Hndaw Publshng Corporaton Mathematcal Problems n Engneerng Artcle ID 867836 pages http://dxdoorg/055/204/867836 Research Artcle Enhanced Two-Step Method va Relaxed Order of α-satsfactory Degrees for Fuzzy
More informationDamage detection in composite laminates using coin-tap method
Damage detecton n composte lamnates usng con-tap method S.J. Km Korea Aerospace Research Insttute, 45 Eoeun-Dong, Youseong-Gu, 35-333 Daejeon, Republc of Korea yaeln@kar.re.kr 45 The con-tap test has the
More informationbenefit is 2, paid if the policyholder dies within the year, and probability of death within the year is ).
REVIEW OF RISK MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS LOSS DISTRIBUTIONS AND INSURANCE Loss and nsurance: When someone s subject to the rsk of ncurrng a fnancal loss, the loss s generally modeled usng a random varable or
More informationFeature selection for intrusion detection. Slobodan Petrović NISlab, Gjøvik University College
Feature selecton for ntruson detecton Slobodan Petrovć NISlab, Gjøvk Unversty College Contents The feature selecton problem Intruson detecton Traffc features relevant for IDS The CFS measure The mrmr measure
More informationCourse outline. Financial Time Series Analysis. Overview. Data analysis. Predictive signal. Trading strategy
Fnancal Tme Seres Analyss Patrck McSharry patrck@mcsharry.net www.mcsharry.net Trnty Term 2014 Mathematcal Insttute Unversty of Oxford Course outlne 1. Data analyss, probablty, correlatons, vsualsaton
More informationJ. Parallel Distrib. Comput.
J. Parallel Dstrb. Comput. 71 (2011) 62 76 Contents lsts avalable at ScenceDrect J. Parallel Dstrb. Comput. journal homepage: www.elsever.com/locate/jpdc Optmzng server placement n dstrbuted systems n
More informationRisk-based Fatigue Estimate of Deep Water Risers -- Course Project for EM388F: Fracture Mechanics, Spring 2008
Rsk-based Fatgue Estmate of Deep Water Rsers -- Course Project for EM388F: Fracture Mechancs, Sprng 2008 Chen Sh Department of Cvl, Archtectural, and Envronmental Engneerng The Unversty of Texas at Austn
More informationANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN QUALITY, TIME, AND COST IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING
ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN QUALITY, TIME, AND COST IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING Matthew J. Lberatore, Department of Management and Operatons, Vllanova Unversty, Vllanova, PA 19085, 610-519-4390,
More informationFault tolerance in cloud technologies presented as a service
Internatonal Scentfc Conference Computer Scence 2015 Pavel Dzhunev, PhD student Fault tolerance n cloud technologes presented as a servce INTRODUCTION Improvements n technques for vrtualzaton and performance
More informationA New Task Scheduling Algorithm Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm
A New Task Schedulng Algorthm Based on Improved Genetc Algorthm n Cloud Computng Envronment Congcong Xong, Long Feng, Lxan Chen A New Task Schedulng Algorthm Based on Improved Genetc Algorthm n Cloud Computng
More informationAn MILP model for planning of batch plants operating in a campaign-mode
An MILP model for plannng of batch plants operatng n a campagn-mode Yanna Fumero Insttuto de Desarrollo y Dseño CONICET UTN yfumero@santafe-concet.gov.ar Gabrela Corsano Insttuto de Desarrollo y Dseño
More informationHYDROGEN STORAGE FOR MIXED WIND-NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF A HYDROGEN ECONOMY
HYDROGEN STORAGE FOR MIXED WIND-NUCLEAR OWER LANTS IN THE CONTEXT OF A HYDROGEN ECONOMY Gregor Taljan*, Mchael Fowler 1, Claudo Cañzares 1, Gregor Verbč 2 *Unversty of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrcal Engneerng
More informationA Secure Password-Authenticated Key Agreement Using Smart Cards
A Secure Password-Authentcated Key Agreement Usng Smart Cards Ka Chan 1, Wen-Chung Kuo 2 and Jn-Chou Cheng 3 1 Department of Computer and Informaton Scence, R.O.C. Mltary Academy, Kaohsung 83059, Tawan,
More informationThe Development of Web Log Mining Based on Improve-K-Means Clustering Analysis
The Development of Web Log Mnng Based on Improve-K-Means Clusterng Analyss TngZhong Wang * College of Informaton Technology, Luoyang Normal Unversty, Luoyang, 471022, Chna wangtngzhong2@sna.cn Abstract.
