TANGGUH LNG INTEGRATED SOCIAL PROGRAM (ISP)

Transcription

1 TANGGUH LNG INTEGRATED SOCIAL PROGRAM (ISP) Achieving Sustainable & Responsible Operation

2 dicetak di atas kertas daur ulang

3 Contents List of Figures...7 List of Tables...9 Acronyms and Indonesian Terms...11 Executive Summary...15 I Introduction...17 II External & Internal Context...25 Relevant External Standards & Best Practices...25 Project Context...25 Indigenous People...30 Area Setting...32 Progress & Achievement...33 Promotion of Development based on Community Assets...37 III Overall Goal...39 IV Components of Strategy...41 Key Assumptions...41 Influence of Local Issues on ISP-2 Strategy...43 Strategic Approaches...44 Key Characteristics...48 Basic Strategy...48 Strategy Architecture...51 Overview of Strategic Programs...53 V Strategy Implementation...65 Implementation Framework...65 Monitoring & Evaluation...69 Key Competencies and Organization...72 Budget Composition...75 Annexes

4 List of Figures 1 Project Location Tangguh Gas Reservoir LNG Plant and its Supporting Facilities Livelihood of RAVs in Central Government Transfer to Sub-National Governments Community Action Plan (CAP) Framework Strategy Architecture of ISP Chain of Results for Programs Process of Implementation Organization Structure Budget Composition for Budget Composition in

5 List of Tables 1 Programs Objective Raised Issues in DAVs Summary of Consultation Process Significant Impacts of the Operational Phase Issues and Mitigation of Indigenous People Human Development Index (HDI) of West Papua Province Villages and Districts Where ISP is Implemented The Growth of Households Income by Villages Type of Development Intervention ISP Implementation Framework Monitoring and Evaluation of ISP Competencies for ISP Operation Activities and Their Impact as Stated in AMDAL Description and Key Performance Indicator for Governance Program Description and Key Performance Indicator for Communication & External Affairs Program Description and Key Performance Indicator for Community Health Program Description and Key Performance Indicator for Education & Training Program Description and Key Performance Indicator for Livelihood Program Annual Plan Form Annual Activities Budget Monitoring Form Governance Program in C&EA Program in Livelihood Program in Health Program in Education & Training Program in

6 Acronyms ABCD Asset Based Community Development ADB Asian Development Bank ADK Alokasi Dana Kampung, Village Fund Allocation AMDAL Analisa Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan, Social and Environmental Impact Analysis CAP Community Action Planning CBO Community Based Organizations CEPPS Consultation, Empowerment, Partnership, Participation, and Sustainability CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation CSO Civil Society Organization CTPS Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun, soap hand washing DAK Dana Alokasi Khusus, Special Allocation Fund DAU Dana Alokasi Umum, General Allocation Fund DAV Directly Affected Villages DBH Dana Bagi Hasil, Revenue Sharing Fund DDUB Dana Daerah untuk Urusan Bersama, local fund for public affairs DGS Diversified Growth Strategy EMIS Education Management Information System GDP Group Defined Practices GRP Group Recommended Practices HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ICBS Integrated Community Based Security IPDP Indigenous People Development Plan ISP Integrated Social Program LARAP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan LNG Liquefied Natural Gas MDG Millennium Development Goals Musrenbang Musyawarah Perencanaan Pembangunan, Development Planning Meeting NGO Non Governmental Organizations PEG Poverty, Environment, and Gender PEME Plan, Execute, Monitor, Evaluate PIC Person in Charge PNPM Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, National Program for Community Empowerment Posbumil Pos Pelayanan Ibu Hamil, pregnant women service post Posyandu Pos Pelayanan Terpadu, children under five integrated service post Puskesmas Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, community health centre PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal RAV Resettlement Affected Villages Respek Rencana Strategis Pengembangan Kampung, Village Development Strategic Plan SOP Standard Operating Procedure 10 11

