Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Guide

Transcription

1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Guide Volume 1: General PPE February 2003 F

2 This guide is designed to be used by supervisors, lead workers, managers, employers, and anyone responsible for the safety and health of employees. Employees are also encouraged to use information in this guide to analyze their own jobs, be aware of work place hazards, and take active responsibility for their own safety. Photos and graphic illustrations contained within this document were provided courtesy of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Oregon OSHA, United States Coast Guard, EnviroWin Safety, Microsoft Clip Gallery (Online), and the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries.

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS (If viewing this pdf document on the computer, you can place the cursor over the section headings below until a hand appears and then click. You can also use the Adobe Acrobat Navigation Pane to jump directly to the sections.) How To Use This Guide... 4 A. Introduction...6 B. What you are required to do Do a Hazard Assessment for PPE and document it Select and provide appropriate PPE to your employees Provide training to your employees and document it Make sure your employees use their PPE properly Make sure PPE is in safe and good condition C. Resources...14 Tools/Forms: Checklists and forms you can use to help you comply with PPE requirements Guidelines for complying with PPE requirements Hazard Assessment For PPE Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE Additional Guidelines for Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) Assessment for PPE Personal Protective Equipment Training Certification Form Personal Protective Equipment Training Quiz Sample PPE Policies Recognizing and Controlling Hazards What is a hazard? How do you control hazards? Engineering Controls Work Practice Controls Administrative Controls Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Types of Personal Protective Equipment Head Protection Eye and Face Protection Facts About Eye Protection in the Workplace Hand And Arm Protection Foot and Leg Protection Torso/Body Protection Protection from Drowning L&I Service Locations and Services Links to Additional Information

4 How To Use This Guide This guide will help you to comply with the WISHA (Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act) Personal Protective Equipment rules. Volume 1: General Personal Protective Equipment, covers PPE requirements used to protect the head, eyes and face, hand and arm, foot and leg, and body (torso) in most work environments. Future volumes will cover other PPE, such as Hearing Protection, Respiratory Protection, Fall Protection, etc., which have specific requirements, including separate written programs. This guide features a Resource section containing!!! Sample checklists and forms that you can use and modify (Microsoft Word format) to fit the needs of your particular work place. Optional PPE policies which you may choose to incorporate into your Accident Prevention Program. (If you need assistance with your Accident Prevention Program, you can consult the Accident Prevention Program Guide.) Information on particular types of PPE to help you select the appropriate equipment. This guide is not a substitute for the WISHA standards. You need to refer to the Washington Administrative Code (WAC) chapters listed below to make sure you comply with the rules when using this guide.!! For this user guide on general PPE, refer to PPE in the Core Rules... Chapter The hazards in your work place may have special rules that apply to them. For information about PPE for specific work places or work tasks, see these WISHA rules: Work place WAC code reference Construction Work Chapter Electrical Workers Chapter Fire Fighters Chapter General Occupational Health Standards Chapter such as Hearing Protection Chapter Part K Respiratory Protection Chapter Part E Bloodborne Pathogens Chapter Part J General Safety and Health Standards Chapter such as Welding Protection Chapter Part I Electrical Protection Chapter Part L Logging Operations Chapter Pulp, Paper, & Paperboard Mills and Converters Chapter Ship Repairing, Ship Building and Ship Breaking Chapter Ski Area Facilities and Operations Chapter Telecommunication Chapter Textile Industry Chapter

5 Note: If viewing this document on your computer, you can click on the blue hyperlinks to jump to other sections (locations within the document have page references). Place the cursor over the selected hyperlink until a hand appears and then click. You must have Internet access when clicking on hyperlinks to web sites, WISHA rules, and other referenced sources not located within this document. Additional information This icon indicates a tool (such as a checklist) that you can use to help you meet a PPE rule requirement. You should customize and modify it as necessary to fit the needs of your particular work place. If you need further assistance with the personal protective equipment rules and requirements, you can Contact the Consultation Services section at your local Labor & Industries Office for free help. See the Resources section, p.66 for an office in your area. Call BE SAFE ( ), L&I s central office line Seek information from other safety and health organizations. A listing is provided at the end of the Resources section on p. 69 Links to Additional Information. Contact your personal protective equipment supplier for information and assistance on selecting the appropriate type of PPE for the hazards at your work place. 5

