PCA Index Survey Responses Fourth Quarter 2013 Craig Everett, Ph.D., MBA Director, Pepperdine Private Capital Markets Project

Transcription

1 PCA Index Survey Responses Fourth Quarter 2013 Craig Everett, Ph.D., MBA Director, Pepperdine Private Capital Markets Project 2012 Pepperdine University. All rights reserved. Pepperdine Private Capital Access Index ( PCA Index ) is a trademark of Pepperdine University. PCA Index content is the intellectual property of Pepperdine University or its third party content providers. Any copying, republication or redistribution of PCA Index content, including but not limited to caching, framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Pepperdine University. Pepperdine University shall not be liable for any errors, omissions or delays in PCA Index content, or for any actions taken in reliance thereon. 11

2 This research was made possible with the support of Dun & Bradstreet Credibility Corp., the leading provider of credit building and credibility solutions for businesses. DUN & BRADSTREET CREDIBILITY CORP. Jeffrey Stibel, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Judy Hackett, Chief Marketing Officer Aaron Stibel, Senior Vice President, Technology Liz Gengl, Director, Marketing and Communications Brenda Gary, Vice President, Marketing Operations Lauren Simpson, Marketing and Communications Manager Bernice Brennan, Manager, Creative Services & Marketing Communications Trenice Taylor, Marketing Manager 22

3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I d also like to thank the following people at The Graziadio School of Business and Management for their contributions: Dean Linda Livingstone Associate Dean David M. Smith Mike Sims, Executive Officer, CER John K. Paglia, Associate Professor of Finance Douglass Gore, Director of Public Relations Mark Chun, Director, Center for Applied Research Bill Bleuel, Professor of Decision Sciences Irina Shaykhutdinova, Research Analyst and consultant, Simon James, Ph.D. 33

4 Outline I. About the Private Capital Access (PCA) Index II. Demand for external financing III. Accessibility/success rate of raising new capital IV. Satisfaction rates for various capital sources V. Expected demand for external financing VI. Expected capital access (success) rates...39 VII. Hiring/growth outlooks and financing failure impacts 45 VIII.About the respondents

5 I. About the Private Capital Access (PCA) Index The Pepperdine Private Capital Access Index (PCA) is a quarterly indicator produced by the Graziadio School of Business and Management at Pepperdine University, and with the support of Dun & Bradstreet Credibility Corp. The index is designed to measure the demand for, activity, and health of the private capital markets. The purpose of the PCA Index is to gauge the demand of small and medium-sized businesses for financing needs, the level of accessibility of private capital, and the transparency and efficiency of private financing markets. 55

6 About the Q Private Capital Access (PCA) Index Survey 30 questions Invite to participate distributed to sample from Dun & Bradstreet Credibility Corp. s business database 3,175 completed responses Where relevant, responses are segmented by revenues sizes (<$5 million; $5 million to $100 million) Responses collected from Oct 15 Nov 6 66

7 Private Capital Access (PCA) and Private Capital Demand (PCD) Index Results Whole Sample 77

8 Private Capital Access (PCA) and Private Capital Demand (PCD) Index Results Whole Sample Q Q Q Q Q Q3 PCA Index PCD Index

9 Small Business PCA and PCD Index Results (< $5M in Revenues) 99

10 Small Business PCA and PCD Index Results (< $5M in Revenues) Q Q Q Q Q Q3 PCA Index PCD Index

11 Lower Middle Market PCA and PCD Index Results ($5M $100M in Revenues) 11 11

12 Lower Middle Market PCA and PCD Index Results ($5M $100M in Revenues) Q Q Q Q Q Q3 PCA Index PCD Index

13 Annual Revenue Change Expectations 10% by Revenue Size 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% Q3, 2012 Q4, 2012 Q1, 2013 Q2, 2013 Q3, 2013 Q4, 2013 Whole sample 7.3% 5.8% 6.4% 6.2% 5.4% 7.0% < $5 million 7.1% 5.7% 5.9% 6.3% 5.2% 7.0% $5 -$100 million 7.8% 6.7% 7.1% 5.3% 6.5% 8.1% 13 13