7 WP&B YPTB Working Program & Budget Yayasan Pengembangan Teluk Bintuni, Bintuni Bay Development Foundation 12

8 Executive Summary 1. As part of the Social and Environmental Impact Analysis (AMDAL) commitment, Tangguh LNG will continue its operation support program in the form of community investment for the next five years, Community Investment Program (CIP) is also recognized as Indigenous People Development Plan (IPDP) and more widely known as Integrated Social Program (ISP). The next five year CIP or the second period of ISP (ISP-2) shares several similar features with the first ISP (ISP-1) such as: using AMDAL as a reference document, emphasis on local participation, ensuring the benefits for local communities in which indigenous people constitute more than 70% of the local community. However, there are some differences: ISP-2 document is intended as a Guide for ISP implementation. ISP-2 has general and shared overall goals across the programs. ISP-2 programs will be streamlined, focussed, and regrouped into five main programs. ISP-2 is developed to mitigate the risks of the Tangguh LNG operational phase. 2. Bintuni Bay Regency in West Papua Province in which Tangguh LNG operates has experienced several changes. Local government budgets increased significantly, villages and district divisions were implemented, and many investments and economic activities were conducted and facilitated by local government. Nevertheless, Tangguh LNG still contributes to local development especially through its local workforce and social programs. The beneficiaries of the social programs were the local communities especially the indigenous people and vulnerable groups namely women and children. 3 The approach for conducting the social program of ISP-2 consists of: Development by the community encouraging local ownership and initiating development, Capacity driven local governance that will strengthen the capacity of local actors to enhance development effectiveness, Selected area development that will develop certain areas as best practice and can be replicated to other areas, Key sectoral development that will focus on selected sectors to create wide multiplier effects thereby increasing the impact, and Poverty-environment-gender mainstreaming that will ensure all the programs contribute to the basic strategic issue. 4. The overall goal of ISP-2 is to support local effort to enhance the quality of life of local communities through participative and accountable local development practices and to contribute to Tangguh LNG operational sustainability. The overall goal is formulated by acknowledging the role of Tangguh LNG as one among many local development stakeholders and its works will be influenced by the participation and cooperation of other parties. The focus 15

9 area of ISP-2 is not only limited to Bintuni Bay Regency, but includes Fakfak Regency in West Papua Province as well. 5. The ISP-2 document is developed as a Guide that groups the programs into governance, communication & external affairs, community health, education and Monitoring is intended to provide feedback to improve the effectiveness of ISP-2 activities and will be conducted monthly and quarterly. Evaluation will consist of an annual evaluation, a mid-term evaluation in 2013 and a final evaluation in Annual evaluation will focus on performance of each program. Mid-term Table 1: Programs Objective Programs Objective Formulation Governance Communication & External Affairs Community Health Education & Training Livelihood Contribution to the improvement of governance of government and civil society in accordance with transparency, accountability, and participation principles. Promotion of mutual respect and constructive relationship between Tangguh LNG and its local stakeholders in Papua. Supporting local government and local community to improve health quality and accessibility of health services. Supporting local government and local community efforts to achieve an educated and skilled local population. Improving capacity of households in local community to create diversified and sustainable income sources, and empowerment of indigenous Papuan contractors to be competitive. training, and livelihood. The document will be evaluated further annually and will be based on community participation. The objective is elaborated in programs objective, outcomes, and key outputs. The objective for each program is listed in the table The implementation of ISP is based on the framework called PEME, which consists of four components, namely Planning, Executing, Monitoring, and Evaluating as a learning cycle. Participation of local community in the framework is necessary and expected. 7. Internal and external parties will conduct monitoring and evaluation of ISP and by using a results-based approach. evaluation gives the opportunity to review and revise the overall social program based on political, social, and economical contexts. Final evaluation will measure the performance and impact of overall ISP implementation. 8. To ensure the optimum benefit of ISP and also to ensure the effectiveness of management support in dynamic context, ISP-2 puts emphasis more on the importance of acquisition of several key competencies. These competencies can be grouped into program related competencies and cross-cutting competencies. The competencies will guide the organization and personnel development of the ISP-2 implementation team. I. Introduction 9. The Tangguh LNG Project has already completed the construction phase and export activities have already started. The changing of the phases in Tangguh s lifecycle is also marked in LNG s social program. The first of Integrated Social Programs (ISP) will be continued and developed into the ISP-2, which contains several changes in the context, approaches, and program design. 10. The operational phase of Tangguh LNG Project has several characteristics, such as Significant sea traffic in Bintuni Bay A smaller workforce is needed at the site because of the completion of many construction activities Although export activities are starting, the distribution of revenue to local government will not be available for the next couple of years 11. More villages and districts have been developed in the last five years. More public services have been provided by local government, investment activities improved, and economic development has accelerated, especially agriculture and trading accelerated. While migration is gradually growing in the district, indigenous people still constitute more than 70% of local people in directly affected areas (DAVs) of Tangguh LNG. Indigenous people are also still the main beneficiaries of ISP. 12. Five years experience in implementing ISP resulted in the Tangguh LNG Project continuing its policy on integrating the Indigenous People Development Framework (IPDF) into ISP based on recognition of the following: While the majority of the population of the project-affected area comprises indigenous people, there is a close integration of indigenous and nonindigenous communities, households and individuals. Both indigenous and non-indigenous households and communities experience poverty, environmental, and socio-economic challenges. It is essential that an inclusive, integrated, and effective social investment framework for the area is implemented without losing sight of the condition of indigenous people and the social tension between local communities