More informationGENETIC ALGORITHM FOR PROJECT SCHEDULING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 03 Fady Safwat et al., 03 Research Paper ISS 78 049 www.jmerr.com Vol., o. 3, July 03 03 IJMERR. All Rghts Reserved GEETIC ALGORITHM FOR PROJECT SCHEDULIG AD RESOURCE ALLOCATIO
More informationVOLTAGE stability issue remains a major concern in
Impacts of Mert Order Based Dspatch on Transfer Capablty and Statc Voltage Stablty Cuong P. guyen, Student Member, IEEE, and Alexander J. Flueck, Member, IEEE Abstract In ths paper, the goal s to nvestgate
More informationEfficient Project Portfolio as a tool for Enterprise Risk Management
Effcent Proect Portfolo as a tool for Enterprse Rsk Management Valentn O. Nkonov Ural State Techncal Unversty Growth Traectory Consultng Company January 5, 27 Effcent Proect Portfolo as a tool for Enterprse
More informationHowHow to Find the Best Online Stock Broker
A GENERAL APPROACH FOR SECURITY MONITORING AND PREVENTIVE CONTROL OF NETWORKS WITH LARGE WIND POWER PRODUCTION Helena Vasconcelos INESC Porto hvasconcelos@nescportopt J N Fdalgo INESC Porto and FEUP jfdalgo@nescportopt
More informationA Genetic Programming Based Stock Price Predictor together with Mean-Variance Based Sell/Buy Actions
Proceedngs of the World Congress on Engneerng 28 Vol II WCE 28, July 2-4, 28, London, U.K. A Genetc Programmng Based Stock Prce Predctor together wth Mean-Varance Based Sell/Buy Actons Ramn Rajaboun and
More informationResponse Coordination of Distributed Generation and Tap Changers for Voltage Support
Response Coordnaton of Dstrbuted Generaton and Tap Changers for Voltage Support An D.T. Le, Student Member, IEEE, K.M. Muttaq, Senor Member, IEEE, M. Negnevtsky, Member, IEEE,and G. Ledwch, Senor Member,
More informationUTILIZING MATPOWER IN OPTIMAL POWER FLOW
UTILIZING MATPOWER IN OPTIMAL POWER FLOW Tarje Krstansen Department of Electrcal Power Engneerng Norwegan Unversty of Scence and Technology Trondhem, Norway Tarje.Krstansen@elkraft.ntnu.no Abstract Ths
More informationA SURVEY ON REACTIVE POWER OPTIMIZATION AND VOLTAGE STABILITY IN POWER SYSTEMS
Internatonal Journal on Techncal and Physcal Problems of Engneerng (IJTPE) Publshed by Internatonal Organzaton of IOTPE ISSN 077-358 IJTPE Journal www.otpe.com jtpe@otpe.com March 014 Issue 18 Volume 6
More informationCausal, Explanatory Forecasting. Analysis. Regression Analysis. Simple Linear Regression. Which is Independent? Forecasting
Causal, Explanatory Forecastng Assumes cause-and-effect relatonshp between system nputs and ts output Forecastng wth Regresson Analyss Rchard S. Barr Inputs System Cause + Effect Relatonshp The job of
More informationSOLVING CARDINALITY CONSTRAINED PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM BY BINARY PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM
SOLVIG CARDIALITY COSTRAIED PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATIO PROBLEM BY BIARY PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATIO ALGORITHM Aleš Kresta Klíčová slova: optmalzace portfola, bnární algortmus rojení částc Key words: portfolo
More informationDynamic optimization of the LNG value chain
Proceedngs of the 1 st Annual Gas Processng Symposum H. Alfadala, G.V. Rex Reklats and M.M. El-Halwag (Edtors) 2009 Elsever B.V. All rghts reserved. 1 Dynamc optmzaton of the LNG value chan Bjarne A. Foss
More informationTHE DISTRIBUTION OF LOAN PORTFOLIO VALUE * Oldrich Alfons Vasicek