14 II. Demand for external financing 14 14

15 Demand for Financing by Purpose and Size 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% (% with any need reported) Planned growth or expansion, including acquisitions (not yet realized) Working capital fluctuations Growth due to increased demand (already realized) Finance worsening operating conditions Refinance existing loans or equity Withdraw wealth for owners Whole sample 52.3% 51.5% 45.1% 34.7% 29.4% 23.1% < $5 million 52.4% 52.4% 45.4% 36.2% 29.6% 23.0% $5 -$100 million 53.8% 45.6% 44.0% 25.5% 27.1% 23.8% 15 15

16 Strength of Demand for Financing (among those indicating demand) Scale 1-4: slight, moderate, high, extremely high need Planned growth or expansion, including acquisitions (not yet realized) Refinance existing loans or equity Working capital fluctuations Growth due to increased demand (already realized) Finance worsening operating conditions Withdraw wealth for owners Whole sample < $5 million $5 -$100 million

17 Respondents Indicating High and Extremely High Demand for Financing (among those indicating demand) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Planned growth or expansion, including acquisitions (not yet realized) Refinance existing loans or equity Working capital fluctuations Finance worsening operating conditions Growth due to increased demand (already realized) Withdraw wealth for owners Whole sample 43.9% 42.0% 36.9% 36.1% 35.3% 31.7% < $5 million 45.9% 42.6% 38.0% 36.6% 36.7% 32.0% $5 -$100 million 29.6% 35.1% 31.2% 27.3% 23.7% 26.7% 17 17

18 Percentage Indicating Yes to Is the current business financing environment restricting 100% 80% 58% 60% 60% 44% 48% 50% 33% 40% 20% 0% Growth opportunities for your business? Your ability to hire new employees? Whole sample < $5 million $5 -$100 million 18 18

19 Trade Accounts (Accounts Receivable) Payment Period Trends Over the Past Three Months 100% 80% 61.4% 60.6% 63.7% 60% 40% 30.3% 31.1% 27.0% 20% 8.3% 8.3% 9.3% 0% Accelerated (receiving payments from customers faster than three months ago) Slowed (receiving payments from customers slower than three months ago) Stayed the same Whole sample < $5 million $5 million -$100 million 19 19

20 Percentage of Respondents Who Attempted to Raise Outside Financing in the Last Three Months 100% 80% 60% 40% 28% 28% 32% 20% 0% Whole sample < $5 million $5 -$100 million 20 20

21 III. Accessibility/success rate 21 21

22 Is it Difficult or Easy to Raise New External Financing? Equity financing Debt financing 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Difficult Neither Easy difficult nor easy Whole sample 66.5% 15.8% 17.7% < $5 million 68.8% 16.1% 15.1% $5 -$100 million 53.2% 13.2% 33.6% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Difficult Neither Easy difficult nor easy Whole sample 65.2% 15.5% 19.4% < $5 million 68.7% 15.3% 16.0% $5 -$100 million 45.3% 16.6% 38.1% 22 22

23 Financing Success Rates by Type and Business 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Friends and family Grants (SBIR, STTR, etc.) Size for Prior Three Months Crowd funding Presale/ Donate Crowd funding (Equity) Crowd funding (Debt) Trade credit Credit card - pers. Loan - pers. Credit card - biz. Whole sample 72% 31% 29% 14% 6% 63% 65% 53% 63% 57% 42% 17% 25% 40% 18% 15% 23% 12% 5% < $5 million 71% 30% 28% 13% 7% 61% 63% 52% 62% 51% 34% 15% 21% 40% 15% 8% 18% 7% 5% $5 -$100 million 76% 42% 25% 33% 0% 81% 85% 63% 75% 81% 75% 28% 50% 60% 44% 60% 60% 38% 0% Lease Bank loan - biz. CDFI/ Credit union Asset based lender Factor Angel capital Vent. capital Private equity group Mezz. lender Hedge fund 23 23