10 13. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Action Plan (LARAP) to address involuntary resettlement came to final stage in which the planned activities already delivered and hand over of public facilities especially water and electricity facility to local cooperative take place. The commitment of Tangguh LNG to Resettlement Affected Villages (RAVs) as stated in AMDAL already completed and will be continued together with Directly Affected Villages (DAVs) in the next Integrated Social Program (ISP). 14. In the last five years, , the Tangguh LNG Project has already conducted several social programs as its commitment to implement the Environmental and Social Impact Analysis (AMDAL). In addition to meeting AMDAL requirements, Tangguh LNG Project has also committed itself to follow international guidelines and best practices on indigenous people and involuntary settlement. All the commitment took the form of the ISP that consisted of 14 programs, namely: 1. Governance and revenue management 2. Civil society strengthening 3. Bird s Head Business Empowerment 4. Management of workforce recruitment and industrial affairs 5. Mitigation of in-migration and adverse induced impacts 6. Government and civil society in Bintuni Bay Regency 7. Integrated Community-based Security (ICBS) 8. Health 9. Basic education 10. Vocational training 11. Women s empowerment 12. Microfinance and microenterprise development 13. Community Development Community Action Plans (CAP) 14. Land acquisition and resettlement action plan (LARAP) 15. ISP-1 implementation was marked by several achievements that are summarized in several study reports. 1 These stated: significant improvement of health and education status of local people; many improvement of public infrastructure in the villages; stronger roles of women in families and communities; better functioning and managed local government; and development of trust among key stakeholders. The achievement of ISP-1 also contributed significantly to the completion of the Tangguh LNG Project construction and initial export activities. 16. For the next five years, , Tangguh LNG recognizes different contexts, expectations and goal for ISP-2. New regulations at national level relating to social welfare, public services, and social and environmental responsibility have already been legalized and will soon be enacted; bigger local budget allocation and spending are creating opportunities and challenges for local development. 17. On the other hand, the ISP-1 implementation experience showed the importance of flexibility, innovation, and adaptation to ensure the effectiveness of the program and achievement of desired outcome and key output. Therefore, the ISP-2 document has several key figures / features: ISP-2 is developed as a guiding document for ISP implementation. The document contains corridors for program implementation while at the same time providing space for participation and adaptation. ISP-2 has general and shared overall goals across the programs. The overall goals will ensure the inter-linkages and synergy between programs. ISP-2 programs will be streamlined, focussed, and regrouped into five 1 Census of Population and Social Economy Condition in Bintuni Bay Area (UGM, 2009), Report of UGM and IPGI Village Govern ance (2010)