HE DISRIBUION OF LOAN PORFOLIO VALUE * Oldrch Alfons Vascek he amount of captal necessary to support a portfolo of debt securtes depends on the probablty dstrbuton of the portfolo loss. Consder a portfolo
More informationEnabling P2P One-view Multi-party Video Conferencing
Enablng P2P One-vew Mult-party Vdeo Conferencng Yongxang Zhao, Yong Lu, Changja Chen, and JanYn Zhang Abstract Mult-Party Vdeo Conferencng (MPVC) facltates realtme group nteracton between users. Whle P2P
More informationSurvey on Virtual Machine Placement Techniques in Cloud Computing Environment
Survey on Vrtual Machne Placement Technques n Cloud Computng Envronment Rajeev Kumar Gupta and R. K. Paterya Department of Computer Scence & Engneerng, MANIT, Bhopal, Inda ABSTRACT In tradtonal data center
More informationA method for a robust optimization of joint product and supply chain design
DOI 10.1007/s10845-014-0908-5 A method for a robust optmzaton of jont product and supply chan desgn Bertrand Baud-Lavgne Samuel Bassetto Bruno Agard Receved: 10 September 2013 / Accepted: 21 March 2014
More informationCredit Limit Optimization (CLO) for Credit Cards
Credt Lmt Optmzaton (CLO) for Credt Cards Vay S. Desa CSCC IX, Ednburgh September 8, 2005 Copyrght 2003, SAS Insttute Inc. All rghts reserved. SAS Propretary Agenda Background Tradtonal approaches to credt
More informationPerformance Analysis of Energy Consumption of Smartphone Running Mobile Hotspot Application
Internatonal Journal of mart Grd and lean Energy Performance Analyss of Energy onsumpton of martphone Runnng Moble Hotspot Applcaton Yun on hung a chool of Electronc Engneerng, oongsl Unversty, 511 angdo-dong,
More informationModule 2 LOSSLESS IMAGE COMPRESSION SYSTEMS. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur
Module LOSSLESS IMAGE COMPRESSION SYSTEMS Lesson 3 Lossless Compresson: Huffman Codng Instructonal Objectves At the end of ths lesson, the students should be able to:. Defne and measure source entropy..
More informationAN APPOINTMENT ORDER OUTPATIENT SCHEDULING SYSTEM THAT IMPROVES OUTPATIENT EXPERIENCE
AN APPOINTMENT ORDER OUTPATIENT SCHEDULING SYSTEM THAT IMPROVES OUTPATIENT EXPERIENCE Yu-L Huang Industral Engneerng Department New Mexco State Unversty Las Cruces, New Mexco 88003, U.S.A. Abstract Patent
More informationAPPLICATION OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING IN OPTIMIZATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF COLD ROLLING
Journal Journal of Chemcal of Chemcal Technology and and Metallurgy, 50, 6, 50, 2015, 6, 2015 638-643 APPLICATION OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING IN OPTIMIZATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES OF COLD ROLLING Abdrakhman
More informationMedium and long term. Equilibrium models approach
Medum and long term electrcty prces forecastng Equlbrum models approach J. Vllar, A. Campos, C. íaz, Insttuto de Investgacón Tecnológca, Escuela Técnca Superor de Ingenería-ICAI Unversdad ontfca Comllas
More information行 政 院 國 家 科 學 委 員 會 補 助 專 題 研 究 計 畫 成 果 報 告 期 中 進 度 報 告
行 政 院 國 家 科 學 委 員 會 補 助 專 題 研 究 計 畫 成 果 報 告 期 中 進 度 報 告 畫 類 別 : 個 別 型 計 畫 半 導 體 產 業 大 型 廠 房 之 設 施 規 劃 計 畫 編 號 :NSC 96-2628-E-009-026-MY3 執 行 期 間 : 2007 年 8 月 1 日 至 2010 年 7 月 31 日 計 畫 主 持 人 : 巫 木 誠 共 同
More informationNONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION FOR PROJECT SCHEDULING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY
NONLINEAR OPTIMIZATION FOR PROJECT SCHEDULING AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY A Dssertaton Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell Unversty In Partal Fulfllment of the Requrements