24 Percentage of Those Who Attempted to Raise Financing by Type of Financing for Prior Three Months 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Friends and family Grants (SBIR, STTR, etc.) Crowd funding Presale/ Donate Crowd funding (Equity) Crowd funding (Debt) Trade credit Credit card - pers. Loan - pers. Credit card - biz. Whole sample 41.2% 30.3% 15.8% 12.6% 12.4% 36.0% 41.8% 42.7% 49.9% 28.5% 57.1% 29.3% 32.7% 19.0% 16.1% 15.6% 15.8% 10.4% 9.4% < $5 million 43.1% 32.3% 17.2% 13.6% 13.6% 36.9% 46.1% 44.7% 53.6% 28.4% 55.1% 31.0% 33.2% 20.1% 17.1% 16.5% 16.5% 10.4% 10.4% $5 -$100 million 34.0% 14.2% 5.7% 7.5% 5.7% 34.0% 20.8% 32.1% 32.1% 28.3% 71.7% 19.8% 31.1% 13.2% 11.3% 11.3% 12.3% 9.4% 3.8% Lease Bank loan - biz. CDFI/ Credit union Asset based lender Factor Angel capital Vent. capital Private equity group Mezz. lender Hedge fund 24 24

25 Main Purpose for Raising or Attempting 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Growth or expansion (incl. acquis.) to Raise Financing Working capital fluctuations Replacing equipment or facilities unrelated to growth or expansion Refinancing existing loans or equity Finance worsening operations conditions Withdraw wealth for owners Whole sample 39.3% 29.5% 11.1% 9.6% 5.0% 0.8% 4.6% < $5 million 38.7% 31.1% 10.4% 9.2% 5.6% 0.3% 4.7% Other $5 -$100 million 43.4% 22.6% 11.3% 14.2% 2.8% 3.8% 1.9% 25 25

26 Reasons for Businesses Not Attempting to Raise External Financing (Multiple Selections) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Enough cash flow Sufficient financing in place Weak economy Business would be rejected Lack of expertise Not enough time Waiting for cheaper financing Loss of control / flexibility Cease operation / liquidate Whole sample 51% 25% 18% 17% 10% 9% 6% 4% 1% 8% < $5 million 49% 23% 18% 19% 11% 9% 6% 4% 2% 8% $5 -$100 million 66% 39% 12% 7% 3% 4% 6% 3% 0% 5% Other 26 26

27 Percentage of Owners Who Transferred Personal Assets to Business Over Prior Three Months 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 80.4% 61% 58.9% 37% 40.0% 19.3% 1% 1.1% Yes No Unsure Whole sample < $5 million $5 -$100 million 0.3% 27 27

28 Types of Personal Assets Transferred to Business 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% During Prior Three Months Personal savings / investments (Multiple Selections) Personal credit card purchases Personal loan Cash from the sale of personal assets Home equity loan Whole sample 74% 43% 18% 22% 9% 5% < $5 million 74% 44% 18% 22% 8% 5% $5 -$100 million 77% 33% 20% 23% 18% 5% Other 28 28

29 IV. Satisfaction rates 29 29

30 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Pricing and Contract Terms Satisfaction Rates Friends and family Grants (SBIR, STTR, etc.) (for those with a successful raise) Crowd funding Presale/ Donate Crowd funding (Equity) Crowd funding (Debt) Trade credit Credit card - pers. Loan - pers. Credit card - biz. Whole sample 89% 92% 81% 80% 33% 87% 48% 69% 66% 79% 85% 79% 71% 50% 79% 70% 71% 33% 50% Lease Bank loan - biz. CDFI/ Credit union Asset based lender Factor Angel capital Vent. capital Private equity group Mezz. lender Hedge fund 30 30