6 A. Introduction When an injury occurs in the workplace, not only does the worker suffer but the costs medical and time loss payments, loss in productivity, costs for a replacement worker, and potential increase in insurance premium costs can be great. According to the Department of Labor & Industries, there were 11,240 claims for eye injuries alone in the year 2000, totaling over five million dollars (total costs to date) and averaging $452 per claim. You can protect your workers and prevent work place injuries and resulting costs. For example, efforts to reduce eye injuries in the residential wood framing industry by the Department of Labor & Industries, working in conjunction with employers and the public, have resulted in a 30% drop in eye injuries so far during the period from July 1, 2001 through March 31, As an employer, you are required by Washington State s occupational safety and health rules to provide a safe and healthful work place for your employees. You must identify and anticipate hazards your workers are or may be exposed to, and provide appropriate protective measures. One type of protective measure is personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE is equipment or a device that protects a worker s body from hazards and any harmful conditions (existing and potential) that may result in injury, illness, or possibly death. PPE may be an item worn on the body, such as gloves, or a device, such as a protective shield or barrier. (See table of examples on next page.) PPE is the least effective way to protect workers because it does not eliminate or reduce the hazard; it only places a barrier between the worker and the hazard. If the PPE fails or is not used, then the worker is not protected from the hazard. Therefore, try considering more effective methods to control the hazard before resorting to PPE. Use a system of strategies, called the "Hierarchy of Controls," which prioritizes control methods that try to remove or reduce the hazard: Hierarchy of Controls 1. Engineering Controls 2. Work Practice Controls Administrative Controls 3. Personal Protective Equipment (See How do you control hazards on p. 38 for further discussion on these control methods.) If engineering, work practice, and/or administrative controls do not adequately protect your employees and PPE is used, you must comply with the safety and health 6

7 requirements under WAC Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The next section tells you what you must do if your employees need PPE. Examples of some PPE: Body part Example of PPE Example of hazard/ hazardous condition Head hard hat contact from falling object Face face shield impact from flying wood chips Eyes safety glasses liquid chemical splash Body (torso) leather apron burn from molten metal work Arms, hands puncture-resistant metalmesh cut from shellfish processing gloves Legs, feet knee guards awkward posture, pressure from carpet laying Potentially life-threatening life jacket (personal flotation device) *body harness/personal fall protection system drowning from falling into water *fall from roof Ears *ear plugs *loud noise from machinery Lungs *face mask with cartridge *vapors from cleaning with solvent * PPE for these and other hazards are not included in this volume of the PPE Guide but will be covered in future volumes (see WAC for respiratory and hearing protection and WAC for fall protection for further assessment). 7

8 B. What you are required to do The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Rule WAC says you must Do a Hazard Assessment for PPE and document it Select and provide appropriate PPE to your employees (p.10) Provide training to your employees and document it (p.11) Make sure your employees use their PPE properly (p.12) Make sure PPE is in safe and good condition (p.12) You can use the "Guidelines for complying with PPE requirements checklist on p. 16 to help you with meeting the requirements of the PPE rules. 1. Do a Hazard Assessment for PPE and document it Before you can know if your employees need PPE, you must assess your work place for hazards. It will help you select the appropriate PPE for any hazards present or likely to be present. WISHA also requires you to document that you have done a hazard assessment. As the person responsible for conducting the hazard assessment, you are accountable both for the quality and thoroughness of the hazard assessment. 8

9 The table below lists two suggested approaches/methods that you can take to fulfill this requirement: Method Tool This tool helps you: Advantage Disadvantage Hazard Assessment for PPE Checklist (see p. 17) -Identify hazards by the body parts affected -Good for retail and non-manufacturing businesses with few hazards -Not very detailed -May not be adequate for a manufacturing site Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) and Hazard Assessment for PPE Chart (see p. 21) -Break down the job into tasks or steps -Identify hazard types and sources -Assign a risk priority code to determine what action to take -Good for detailed analysis of hazards associated with a job or task -Provides a description of how to do the job* -Requires more resources and time * This can also be useful for Training new workers on the job procedures Accident investigations American Disabilities Act (ADA) determination of reasonable accommodation Whichever method you use to do the hazard assessment either one of the above or your own method involve the employees throughout the process: review the job steps, discuss potential hazards, and recommend solutions together. They are the most familiar with their jobs and their work area, and can provide information about their job that you may not necessarily see when you observe them at work. They may have ideas or have already worked out some practical solutions, and will be more likely to accept and adhere to changes in policies and procedures if they are involved in the decision-making process. Document (either on paper or electronically, as long as it is available to safety and health personnel from the Department of Labor and Industries) that the PPE hazard assessment has been done with the information required under WAC Document your hazard assessment for PPE. Using and signing either of the hazard assessment tools in the table above will fulfill this requirement. Reassess hazards It is a good idea to reassess hazards periodically and on an as-needed basis. You may want to review your hazard assessment every year and update it whenever there are changes in your work place, such as job/task changes you get new equipment there has been an accident 9

10 Even if no changes have been made in a job, you might find hazards you missed in the previous analysis. Incorporate any new PPE requirements that you have developed into your written accident prevention program. 2. Select and provide appropriate PPE to your employees If PPE is determined to be necessary (see How do you control hazards?, p. 38), select PPE for your employees that is suitably matched to the hazard to provide the appropriate protection. The PPE must be of safe design and construction for the work. This includes PPE for head protection (p. 43) eye and face protection (p. 46) hand and arm protection (p. 54) foot and leg protection (p. 58) torso (body) protection (p. 61) and protection from drowning hazards (p. 63) Discuss the selections with the employees required to use the PPE and provide them with the appropriate PPE that Is durable. Fits snugly to assure maximum protection. Doesn t interfere with the employee s movements. PPE items/devices are not one size fits all. PPE that fits poorly will not properly protect the wearer and may make it more difficult to work. For example, loose-fitting protective clothing can get caught in moving machine parts; poorly fitting gloves will increase the effort required to do a job. Also, an employee is less likely to use PPE that causes discomfort. 10