More informationEducational Software for Economic Load Dispatch for Power Network of Thermal Units Considering Transmission Losses and Spinning Reserve Power
Educatonal Software for Economc Load Dspatch for ower Network of Thermal Unts Consderng Transmsson Losses and Spnnng Reserve ower Mohammad T. Amel Saed Moslehpour Massoud ourhassan ower and Water Unversty
More informationNON-CONSTANT SUM RED-AND-BLACK GAMES WITH BET-DEPENDENT WIN PROBABILITY FUNCTION LAURA PONTIGGIA, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
To appear n Journal o Appled Probablty June 2007 O-COSTAT SUM RED-AD-BLACK GAMES WITH BET-DEPEDET WI PROBABILITY FUCTIO LAURA POTIGGIA, Unversty o the Scences n Phladelpha Abstract In ths paper we nvestgate
More informationFragility Based Rehabilitation Decision Analysis
.171. Fraglty Based Rehabltaton Decson Analyss Cagdas Kafal Graduate Student, School of Cvl and Envronmental Engneerng, Cornell Unversty Research Supervsor: rcea Grgoru, Professor Summary A method s presented
More informationINVESTIGATION OF VEHICULAR USERS FAIRNESS IN CDMA-HDR NETWORKS
21 22 September 2007, BULGARIA 119 Proceedngs of the Internatonal Conference on Informaton Technologes (InfoTech-2007) 21 st 22 nd September 2007, Bulgara vol. 2 INVESTIGATION OF VEHICULAR USERS FAIRNESS
More informationFuzzy Set Approach To Asymmetrical Load Balancing In Distribution Networks
Fuzzy Set Approach To Asymmetrcal Load Balancng n Dstrbuton Networks Goran Majstrovc Energy nsttute Hrvoje Por Zagreb, Croata goran.majstrovc@ehp.hr Slavko Krajcar Faculty of electrcal engneerng and computng
More informationFlexible Transmission Network Planning Considering the Impacts of Distributed Generation
Flexble Transmsson Network Plannng Consderng the Impacts of strbuted Generaton Junhua Zhao and John Foster Energy Economcs and Management Group School of Economcs Unversty of Queensland Abstract The restructurng
More information2008/8. An integrated model for warehouse and inventory planning. Géraldine Strack and Yves Pochet
2008/8 An ntegrated model for warehouse and nventory plannng Géraldne Strack and Yves Pochet CORE Voe du Roman Pays 34 B-1348 Louvan-la-Neuve, Belgum. Tel (32 10) 47 43 04 Fax (32 10) 47 43 01 E-mal: corestat-lbrary@uclouvan.be
More informationAllocating Time and Resources in Project Management Under Uncertainty
Proceedngs of the 36th Hawa Internatonal Conference on System Scences - 23 Allocatng Tme and Resources n Project Management Under Uncertanty Mark A. Turnqust School of Cvl and Envronmental Eng. Cornell
More informationRELIABILITY, RISK AND AVAILABILITY ANLYSIS OF A CONTAINER GANTRY CRANE ABSTRACT
Kolowrock Krzysztof Joanna oszynska MODELLING ENVIRONMENT AND INFRATRUCTURE INFLUENCE ON RELIABILITY AND OPERATION RT&A # () (Vol.) March RELIABILITY RIK AND AVAILABILITY ANLYI OF A CONTAINER GANTRY CRANE
More informationHow To Solve An Onlne Control Polcy On A Vrtualzed Data Center
Dynamc Resource Allocaton and Power Management n Vrtualzed Data Centers Rahul Urgaonkar, Ulas C. Kozat, Ken Igarash, Mchael J. Neely urgaonka@usc.edu, {kozat, garash}@docomolabs-usa.com, mjneely@usc.edu
More informationInformation Sciences
Informaton Scences 0 (013) 45 441 Contents lsts avalable at ScVerse ScenceDrect Informaton Scences journal homepage: www.elsever.com/locate/ns A hybrd method of fuzzy smulaton and genetc algorthm to optmze