31 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% General Financing Process Satisfaction Rates Friends and family Grants (SBIR, STTR, etc.) Crowd funding Presale/ Donate Crowd funding (Equity) Crowd funding (Debt) Trade credit (by Outcome) Credit card - pers. Loan - pers. Credit card - biz. Successful 74% 79% 84% 70% 0% 80% 58% 54% 69% 77% 75% 70% 60% 51% 60% 58% 67% 29% 33% Unsuccessful 26% 17% 13% 7% 5% 24% 17% 13% 18% 19% 9% 15% 10% 18% 11% 13% 14% 9% 9% Lease Bank loan - biz. CDFI/ Credit union Asset based lender Factor Angel capital Vent. capital Private equity group Mezz. lender Hedge fund 31 31

32 Percentage of Those Satisfied with Time Elapsed 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% from Point of First Contact until Funds Were Friends and family Received (for those successful raises) Grants (SBIR, STTR, etc.) Crowd funding Presale/ Donate Crowd funding (Equity) Crowd funding (Debt) Trade credit Credit card - pers. Loan - pers. Whole sample 76% 63% 84% 80% 50% 80% 71% 60% 77% 79% 69% 67% 72% 55% 64% 64% 75% 33% Credit card - biz. Lease Bank loan - biz. CDFI/ Credit union Asset based lender Factor Angel capital Vent. capital Private equity group Mezz. lender 32 32

33 Percentage of Those Unsuccessful Who Feel the 100% General Category of Financing is a Still a Good 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Friends and family Grants (SBIR, STTR, etc.) Crowd funding Presale/ Donate Crowd funding (Equity) Fit for Their Business Crowd funding (Debt) Trade credit Credit card - pers. Loan - pers. Credit card - biz. Whole sample 29% 63% 46% 45% 30% 58% 36% 47% 57% 51% 66% 62% 58% 44% 52% 49% 41% 41% 41% Lease Bank loan - biz. CDFI/ Credit union Asset based lender Factor Angel capital Vent. capital Private equity group Mezz. lender Hedge fund 33 33

34 V. Expected demand for external financing 34 34

35 Percentage of Businesses Planning to Raise Financing in the Next Six Months 100% 80% 64% 60% 54% 53% 40% 20% 28% 29% 24% 18% 19% 12% 0% Yes No Unsure Whole sample < $5 million $5 million -$100 million 35 35

36 Percentage of Respondents Indicating Demand for New Financing in the Next Six Months 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Planned future growth or expansion Expected working capital fluctuations Growth due to expected increased demand Expected worsening operating conditions Refinance existing loans or equity Withdraw wealth for owners Whole sample 54% 50% 47% 31% 29% 19% < $5 million 54% 51% 48% 32% 29% 20% $5 million -$100 million 51% 40% 40% 22% 23% 16% 36 36

37 Strength of Expected Demand for New External Financing in the Next Six Months (Scale 1-4: Slight, Moderate, High, Extremely High) Refinance existing loans or equity Planned future growth or expansion Expected working capital fluctuations Growth due to expected increased demand Expected worsening operating conditions Withdraw wealth for owners Whole sample < $5 million $5 million -$100 million

38 Respondents Indicating High or Extremely High Expected Demand for New External Financing in 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% the Next Six Months Planned future growth or expansion Refinance existing loans or equity Growth due to expected increased demand Expected working capital fluctuations Withdraw wealth for owners Expected worsening operating conditions Whole sample 43.5% 43.3% 37.7% 36.3% 33.8% 32.6% < $5 million 45.6% 44.3% 39.6% 38.0% 35.5% 33.6% $5 million -$100 million 26.1% 33.9% 22.4% 23.5% 27.0% 25.9% 38 38

39 VI. Expected access rates 39 39

40 Do You Expect It Would Be Easy or Difficult to Raise New Financing in the Next Six Months? Equity financing Debt financing 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Difficult Neither Easy difficult nor easy Whole sample 65.5% 14.3% 20.2% < $5 million 67.8% 13.9% 18.3% $5 -$100 million 50.4% 17.4% 32.2% 100.0% 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Difficult Neither Easy difficult nor easy Whole sample 63.1% 13.9% 22.9% < $5 million 66.5% 13.6% 20.0% $5 -$100 million 42.6% 16.3% 41.1% 40 40