11 main programs namely governance, communication and external affairs, public health, education and training, and livelihood. ISP-2 is developed to mitigate the risks of the Tangguh LNG operational phase and anticipates further business plans that have different opportunities and challenges. 18. The ISP-2 document was developed between October 2009 and September 2010 through a gradual and open process as stated in IPDF that consist of four steps namely: Conducting a mid term review, Consulting with various stakeholders, Preparing a new reiteration of the ISP, Disclosure publicly the approved ISP. 19. As stated in IPDF and part of participatory mechanism within Tangguh social program, there are three regular participatory activities conducted by ISP implementing unit, they are Papua Stakeholder Review Meeting (PSRM), Non Governmental Organization (NGO) Forum, and Community Action Planning (CAP). The events are intended ensuring the program will reflect lessons learned, priorities, needs, and experiences of the various stakeholders. It is the source of ISP-2 formulation. Onar Lama 23 September Fisheries equipment Livestock development Provision of food supplement Vocational training Saengga 4-6 October Local art & culture Vocational training Provision of agriculture input Capacity building for village government Incentive for teachers and students Tanah Merah 11 October Fisheries equipment Agriculture input Provision of food supplement Vocational training Incentive and support for education Table 2: Raised issues in DAVs DAvs Date Participants Raised Issues Taroy Weriagar October January Infrastructure development Maternal and child health Scholarship for students 46 Maternal and child health Water and sanitation Walkway development Otoweri 27 October Support for health services and provision of equipment Water and sanitation Incentive for education Livelihood tools & equipments Infrastructure development Tomu 9 November Incentive for teachers and students Vocational training and provision of equipment Infrastructure development Mogotira Irarutu III January February Walkway development Incentive for students Vocational trainings Provision of food supplement Equipments for primary health services 42 Livelihood for women Provision of food supplement Infrastructure development Ekam Tofoi 9 November November Incentive for teachers and students Maternal and child health Agriculture input Fisheries equipment 67 Fisheries equipment Incentive for students Water and sanitation Infrastructure development Tomage 5 May Infrastructure development Onar Baru 22 September Agriculture and fisheries development Provision of food supplement Incentive for students and teachers Sebyar Rejosari 11 May Vocational training and provision of equipments Literacy class Water and sanitation 20 21

12 20 A mid term review already conducted and submitted to lenders in May 2009, followed by a census and series of study on LARAP, governance program, food security, demographic and livelihood condition. Consultation with various stakeholders was conducted three times, January 17-27, February 8 March 8, and May The intention of the consultations were seeking input to help define the scope, content, and direction of the ISP based on the changing context. Table 3: Summary of Consultation Process Date Location Stakeholders Raised Key Issues 20 January January March March March March 2010 Arandai Village Tanah Merah Baru (TMB) Village Principals, teachers, students of junior and senior high schools Board of local cooperatives and villagers Strategy to meet national standard Lack of teachers Corporal punishment and local culture Lack of electricity Local organizations still need further support More vocational trainings are needed to enhance production and income. Bintuni Team of PSKK UGM Weak capacity of local government affects the effectiveness of government programs. Many national regulations and standards are not implemented. Bintuni Bintuni Bintuni Team of IPB and local planning agency Secretary of Regency and Deputy of Regency Head Agriculture office, Health office, Education office, Marine & fisheries office, Local planning agency, Secretary of local parliament The method used in the consultation was in-depth interview to key source persons, discussion with local stakeholders especially implementing partners, local government and local peoples. A series of interview and discussion with field staff responsible of 14 programs already identified the impact and overlap among programs. Several discussions with local stakeholders are summarized in the following table. Consistency of policy is needed for enhancing agriculture performance. Developed infrastructure requires well-maintained. Lack of capacity of local government officers The need to make local government well function independently. As new district, there are some areas need to be strengthened. There are some new local policies that can be used to enhance people s welfare. Further collaboration between BP and local government need to be formulated and strengthened. 22 May May 2010 Tanah Merah Baru (TMB) Village and Weriagar Village Bintuni Farmers and villagers at TMB Village head and indigenous people leaders Team of British Council 21. The ISP-2 document addresses the key issues raised during consultation. In addition, we also consider other data/ information from Tangguh business plan, reports of study and assessment, central and local Government regulations (including AMDAL) and plans/priorities, changing political and social context and lessons learned of previous sources. Development of ISP-2 document was conducted through discussion and consultation on the drafts involving expert from BP headquarters for bringing best practices and lessons learned from other BP s operation in other part of the world. Families in TMB already developed more livelihoods to increase income. There is a concern on the commitment of local government to maintain electricity and clean water services in TMB. Division of villages create more demand for capacity building. Weriagar Village able to produce some regulations that replicated by other villages. Problems of education are lack of human resources, lack of transportation, weak institution. Government already adopted free cost education policy