More informationPAS: A Packet Accounting System to Limit the Effects of DoS & DDoS. Debish Fesehaye & Klara Naherstedt University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign
PAS: A Packet Accountng System to Lmt the Effects of DoS & DDoS Debsh Fesehaye & Klara Naherstedt Unversty of Illnos-Urbana Champagn DoS and DDoS DDoS attacks are ncreasng threats to our dgtal world. Exstng
More informationThe Application of Fractional Brownian Motion in Option Pricing
Vol. 0, No. (05), pp. 73-8 http://dx.do.org/0.457/jmue.05.0..6 The Applcaton of Fractonal Brownan Moton n Opton Prcng Qng-xn Zhou School of Basc Scence,arbn Unversty of Commerce,arbn zhouqngxn98@6.com
More informationPeriod and Deadline Selection for Schedulability in Real-Time Systems
Perod and Deadlne Selecton for Schedulablty n Real-Tme Systems Thdapat Chantem, Xaofeng Wang, M.D. Lemmon, and X. Sharon Hu Department of Computer Scence and Engneerng, Department of Electrcal Engneerng
More informationDownlink Power Allocation for Multi-class. Wireless Systems
Downlnk Power Allocaton for Mult-class 1 Wreless Systems Jang-Won Lee, Rav R. Mazumdar, and Ness B. Shroff School of Electrcal and Computer Engneerng Purdue Unversty West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA {lee46,
More informationApplication of Quasi Monte Carlo methods and Global Sensitivity Analysis in finance
Applcaton of Quas Monte Carlo methods and Global Senstvty Analyss n fnance Serge Kucherenko, Nlay Shah Imperal College London, UK skucherenko@mperalacuk Daro Czraky Barclays Captal DaroCzraky@barclayscaptalcom
More informationSimulation and optimization of supply chains: alternative or complementary approaches?
Smulaton and optmzaton of supply chans: alternatve or complementary approaches? Chrstan Almeder Margaretha Preusser Rchard F. Hartl Orgnally publshed n: OR Spectrum (2009) 31:95 119 DOI 10.1007/s00291-007-0118-z
More informationOptimal Choice of Random Variables in D-ITG Traffic Generating Tool using Evolutionary Algorithms
Optmal Choce of Random Varables n D-ITG Traffc Generatng Tool usng Evolutonary Algorthms M. R. Mosav* (C.A.), F. Farab* and S. Karam* Abstract: Impressve development of computer networks has been requred
More informationImperial College London
F. Fang 1, C.C. Pan 1, I.M. Navon 2, M.D. Pggott 1, G.J. Gorman 1, P.A. Allson 1 and A.J.H. Goddard 1 1 Appled Modellng and Computaton Group Department of Earth Scence and Engneerng Imperal College London,
More information2. RELATED WORKS AND PROBLEM STATEMENT
JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 30, 1245-1260 (2014) Short Paper Traffc Congeston Evaluaton and Sgnal Tmng Optmzaton Based on Wreless Sensor Networks: Issues, Approaches and Smulaton * School
More informationApplication of Multi-Agents for Fault Detection and Reconfiguration of Power Distribution Systems
1 Applcaton of Mult-Agents for Fault Detecton and Reconfguraton of Power Dstrbuton Systems K. Nareshkumar, Member, IEEE, M. A. Choudhry, Senor Member, IEEE, J. La, A. Felach, Senor Member, IEEE Abstract--The
More informationTraffic State Estimation in the Traffic Management Center of Berlin
Traffc State Estmaton n the Traffc Management Center of Berln Authors: Peter Vortsch, PTV AG, Stumpfstrasse, D-763 Karlsruhe, Germany phone ++49/72/965/35, emal peter.vortsch@ptv.de Peter Möhl, PTV AG,
More informationDynamic Fleet Management for Cybercars
Proceedngs of the IEEE ITSC 2006 2006 IEEE Intellgent Transportaton Systems Conference Toronto, Canada, September 17-20, 2006 TC7.5 Dynamc Fleet Management for Cybercars Fenghu. Wang, Mng. Yang, Ruqng.