11 3. Provide training to your employees and document it There are several ways in which you can provide your employees with the proper training on the PPE they are required to use. You can Provide your own training Borrow safety and health videotapes from L&I s video library Call your local L&I Office s Consultation Services for free assistance with your training program. and/or Seek the services of an outside consultant specializing in safety and health training See L&I Services (p. 66) for a listing of the L&I Service Location Offices and the L&I Safety and Health Video Library. The training must be customized to the particular processes and hazards at your work place and it must be documented (see WAC Document PPE Training). You can use the sample PPE training certification form to document the training (see p. 31). You can use the OPTIONAL Sample PPE Training Quiz to make sure that your employees understood the training and can use their PPE properly before you allow them to do any work requiring PPE (see p. 32). 11

12 Retraining: You must retrain an employee whose work habits or demonstrated knowledge indicates a lack of the necessary understanding, motivation, and skills required to use the PPE (i.e., uses PPE improperly) when changes in the work place make previous training out-of-date (for example, when you get new equipment) when changes in the types of PPE to be used make previous training out-of-date Don t forget to document any retraining that you do. 4. Make sure your employees use their PPE properly Make sure that your employees are using required PPE properly and are following the policies and procedures regarding PPE established at your work place. Have supervisors or lead workers regularly monitor, supervise, reinforce, and enforce the correct use and care of PPE by employees. Provide follow-up training if necessary to ensure that each employee has the adequate skill, knowledge, and ability to use his/her personal protective equipment. If necessary, you may have to take measures to enforce PPE use. For suggestions on dealing with employees who do not follow PPE procedures (or other safety policies) established at your work place, see a sample Safety Disciplinary Policy (p. Sample Policies-8) in the Sample PPE Policies section beginning on p. 33. If employees choose to provide their own PPE, make sure that it is adequate for the work place hazards, and that it is maintained in a clean and reliable condition. 5. Make sure PPE is in safe and good condition Make sure that PPE is inspected before each use, and that it is cleaned and maintained according to manufacturers recommendations and instructions. Cleaning is particularly important for eye and face protection where dirty or fogged lenses could impair vision. 12

13 Recommended: Attach a copy of the manufacturers cleaning and care instructions for all PPE provided to your employees in the PPE section of your Accident Prevention Program. DISCARD DEFECTIVE PPE! Do not use any defective equipment, including any employee-supplied equipment. NOTE: Defective equipment can be worse than no PPE at all. Employees would avoid a hazardous situation if they knew they were not protected; but they would get closer to the hazard if they wrongly believed they were protected (by defective equipment) and therefore would be at greater risk. 13

14 C. Resources This section contains information and tools to help you with the WISHA PPE requirements. Tools and Forms Recognizing and Controlling Hazards Types of Personal Protective Equipment L&I Service Locations and Services Links to Additional Information

15 Tools/Forms: Checklists and forms you can use to help you comply with PPE requirements You can use the following tools (available in editable Microsoft Word format) to assist you with some of the PPE safety requirements. We encourage you to modify and customize them to fit the specific needs of your particular work place. Guidelines for complying with PPE requirements (click here for the editable version) Conducting a Hazard Assessment Option 1: Hazard Assessment for PPE (click here for the editable version) Option 2: Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE (click here for the editable version) PPE Training Certification Form (click here for the editable version) PPE Training Quiz for Employees (click here for the editable version) Sample PPE Policies (click here for the editable version) 15

16 Guidelines for complying with PPE requirements Use this checklist to help you comply with the PPE requirements at your work place. You can use the available tools in the far right column to help you accomplish the step. Check off the boxes in the far left column as you complete each step. Done STEP Tools Do a work place walk-through and look for hazards (including potential hazards) in all employees work spaces and work place operating procedures. Consider engineering, administrative, and/or work practice methods to control the hazards first. Identify those existing/ potential hazards and tasks that require PPE. Select the appropriate PPE to match the hazards and protect employees. Communicate PPE selection to each at-risk employee. Provide properly fitting PPE to each employee required to use it. Checklist #1: PPE Hazard Assessment or Checklist #2: JHA PPE Hazard Assessment Train employees on the use of PPE and document it. PPE Training Certification Form Test employees to make sure they understand the elements of the PPE training. Follow up to evaluate effectiveness of PPE use, training, policies, etc. against the hazards at your work place. Yes No All employees have been trained Yes No Employees are using their PPE properly and following PPE policies and procedures Yes No Supervisors are enforcing use of required PPE (If you checked any No boxes, go back through the steps and correct the deficiencies.) Sample PPE Training Quiz (optional) Yes No Have things changed at your work place? (e.g., fewer injuries/illnesses) 16