41 Likely Sources of Financing 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Friends and family Grants (SBIR, STTR, etc.) Crowd funding Presale/ Donate Crowd funding (Equity) Crowd funding (Debt) Trade credit Credit card - pers. Loan - pers. Credit card - biz. Whole sample 35% 38% 35% 19% 10% 8% 25% 33% 43% 33% 60% 36% 32% 17% 24% 22% 24% 13% 7% Lease Bank loan - biz. CDFI/ Credit union Asset based lender Factor Angel capital Vent. capital Private equity group Mezz. lender Hedge fund 41 41

42 Main Purpose for Raising Expected Financing 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Growth or expansion (incl. acquisition) Working capital fluctuations Replacing equipment or facilities unrelated to growth or expansion Refinancing existing loans or equity Finance worsening operations conditions Withdraw wealth for owners Whole sample 54.5% 21.2% 7.6% 8.6% 2.5% 1.0% 4.5% < $5 million 54.3% 22.0% 7.0% 8.8% 2.5% 0.9% 4.5% Other $5 -$100 million 56.3% 15.0% 13.8% 8.8% 3.8% 1.3% 1.3% 42 42

43 Level of Confidence for Successful Financing (Scale 0-4: none; some; moderately; very; completely) Friends and family Grants (SBIR, STTR, etc.) Crowd funding Presale/ Donate Crowd funding (Equity) Crowd funding (Debt) Trade credit Credit card - pers. Loan - pers. Credit card - biz. Whole sample < $5 million $5 -$100 million Lease Bank loan - biz. CDFI/ Credit union Asset based lender Factor Angel capital Vent. capital Private equity group Mezz. lender Hedge fund 43 43

44 Reasons for Not Planning on Raising Financing 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Enough cash flow Sufficient financing in place Weak economy Business would be rejected Lack of expertise Not enough time Waiting for cheaper financing Loss of control / flexibility Cease operation / liquidate Whole sample 51% 25% 18% 17% 10% 9% 6% 4% 1% 8% < $5 million 49% 23% 18% 19% 11% 9% 6% 4% 2% 8% $5 -$100 million 66% 39% 12% 7% 3% 4% 6% 3% 0% 5% Other 44 44

45 VII. Hiring / growth outlooks and financing failure impacts 45 45

46 Number of Employees Planned to Be Hired in the Next Six Months 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% More than 200 Whole sample 45% 30% 14% 5% 2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% < $5 million 47% 31% 13% 5% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% $5 million -$100 million 27% 22% 22% 13% 6% 2% 2% 3% 2% 1% 1% 1% 46 46

47 Impacts of Unsuccessful Financing Event in the Next Six Months for Those Planning to Raise 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Capital (Multiple selections) Slower business growth Hire fewer new employees than planned Reduce number of employees (layoffs) Sell business assets or shut down No expected impacts on growth, business size, or hiring plans Whole sample 67% 53% 20% 17% 16% < $5 million 67% 53% 20% 18% 16% $5 million -$100 million 63% 51% 18% 11% 19% 47 47

48 Annual Revenues Change for Last 12 Months: Whole Sample 26% 23% 21% 16% 11% 6% 1% -0.5% 6% 2% 3% 4% 4% 3% 5% 3% 3% 8% 7% 8% 4% 4% 4% 3% 2% 5% -4% Decline Increase 48 48

49 Annual Revenues Change for Last 12 Months : Revenues Under $5M 26% 24% 21% 16% 11% 6% 1% -1.2% 7% 2% 3% 4% 4% 3% 5% 3% 3% 8% 6% 7% 4% 3% 3% 3% 2% 5% -4% Decline Increase 49 49

50 21% Annual Revenues Change for Last 12 Months : Revenues from $5M to $100M 17% 16% 11% 10% 11% 6% 1% 4% 2% 2% 2% 4% 2% 3% 3% 3% 8% 7% 6% 7% 3% 1% 6% 4.2% -4% Decline Increase 50 50