More informationWhen Network Effect Meets Congestion Effect: Leveraging Social Services for Wireless Services
When Network Effect Meets Congeston Effect: Leveragng Socal Servces for Wreless Servces aowen Gong School of Electrcal, Computer and Energy Engeerng Arzona State Unversty Tempe, AZ 8587, USA xgong9@asuedu
More informationHosting Virtual Machines on Distributed Datacenters
Hostng Vrtual Machnes on Dstrbuted Datacenters Chuan Pham Scence and Engneerng, KyungHee Unversty, Korea pchuan@khu.ac.kr Jae Hyeok Son Scence and Engneerng, KyungHee Unversty, Korea sonaehyeok@khu.ac.kr
More informationRESEARCH ON DUAL-SHAKER SINE VIBRATION CONTROL. Yaoqi FENG 1, Hanping QIU 1. China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) yaoqi.feng@yahoo.
ICSV4 Carns Australa 9- July, 007 RESEARCH ON DUAL-SHAKER SINE VIBRATION CONTROL Yaoq FENG, Hanpng QIU Dynamc Test Laboratory, BISEE Chna Academy of Space Technology (CAST) yaoq.feng@yahoo.com Abstract
More informationAn Integrated Approach for Maintenance and Delivery Scheduling in Military Supply Chains
An Integrated Approach for Mantenance and Delvery Schedulng n Mltary Supply Chans Dmtry Tsadkovch 1*, Eugene Levner 2, Hanan Tell 2 and Frank Werner 3 2 1 Bar Ilan Unversty, Department of Management, Ramat
More informationA Novel Auction Mechanism for Selling Time-Sensitive E-Services
A ovel Aucton Mechansm for Sellng Tme-Senstve E-Servces Juong-Sk Lee and Boleslaw K. Szymansk Optmaret Inc. and Department of Computer Scence Rensselaer Polytechnc Insttute 110 8 th Street, Troy, Y 12180,
More informationMultiple-Period Attribution: Residuals and Compounding
Multple-Perod Attrbuton: Resduals and Compoundng Our revewer gave these authors full marks for dealng wth an ssue that performance measurers and vendors often regard as propretary nformaton. In 1994, Dens
More informationRate Monotonic (RM) Disadvantages of cyclic. TDDB47 Real Time Systems. Lecture 2: RM & EDF. Priority-based scheduling. States of a process
Dsadvantages of cyclc TDDB47 Real Tme Systems Manual scheduler constructon Cannot deal wth any runtme changes What happens f we add a task to the set? Real-Tme Systems Laboratory Department of Computer
More informationOptimal Scheduling in the Hybrid-Cloud
Optmal Schedulng n the Hybrd-Cloud Mark Shfrn Faculty of Electrcal Engneerng Technon, Israel Emal: shfrn@tx.technon.ac.l Ram Atar Faculty of Electrcal Engneerng Technon, Israel Emal: atar@ee.technon.ac.l
More informationMethod for Production Planning and Inventory Control in Oil
Memors of the Faculty of Engneerng, Okayama Unversty, Vol.41, pp.20-30, January, 2007 Method for Producton Plannng and Inventory Control n Ol Refnery TakujImamura,MasamKonshandJunIma Dvson of Electronc
More informationOn the Interaction between Load Balancing and Speed Scaling
On the Interacton between Load Balancng and Speed Scalng Ljun Chen and Na L Abstract Speed scalng has been wdely adopted n computer and communcaton systems, n partcular, to reduce energy consumpton. An
More informationEvaluation of Coordination Strategies for Heterogeneous Sensor Networks Aiming at Surveillance Applications