17 Option 1 Hazard Assessment For PPE Use with WAC Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) This tool can help you do a hazard assessment to see if your employees need to use personal protective equipment (PPE) by identifying activities that may create hazards for your employees. The activities are grouped according to what part of the body might need PPE. You can make copies, modify and customize it to fit the specific needs of your particular work place, or develop your own form that is appropriate to your work environment. This tool can also serve as written certification that you have done a hazard assessment as required by WAC Document your hazard assessment for PPE. Make sure that the blank fields at the beginning of the checklist (indicated by *) are filled out (see below, Instructions #4). Instructions: 1. Do a walk through survey of each work area and job/task. Read through the list of work activities in the first column, putting a check next to the activities performed in that work area or job. 2. Read through the list of hazards in the second column, putting a check next to the hazards to which employees may be exposed while performing the work activities or while present in the work area. (for e.g., work activity: chopping wood; work-related exposure: flying particles). 3. Decide how you are going to control the hazards. Try considering engineering, work place, and/or administrative controls to eliminate or reduce the hazards before resorting to using PPE. If the hazard cannot be eliminated without using PPE, indicate which type(s) of PPE will be required to protect your employee from the hazard. 4. Make sure that you complete the following fields on the form (indicated by *) to certify that a hazard assessment was done: *Name of your work place *Address of the work place where you are doing the hazard assessment *Name of person certifying that a workplace hazard assessment was done *Date the hazard assessment was done 17

18 Option 1 PPE Hazard Assessment Certification Form *Name of work place: *Assessment conducted by: *Work place address: *Date of assessment: Work area(s): Job/Task(s): *Required for certifying the hazard assessment. Use a separate sheet for each job/task or work area EYES Work activities, such as: abrasive blasting sanding chopping sawing cutting grinding drilling hammering welding punch press operations other: Work-related exposure to: airborne dust flying particles blood splashes hazardous liquid chemicals intense light other: Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes No If no, use: Safety glasses Side shields Safety goggles Dust-tight Shading/Filter (# ) goggles Welding shield Other: FACE Work activities, such as: cleaning foundry work cooking welding siphoning mixing painting pouring molten dip tank operations metal other Work-related exposure to: hazardous liquid chemicals extreme heat/cold potential irritants: other: Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes No If no, use: Face shield Shading/Filter (# ) Welding shield Other: HEAD Work activities, such as: building maintenance confined space operations construction electrical wiring walking/working under catwalks walking/working under conveyor belts walking/working under crane loads utility work other: Work-related exposure to: beams pipes exposed electrical wiring or components falling objects machine parts other: Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes No If no, use: Protective Helmet Type A (low voltage) Type B (high voltage) Type C Bump cap (not ANSI-approved) Hair net or soft cap Other: 18

19 HANDS/ARMS Work activities, such as: baking material handling cooking sanding grinding sawing welding hammering working with glass using computers using knives dental and health care services other: Option 1 Work-related exposure to: blood irritating chemicals tools or materials that could scrape, bruise, or cut extreme heat/cold other: Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes No If no, use: Gloves Chemical resistance Liquid/leak resistance Temperature resistance Abrasion/cut resistance Slip resistance Protective sleeves Other: FEET/LEGS Work activities, such as: building maintenance construction demolition food processing foundry work logging plumbing trenching use of highly flammable materials welding other: Work-related exposure to: explosive atmospheres explosives exposed electrical wiring or components heavy equipment slippery surfaces tools other: Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes No If no, use: Safety shoes or boots Toe protection Metatarsal protection Electrical protection Heat/cold protection Puncture resistance Chemical resistance Anti-slip soles Leggings or chaps Foot-Leg guards Other: BODY/SKIN Work activities such as: baking or frying battery charging dip tank operations fiberglass installation irritating chemicals sawing other: Work-related exposure to: chemical splashes extreme heat/cold sharp or rough edges other: Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes No If no, use: Vest, Jacket Coveralls, Body suit Raingear Apron Welding leathers Abrasion/cut resistance Other: 19

20 BODY/WHOLE 1 Work activities such as: building maintenance construction logging utility work other: Option 1 Work-related exposure to: working from heights of 10 feet or more working near water other: Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes No If no, use: Fall Arrest/Restraint: Type: PFD: Type: Other: LUNGS/RESPIRATORY 1 Work activities such as: cleaning pouring mixing sawing painting fiberglass installation compressed air or gas operations other: Work-related exposure to: irritating dust or particulate irritating or toxic gas/vapor other: *(See Footnote 1) Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes No *(See Footnote 1) EARS/HEARING 1 Work activities such as: generator grinding ventilation fans machining motors routers sanding sawing pneumatic equipment punch or brake presses use of conveyors other: Work-related exposure to: loud noises loud work environment noisy machines/tools punch or brake presses other: Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE? Yes No *(See Footnote 1) (1) NOTE: There are other hazards requiring PPE (such as respiratory, noise, fall, etc. hazards), that are not included in this volume of the PPE Guide but will be covered in future volumes (see WAC for respiratory and hearing protection and WAC for fall protection for further assessment). However, you should consider all hazards when you conduct your hazard assessment. See a list of other WISHA rules (in How to use this guide p. 4) for information regarding PPE for specific work places. 20