13 Relevant External Standards and Best Practices 22. The development of ISP-2, like the ISP- 1, is guided by both global standards and best practices including indigenous people and environmental issues, and national requirements and regulations. The following documents set forth some of the standards and practices according to which Tangguh LNG operates: 23. The Tangguh LNG is a green-field facility for producing and exporting LNG and gas condensate. The LNG plant site is located on the southern shores of Bintuni Bay in Bintuni Bay Regency of Papua Barat Province, as shown in Figure 1. The gas resource for the Tangguh LNG is sourced from six natural gas fields: Vorwata, Wiriagar Deep, Ofaweri, Roabiba, Ubadari, II. External and Internal Context Project Context Tangguh LNG Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (AMDAL) BP s new Group Defined and Recommended Practices for projects (GDP and GRP ) Asian Development Bank (ADB) policy on Involuntary Resettlement ADB s policy on Indigenous People and Wos as shown in Figure 2. The current development includes all facilities for the production, collection, and transmission of natural gas and associated liquids from the Vorwata area. The gas is produced from offshore locations and transported via pipelines to an onshore LNG plant to be purified and liquefied into LNG for marine export by LNG tankers. 25

14 TANGGUH LNG PROJECT Figure 1. Project Location Figure 2. Tangguh Gas Reservoir 24. Tangguh LNG covered in the approved Integrated AMDAL consists of 6 (six) primary project activities as follows: 1. Gas exploitation facilities development (Drilling and Platforms); 2. Gas transmission pipeline development; 3. LNG plant development (and its supporting facilities); 4. Marine facilities development (Construction Jetty, Combo Dock, LNG Jetty, and Shipping); 5. Airfield development (originally planned to be built within Tangguh site but after further consideration, the plan is deferred pending further reviews); and 6. Resettlement of the pre-existing Tanah Merah village. 25. The unprocessed natural gas feedstock will be delivered from up to forty eight production wells located in three of the natural gas fields -- Vorwata, Wiriagar Deep, and Roabiba. The other three fields -- Ofaweri, Ubadari, and Wos -- continue to be defined and will ultimately be tapped. 26. The initial development includes two offshore platforms in water depths of 50m to 60m located in the Vorwata field designated VR-A and VR-B. Fifteen production wells have been drilled from these two platforms. Nine wells were drilled from the VRB platform, however, one well was temporarily abandoned for technical reasons. Six wells were made ready for production at the VR-A. The well depths are about 4600 m. 27. The gas is transported from the VR-A and VR-B platforms by two separate 61 cm (24 ) diameter subsea pipelines of approximately 20.5 km and 19.3 km in length respectively to the Onshore Receiving Facilities (ORF) at the Tangguh LNG plant where it is processed into LNG. 28. The LNG plant initially comprises of two production trains with an annual production capacity of 7.6 million tones. An LNG train consists of equipment that purifies and liquefies the natural gas. Figure 3. LNG Plant and its Supporting Facilities 26 27

15 29. The marine facilities consist of; (a) 1.6 km long jetty to an LNG loading dock, (b) a separate 1.2 kms long trestle to a multi-purpose dock ( Combo Dock ) used to support importation of equipment and materials for the onshore facilities construction, offshore drilling operations, cargo and personnel marine transportation, and the loading of condensate during the Operations phase. 30. Since second semester of 2009, Tangguh LNG has entered the operations phase, and this has led to different affected components and impacts. The AMDAL document has already identified the social, economic, cultural, public health and security impacts of the operation phase of Tangguh LNG. 31. Several potential significant negative impacts and significant positive impacts as indicated in AMDAL are summarized in the following table: Table 4: Significant Impacts of Operations Phase Significant Negative Impact o Difficulty in cooperation, conflict intensification, and problem of adjustment among the local people and between the local people and the project. o Decrease of fishing areas o Disruption of shipping routes o Income distribution gap o Gap of education related social status o Public attitude and perception towards the project for certain groups can be negative o Uncontrolled population growth and density o Uncontrolled migration o Family income level and patterns for certain groups such as fishermen can decrease o Cultural heritage in certain areas can be endangered o Project security disturbance potential o Potential threat to public order o Public and social facilities gap o Dispute on communal resources ownership o Prevalent diseases for certain diseases can be worse o Dispute with forest concession owners o Excessive natural resources utilization o Land value decrease o Problem on assimilation and integration Source: ANDAL (5-168, 920-eia-401 Rev 0C), modified Significant Positive Impact National o Increase of tax payments Province and Regency o Increase of tax payments o Increase of gross domestic product o Increase of export value o Increase of foreign exchange earnings o Proliferation of economic development centres Local o Decrease of unemployment rate o Family income level and patterns for certain groups can be improved o More opportunities on employment and business development o Improvement of income distribution o Improvement of public and social facilities o Betterment of education related social status & occupation o Public attitude and perception towards the project for certain groups can be positive o Improvement of public health o Prevalent diseases for certain diseases can be tackled Others o Cultural heritage in certain areas can be protected o Increase of land value o Better access and quality of education 28