51 26% Annual Revenue Change Expectations (Next 12 Months): Whole Sample 23% 21% 16% 14% 11% 6% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 2% 3% 1% 3% 9% 10% 7% 6% 4% 2% 2% 7% 7.0% -4% Decline Increase 51 51

52 26% Annual Revenue Change Expectations (Next 12 Months): Revenues Under $5M 24% 21% 16% 14% 11% 6% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% 1% 2% 9% 10% 7% 6% 4% 2% 2% 8% 7.0% -4% Decline Increase 52 52

53 Annual Revenue Change Expectations (Next 12 Months): Revenues $5M to $100M 21% 17% 16% 14% 11% 12% 11% 8% 8% 8.1% 6% 1% 1% 1% 3% 2% 1% 2% 2% 4% 3% 4% 2% 5% -4% Decline Increase 53 53

54 VIII. About the Respondents 54 54

55 Details About the Respondents Geographic Location 55 55

56 Details About the Respondents Percentage of Respondents Who Feel Their State Supports Business Policies That Benefit Their Business 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Yes 51% 49% No 56 56

57 Details About the Respondents Percentage of Respondents Who Feel Their State Should Be More Involved in Making Capital More Accessible to Businesses 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Yes 68% No 32% 57 57

58 Details About the Respondents Percentage of Respondents Who Feel That They Have Access to Information about Available Capital Programs That Their Business Could Be Participating in Their State Today 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Yes 44% No 56% 58 58

59 Details About the Respondents Industry 3% 3% 4% 3% 3% 1% 4% 5% 7% 7% 9% 9% 32% 10% Services Construction Retail trade Finance & real estate Manufacturing Information technology or services Health care Wholesale trade Unclassified establishments Educational services Arts, entertainment or recreation Transportation and warehousing Forestry, fishing, hunting or agriculture Utilities & mining 59 59

60 Details About the Respondents Annual Revenues 19% 2% 1% 3% 5% 4% 27% $1 - $100,000 $100,001 - $500,000 $500,001 - $1,000,000 $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 12% 27% $5,000,001 - $10,000,000 $10,000,001 - $25,000,000 $25,000,001 - $50,000,000 $50,000,001 - $100,000,000 $100,000,001 - $500,000,

61 Details About the Respondents Annual Income 5% 6% 1% 7% Negative (net loss) $0 - $100,000 28% 53% $100,001 - $500,000 $500,001 - $1,000,000 $1,000,001 - $5,000,000 More than $5,000,

62 Details About the Respondents Firm age Less than 1 year 37% 6% 6% 6% 8% At least 1 but less than 2 At least 2 but less than 3 22% 15% At least 3 but less than 5 At least 5 but less than 10 At least 10 but less than or more 62 62

63 Details About the Respondents Number of Employees 3% 4% 4% 7% 2% 2% % 37% % 23% More than

64 About Pepperdine Private Capital Markets Project The Pepperdine Private Capital Markets Project at the Graziadio School of Business and Management is the first simultaneous, comprehensive, and on-going investigation of the major private capital market segments. The research seeks to understand the true cost of private capital across market types and the investment expectations of privately-held business owners; providing lenders, investors and the businesses that depend on them with critical data to make optimal investment and financing decisions, and better determine where the opportunities to create lasting economic value may be realized. Download reports and find more information at About Pepperdine University s Graziadio School of Business and Management Founded on the core values of integrity, stewardship, courage, and compassion, Pepperdine University s Graziadio (GRAT-ZEE-ah-DEE-oh) School of Business and Management has been developing values-centered leaders and advancing responsible business practice since Student-focused, experience-driven, and globally-oriented, the Graziadio School offers fully accredited top-ranked MBA, Masters of Science, and bachelor s completion business programs. More information found at

65 THANK YOU! Craig Everett, Ph.D., MBA Director, Pepperdine Private Capital Markets Project