21 Option 2 Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE Use with WAC Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) approach to doing a hazard assessment for PPE is a more comprehensive method and may be more useful in larger businesses with many hazards and/or complex safety issues. It also helps you assign a Risk Priority Code to the hazard to determine the course of actions you need to take to control the hazard. Follow the instructions as you conduct your hazard assessment and fill in the hazard assessment form. You can make copies of the form or customize it to fit the needs of your work place. For more detailed explanations of the instructions and guidance on doing the hazard assessment, including completed sample forms, see the Additional Guidelines on Conducting a JHA Hazard Assessment for PPE, pages 25-30). This tool can also serve as written certification that you have done a hazard assessment as required by WAC Document your hazard assessment for PPE. Make sure that the blank fields at the bottom of the form (indicated by *) are filled out. *Name of your work place *Address of the work place where you are doing the hazard assessment *Name of person certifying that a workplace hazard assessment was done *Date the hazard assessment was done 21

22 Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE: Instructions Option 2 1. Conduct a walk through survey of your business. For each job/task step, note the presence of any of the following hazard types (see table below) their sources, and the body parts at risk. Fill out the left side of the hazard assessment form (for help, see samples on p.29-30). Gather all the information you can. Look at all steps of a job and ask the employee if there are any variations in the job that are infrequently done and that you might have missed during your observation. For purposes of the assessment, assume that no PPE is being worn by the affected employees even though they may actually be wearing what they need to do the job safely. Note all observed hazards. This list does not cover all possible hazards that employees may face or for which personal protective equipment may be required. Noisy environments or those which may require respirators must be evaluated with appropriate test equipment to quantify the exposure level when overexposure is suspected. Hazard Type General Description of Hazard Type Impact Person can strike an object or be struck by a moving or flying or falling object. Penetration Person can strike, be struck by, or fall upon an object or tool that would break the skin. Crush or pinch An object(s) or machine may crush or pinch a body or body part. Harmful Dust Presence of dust that may cause irritation, or breathing or vision difficulty. May also have ignition potential. Exposure from spills, splashing, or other contact with chemical substances or harmful dusts that could Chemical cause illness, irritation, burns, asphyxiation, breathing or vision difficulty, or other toxic health effects. May also have ignition potential. Heat Exposure to radiant heat sources, splashes or spills of hot material, or work in hot environments. Light (optical) Radiation Exposure to strong light sources, glare, or intense light exposure which is a byproduct of a process. Electrical Contact Exposure to contact with or proximity to live or potentially live electrical objects. Ergonomic hazards Repetitive movements, awkward postures, vibration, heavy lifting, etc. Environmental Conditions in the work place that could cause discomfort or negative health effects. hazards 2. Analyze the hazard. For each job task with a hazard source identified, use the Job Hazard Analysis Matrix table and discuss the hazard with the affected employee and supervisor. Fill out the right side of the hazard assessment form: Rate the SEVERITY of injury that would reasonably be expected to result from exposure to the hazard. Rate the PROBABILITY of an accident actually happening. Assign a RISK CODE based upon the intersection of the SEVERITY and PROBABILITY ratings on the matrix. 22

23 Option 2 Level Severity of Injury Description Job Hazard Analysis Matrix Probability of an Accident Occurring A Frequent B Several Times C Occasional D Possible E Extremely Improbable I Fatal or Permanent Disability II Severe Illness or Injury III Minor Injury or Illness IV No Injury or Illness Risk Priority Code Risk Level Action Required 1 High Work activities must be suspended immediately until hazard can be eliminated or controlled or reduced to a lower level. 2 Medium Job hazards are unacceptable and must be controlled by engineering, administrative, or personal protective equipment methods as soon as possible. 3 Low No real or significant hazard exists. Controls are not required but may increase the comfort level of employees. 3. Take action on the assessment. Depending on the assigned Risk Level/Code (or Risk priority), take the corresponding action according to the table above: If Risk priority is LOW (3) for a task step # requires no further action. Note: If you assign a risk code of 3, be sure that there isn t a WISHA standard that requires specific protection be provided. For example: WAC requires personal protective equipment when using compressed air for cleaning. If Risk priority is MEDIUM (2) # select and implement appropriate controls. If Risk priority is HIGH (1) # immediately stop the task step until appropriate controls can be implemented. A high risk priority means that there is a reasonable to high probability that an employee will be killed or permanently disabled doing this task step and/or a high probability that the employee will suffer severe illness or injury! 4. Select PPE: Try to reduce employee exposure to the hazard by first implementing engineering, work practice, and/or administrative controls. If PPE is supplied, it must be appropriately matched to the hazard to provide effective protection, durability, and proper fit to the worker. Note the control method to be implemented in the far right column. 5. Certify the hazard assessment: Certify on the hazard assessment form that you have done the hazard assessment and implemented the needed controls. Incorporate any new PPE requirements that you have developed into your written accident prevention program. 23