16 32. In general, the operations phase is expected to provide wider direct and indirect positive impacts especially on the economy and the financial situation of both local government and local communities. On the other hand, the most anticipated impact of the operations phase is the growing expectations of local stakeholders that Tangguh LNG will provide more assistance and benefits than before. ISP-2 is expected to address these excessive expectations. 34. ADB defines indigenous people as those with a social or cultural identity distinct from the dominant or mainstream society. The World Bank recognizes that the identities and culture of indigenous peoples are inextricably linked to the lands on which they live and natural resources on which they depend. 35. Law 21 of 2001 on special autonomy in Papua defines indigenous people as those who came from Melanesian ethnic groups and/or those who are accepted and acknowledged as Papuan indigenous people by Papuan customs (adat) within the local communities. 36. In Bintuni Bay, the population s background is heterogeneous and made up of 38 ethnic groups. Among these ethnic groups, there are seven groups that are considered as indigenous; they are Wamesa, Irarutu, Soub, Sebyar, Kuri, Moskona, and Simuri. They are spread out in different villages in the Bintuni Bay District. In the affected area, there are two main ethnic groups that acknowledged as indigenous people, they are Sebyar and Simuri. Based on the latest census in 2009, 70% of local population in which ISP implemented are indigenous people therefore the beneficiaries of Tangguh ISP programs are mostly indigenous people. Indigenous People 33. There are several negative impacts of the operations phase. The most obvious ones are a smaller workforce than in the construction phase, and the impacts of heavier sea traffic on livelihoods. The workforce in the operational phase is not only smaller, but also has to be more skilled and experienced. Together with the challenge of develop diversified and sustainable livelihoods, the workforce issue has shaped the direction and content of ISP Generally speaking, ethnic groups comprise several clans, which in turn comprise several extended families. Typically, each clan is led by the head of the clan. There is also a head for each ethnic group. The person acts as a representative of the ethnic group while the head of clan manages matters with external parties. 38. The Indigenous People Development Plan (IPDP) as stated in ANDAL already identified several issues and commitments regarding indigenous people that need to be addressed. They were already addressed in the ISP-1 and will be still addressed in the ISP-2 by acknowledging developing needs of indigenous people and by ensuring their perspective is taken into account in all programs. Issues and commitments that have already been addressed and completed include housing, livelihood, land title, health and education services. The future challenge of the Indigenous People Related Program is to manage indigenous knowledge and use it as a foundation for local development. ISP-2 will address this issue. IPDP Section Table 5: Issues & Mitigation of Impacts on Indigenous People ISSUE OR IMPACT 10.1 Change in Access to Marine Resources 10.2 Traditional Rights and Recognition 10.3 Employment Opportunities MITIGATION OR ACTIVITY OBJECTIVES Ensure access to same or replacement protein and income sources o Maximize cultural harmony within and around the Tangguh LNG Project. o Minimize or prevent the marginalization of indigenous people in DAVs o Contribute to DAVs sense of self and cultural pride o Maximize the participation of DAV people and other Papuans in the project workforce. o Improve harmony within the multicultural workforce and between the project and the DAVs 10.4 Health Maintain or improve the health status of the community by working in partnership with health authorities and other organizations 10.5 Social Cohesion and Adjustment 10.6 Security and Human Rights 10.7 Spatial Plans and Changes in Zones 10.8 Forum for Development Dialogue o Build trust and communication within and between people in DAVs. o Fluid communication to rapidly identify and resolve potential issues o Protect the project s human and material assets o Promote secure surroundings and peaceful existence for DAVs Work with government to develop strategic programs to distribute benefits of the project, to promote regional growth centres and discourage unsustainable rates of growth in DAV. Enable frequent and effective communication within and between project stakeholders and project proponents / promoters Cultural Heritage Sites Avoid disturbance of sites where possible, and ensure appropriate management of sites where disturbance is unavoidable. Source: RKL Appendix F (F-37 F-41), modified 30 31