Evaluaton of Coordnaton Strateges for Heterogeneous Sensor Networs Amng at Survellance Applcatons Edson Pgnaton de Fretas, *, Tales Hemfarth*, Carlos Eduardo Perera*, Armando Morado Ferrera, Flávo Rech
More informationMulti-Period Resource Allocation for Estimating Project Costs in Competitive Bidding
Department of Industral Engneerng and Management Techncall Report No. 2014-6 Mult-Perod Resource Allocaton for Estmatng Project Costs n Compettve dng Yuch Takano, Nobuak Ish, and Masaak Murak September,
More informationA GENETIC ALGORITHM-BASED METHOD FOR CREATING IMPARTIAL WORK SCHEDULES FOR NURSES
82 Internatonal Journal of Electronc Busness Management, Vol. 0, No. 3, pp. 82-93 (202) A GENETIC ALGORITHM-BASED METHOD FOR CREATING IMPARTIAL WORK SCHEDULES FOR NURSES Feng-Cheng Yang * and We-Tng Wu
More informationA Replication-Based and Fault Tolerant Allocation Algorithm for Cloud Computing
A Replcaton-Based and Fault Tolerant Allocaton Algorthm for Cloud Computng Tork Altameem Dept of Computer Scence, RCC, Kng Saud Unversty, PO Box: 28095 11437 Ryadh-Saud Araba Abstract The very large nfrastructure
More informationHYBRID ANALYSIS METHOD FOR RELIABILITY-BASED DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
Proceedngs of DETC 01 ASME 2001 Desgn Engneerng Techncal Conferences and Computers and Informaton n Engneerng Conference Pttsburgh, Pennsylvana, September 9-12, 2001 DETC2001/DAC-21044 HYBRID ANALYSIS
More informationOptimized ready mixed concrete truck scheduling for uncertain factors using bee algorithm
Songklanakarn J. Sc. Technol. 37 (2), 221-230, Mar.-Apr. 2015 http://www.sst.psu.ac.th Orgnal Artcle Optmzed ready mxed concrete truck schedulng for uncertan factors usng bee algorthm Nuntana Mayteekreangkra
More informationIMPACT ANALYSIS OF A CELLULAR PHONE
4 th ASA & μeta Internatonal Conference IMPACT AALYSIS OF A CELLULAR PHOE We Lu, 2 Hongy L Bejng FEAonlne Engneerng Co.,Ltd. Bejng, Chna ABSTRACT Drop test smulaton plays an mportant role n nvestgatng
More informationA Lyapunov Optimization Approach to Repeated Stochastic Games
PROC. ALLERTON CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATION, CONTROL, AND COMPUTING, OCT. 2013 1 A Lyapunov Optmzaton Approach to Repeated Stochastc Games Mchael J. Neely Unversty of Southern Calforna http://www-bcf.usc.edu/
More informationOptimization of network mesh topologies and link capacities for congestion relief
Optmzaton of networ mesh topologes and ln capactes for congeston relef D. de Vllers * J.M. Hattngh School of Computer-, Statstcal- and Mathematcal Scences Potchefstroom Unversty for CHE * E-mal: rwddv@pu.ac.za
More informationResidential Demand Response under Uncertainty
Resdental Demand Response under Uncertanty Paul Scott and Sylve Thébaux and Menkes van den Brel Australan Natonal Unversty NICTA, Australa {frstname.lastname}@ncta.com.au Pascal Van Hentenryck Unversty
More informationChapter 2 Energy Cost Minimization for Internet Data Centers Considering Power Outages
Chapter 2 Energy Cost Mnmzaton for Internet Data Centers Consderng Power Outages Abstract Wth the adopton of smart grd, some cyber-related vulnerabltes may also be ntroduced. When cyber attacks are launched,
More information