24 Option 2 Job Hazard Analysis for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Assessment Job/Task: Location: Job/Task Step Hazard Type Hazard Source Body Parts At Risk Severity Probability Risk Code Control Method 1 (1) Note: Engineering, work practice, and/or administrative hazard controls such as guarding must be used, if feasible, before requiring employees to use personal protective equipment. Certification of Assessment *Name of work place: *Address *Assessment Conducted By: Title: *Date(s) of Assessment Implementation of Controls Approved By: Title: Date:. 24 Page

25 Option 2 Additional Guidelines for Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) Assessment for PPE 1. Do a walk through survey identify sources of hazards 2. Analyze the Hazards (p. 25) 3. Take Action on the Assessment (p. 27) 4. Select PPE (p. 28) 5. Certify the Hazard Assessment (p. 28) Example completed forms (p. 29) 1. Do a walk through survey identify sources of hazards: Walk through each area of the work place and note the presence of any existing as well as potential hazards. Also note general conditions in the area for hazards such as inadequate lighting, noise, tripping hazards, forklift traffic, etc. Write down each hazard, where it occurs, what causes it (hazard source), and the body part at risk on the Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) form, which you can use to assess your PPE needs. At this step, you are trying to gather as much information as you can. (Note all observed hazards. Noisy environments or those that may require respirators must be evaluated with appropriate test equipment to quantify the exposure level when overexposure is suspected.) a. Look at all steps of a job. Most jobs can be broken down into steps. List each step in the first column of the form in order as you watch the employee do the job. Be sure to record enough information to describe the step. However, only break the job down into the number of steps that are useful for identifying hazards and training employees. With practice you will get a sense of how far to break the job down. Go over the job steps with the employee. Ask the employee if there are any variations in the job that are infrequently done and that you might have missed during your observation. b. After you list all the job steps, go back and look at each step for hazards or potential hazards, their sources, and the body parts at risk. List them in the next three columns opposite the step. For purposes of the assessment, assume that no personal protective equipment is being worn even if the worker is wearing what he/she needs to do the job safely at the time you do the observation. Repeat this process until you are satisfied that all hazards have been identified. 2. Analyze the Hazards: Use the Job Hazard Analysis Matrix to help you assign a Risk Priority Code for each hazard to determine what actions you need to take for the hazard. A matrix lets you evaluate two criteria (Severity and Probability in this case) at the same time to get one rating for the combined relationship (the Risk Priority Code). For each job task with a hazard source identified, discuss the hazard 25

26 Option 2 with the affected employee and supervisor and fill out the appropriate columns on the hazard assessment form. a. Rate the SEVERITY of injury (I-IV) that could result from the employee's exposure to the hazard during the task step. Estimate the most serious injury or illness that each hazard could reasonably cause and enter on the form. For example, contact with an unguarded table saw blade could be more serious than a cut; it could cause amputation of a finger or hand. Factors increasing severity include working at elevation speed amount of energy temperature toxicity weight physical fitness, etc. b. Rate the PROBABILITY of an accident actually happening (A-E). Estimate the likelihood for employee exposure to the hazard, considering such factors as How often does exposure occur? How often does the hazard exist? How many employees are exposed? How far away is the hazard? How close do they get to the hazard? What other conditions make injury or illness more or less likely? Factors increasing probability include frequency of exposure to the danger point duration of exposure number of employees involved factors causing stress lack of training physical and mental capability of the worker. 26

27 Option 2 Job Hazard Analysis Matrix Severity of Injury Probability of an Accident Occurring Level Description A Frequent B Several Times C Occasional D Possible E Extremely Improbable I Fatal or Permanent Disability II Severe Illness or Injury III Minor Injury or Illness IV No Injury or Illness c. Assign a RISK PRIORITY CODE (1, 2, or 3) to the task step based upon the severity and probability assessments on the matrix. For example, a Severity of III and a Probability of B gives a Risk Code of 2 (look at where they intersect). 3. Take Action on the Assessment: Risk Priority Risk Code Risk Level Action Required 1 High 2 Medium 3 Low If the risk priority code is Stop work activities immediately until hazard can be eliminated, controlled, or reduced to a lower level. Job hazards are unacceptable and must be controlled by engineering, work practice, administrative, and/or PPE methods as soon as possible. No real or significant hazard exists. Controls are not required but may increase employees comfort level. LOW (3) for a task step then it requires no further action. Note: If you assign a risk code of 3, be sure that there isn t a WISHA standard that requires specific protection be provided. For example: WAC requires personal protective equipment when using compressed air for cleaning. MEDIUM (2), then you must select and implement appropriate controls such as engineering, work practices, administrative, or personal protective equipment (PPE). HIGH (1) then you must discontinue the task step until appropriate controls can be implemented. 27

28 Option 2 A high risk priority means that there is a reasonable to high probability that an employee will be killed or permanently disabled doing this task step and/or a high probability that the employee will suffer severe illness or injury! 4. Select PPE: Try to reduce employee exposure by first implementing effective controls that do not primarily rely on individual employee behavior (such as using PPE). Follow the "Hierarchy of Controls" (p. 38). a. For each hazard you identified, ask the question: Can we change the way this job is done to eliminate or reduce this hazard? Ideas might include combining steps, changing the sequence, a different tool, a change in the workstation, ventilation etc. The employees who do this job may have some good practical ideas. b. If none of these will work, what personal protective equipment (PPE) is needed? If PPE is needed, it must be appropriately matched to the hazard to provide effective protection against the hazard. c. Write down your solution in the Control Method column opposite the hazard. If you still aren t satisfied that the hazard is under control, you may need to consider not doing this job or doing it less often. 5. Certify the hazard assessment: Make sure you sign and fill in the required information (indicated by *) at the bottom of the form for proper documentation of the hazard assessment. The following pages show two examples of completed JHA hazard assessments for PPE. 28

29 Option 2 SAMPLE 1 Job Hazard Analysis for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Assessment Job/task: Mill Operator, Mill operator helper Location:. Milling room. Job/Task Step Hazard Type Hazard Source Bridgeport Mill Operator Body Parts At Risk Severity Probability Risk Code Control Method* -Insert stock to chuck penetration moving cutter fingers I C 1 Turn off cutter when changing stock -Processing material impact flying metal chips eyes, face II B 1 install clear guard and require safety glasses penetration moving cutter fingers I C 1 install clear cutter guard noise (86 dba) motor/cutter ears II C 2 require ear plugs or muffs chemical irritation cutting fluid hands III B 2 switch to non-allergenic cutting fluid - remove stock penetration metal shavings attached to hands III C 3 be attentive to work stock Mill Operator's Helper - bring / take pallet of stock to from the milling machine crush rolling / falling stock feet II C 2 require steel toe shoes crush rolling / falling stock hands III B 2 wear leather gloves when handling stock by hand (1) Note: Engineering, work practice, and/ or administrative hazard controls such as guarding must be used, if feasible, before requiring employees to use personal protective equipment. Certification of Assessment *Name of work place Brinner Bro. Inc. *Address Miranda, Farragut WA *Assessment Conducted By Kevin Sharp Title Safety Officer *Date(s) of Assessment 3/5/96. Implementation of Controls Approved By Title Date. 29 Page 1

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31 Personal Protective Equipment Training Certification Form Employee s Name: Employee ID No. Job Title/Work area: Employer: Trainer s Name (person completing this form): Date of Training: Types of PPE employee is being trained to use: The following information and training on the personal protective equipment (PPE) listed above were covered in the training session: The limitations of personal protective equipment: PPE alone cannot protect the employee from on-the-job hazards. What work place hazards the employee faces, the types of personal protective equipment that the employee must use to be protected from these hazards, and how the PPE will protect the employee while doing his/her tasks. When the employee must wear or use the personal protective equipment. How to use the personal protective equipment properly on-the-job, including putting it on, taking it off, and wearing and adjusting it (if applicable) for a comfortable and effective fit. How to properly care for and maintain the personal protective equipment: look for signs of wear, clean and disinfect, and dispose of PPE. Note to employee: This form will be made a part of your personal file. Please read and understand its contents before signing. (Employee) I understand the training I have received, and I can use PPE properly. Employee s signature Date (Trainer must check off) Employee has shown an understanding of the training. Employee has shown the ability to use the PPE properly. Trainer s signature Date 31

32 Personal Protective Equipment Training Quiz (RECOMMENDED) (This is a sample quiz that you can use to make sure an employee has understood the training and can demonstrate the proper use and care of personal protective equipment. Also quiz an employee who has been retrained due to improper use of the PPE in performing his/her job tasks. You can keep this form in the employee s file with the PPE Certification Form.) 1. What are the limitations of personal protective equipment? 2. List the types of personal protective equipment you must use when doing your work/tasks. 3. What are the hazards in your job for which you must use each type of PPE, and when must you use your personal protective equipment? 4. What are the procedures for the proper use, care, and maintenance of your PPE? 5. What should you look for to determine that your PPE is in good working condition? 6. What do you do when your PPE is no longer usable? 7. (Trainer/Supervisor:) Have the employee demonstrate putting on, wearing and adjusting, and taking off each PPE properly. Also have employee demonstrate how to clean and disinfect each PPE. Has employee demonstrated proper use and care of each PPE? PPE #1: Yes No PPE #2: Yes No PPE #3: Yes No PPE #4: Yes No The employee has answered all the questions adequately and has demonstrated the ability to properly use and care for the PPE needed to do his/her job. Trainer s/supervisor s signature Employee s signature Date Date 32

33 Sample PPE Policies INSTRUCTIONS The following sample policies are OPTIONAL. They are not required by WISHA safety and health rules, but they may be useful in helping you develop, establish, and implement your company s PPE requirements and rules. We encourage employers to copy, expand, and modify the sample as necessary to accomplish this. In addition, the Consultation Section of the Department of Labor and Industries may be called on for assistance at any time. A list of regional service location branches are listed in the resource pages at the end of the guide; contact your local branch for further information or help. You can also call the toll-free number: PLEASE CUSTOMIZE THE FOLLOWING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) POLICIES ACCORDING TO YOUR WORK PLACE. ADD AND/OR DELETE INFORMATION AS NEEDED TO MAKE IT FIT THE SPECIFIC NEEDS OF YOUR WORK PLACE OPERATIONS AND PROCEDURES. REMEMBER: YOUR SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM CAN ONLY BE EFFECTIVE IF IT IS PUT INTO PRACTICE! 33

34 SAMPLE PPE POLICIES Personal Protective Equipment Policies (Customize by adding the name of your business) Introduction...2 Responsibilities...3 Safety Person/Designated Person... 3 Supervisors... 4 Employees... 4 Procedures...5 Hazard Assessment... 5 Selection of PPE... 5 Training... 6 Cleaning and Maintenance... 7 Safety Disciplinary Policy... 8 Sample Policies-1

35 SAMPLE PPE POLICIES Introduction The purpose of the Personal Protective Equipment Policies is to protect the employees of (Name of your business) from exposure to work place hazards and the risk of injury through the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE is not a substitute for more effective control methods and its use will be considered only when other means of protection against hazards are not adequate or feasible. It will be used in conjunction with other controls unless no other means of hazard control exist. Personal protective equipment will be provided, used, and maintained when it has been determined that its use is required to ensure the safety and health of our employees and that such use will lessen the likelihood of occupational injury and/or illness. This section addresses general PPE requirements, including eye and face, head, foot and leg, hand and arm, body (torso) protection, and protection from drowning. Separate programs exist for respiratory protection and hearing protection as the need for participation in these programs is established through industrial hygiene monitoring. (List other programs or policies requiring PPE, such as Hearing Protection, Respiratory Protection, Fall Protection, etc., that you may have at your work place) are also addressed in (State the section or location in your Accident Prevention Program where they are found) The (Name of your business) Personal Protective Equipment Policies includes: Responsibilities of supervisors and employees Hazard assessment and PPE selection Employee training Cleaning and Maintenance of PPE Sample Policies-2

36 SAMPLE PPE POLICIES Responsibilities (Customize this page by modifying or adding any additional responsibilities and deleting those that may not apply to your company.) Safety Person (or designated person responsible for your work place safety and health program.) Note: Depending on your business and the number of employees you have, you may simply have a designated safety person (who may be a supervisor/lead worker) or a larger organized safety and health unit. Customize this section to fit the needs of your p (Safety Person or designated person) is responsible for the development, implementation, and administration of (Name of your business) s PPE policies. This involves 1. Conducting workplace hazard assessments to determine the presence of hazards which necessitate the use of PPE. 2. Selecting and purchasing PPE. 3. Reviewing, updating, and conducting PPE hazard assessments whenever a job changes new equipment is used there has been an accident a supervisor or employee requests it or at least every year 4. Maintaining records on hazard assessments. 5. Maintaining records on PPE assignments and training. 6. Providing training, guidance, and assistance to supervisors and employees on the proper use, care, and cleaning of approved PPE. 7. Periodically re-evaluating the suitability of previously selected PPE. 8. Reviewing, updating, and evaluating the overall effectiveness of PPE use, training, and policies. Sample Policies-3

37 SAMPLE PPE POLICIES Supervisors (leads, etc., and/or designated persons) Supervisors (leads, etc., and/or designated persons) have the primary responsibility for implementing and enforcing PPE use and policies in their work area. This involves 1. Providing appropriate PPE and making it available to employees. 2. Ensuring that employees are trained on the proper use, care, and cleaning of PPE. 3. Ensuring that PPE training certification and evaluation forms are signed and given to (Safety Person or designated person responsible for your work place safety and health program). 4. Ensuring that employees properly use and maintain their PPE, and follow (Name of your business) PPE policies and rules. 5. Notifying (Name of your business) management and the Safety Person when new hazards are introduced or when processes are added or changed. 6. Ensuring that defective or damaged PPE is immediately disposed of and replaced. Employees The PPE user is responsible for following the requirements of the PPE policies. This involves 1. Properly wearing PPE as required. 2. Attending required training sessions. 3. Properly caring for, cleaning, maintaining, and inspecting PPE as required. 4. Following (Name of your business) PPE policies and rules. 5. Informing the supervisor of the need to repair or replace PPE. Employees who repeatedly disregard and do not follow PPE policies and rules will be (Write in the actions management will take concerning this matter.) (Customize this page by modifying or adding any additional responsibilities and deleting those that may not apply to your company.) Sample Policies-4