Vocabulary Activities

Transcription

1 ctivities

2 o the eacher ctivities use a variety of exercises to give students practice in using the terms introduced in each section of the textbook. he exercises can be used as pre-teaching or focus tools, for review and reinforcement, or as vocabulary quizzes to assess student comprehension of the terms used in the book. ustomize our esources o matter how you organize your teaching resources, Glencoe has what you need. he eacher s lassroom esources for nderstanding sychology provides you with a wide variety of supplemental materials to enhance the classroom experience. he booklets are designed to open flat so that pages can be easily photocopied without removing them from their booklet. However, if you choose to create separate files, the pages are perforated for easy removal. he individual booklets supplied in eacher s lassroom esources give you the flexibility to organize these resources in a combination that best suits your teaching style. elow are several alternatives. rganize all resources by category (all tests, all enrichment and extension activities, all cooperative learning activities, etc., filed separately) rganize all resources by category and chapter (all hapter 1 activities, all hapter 1 tests, etc.) rganize resources sequentially by lesson (activities, quizzes, readings, etc., for hapter 1, hapter 2, and so on) Glencoe/cGraw-Hill opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. ll rights reserved. ermission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families, without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with nderstanding sychology. ny other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without written permission from the publisher. end all inquiries to: Glencoe/cGraw-Hill 8787 rion lace olumbus, hio rinted in the nited tates of merica

3 ontents ctivity 1-1: Why tudy sychology? ctivity 1-2: rief History of sychology... 2 ctivity 1-3: sychology as a rofession... 3 ctivity 2-1: What s esearch?... 4 ctivity 2-2: roblems and olutions in esearch... 5 ctivity 2-3: tatistical valuation ctivity 3-1: hysical, erceptual, and anguage evelopment ctivity 3-2: ognitive and motional evelopment... 8 ctivity 3-3: arenting tyles and ocial evelopment... 9 ctivity 4-1: hysical and exual evelopment ctivity 4-2: ersonal evelopment ctivity 4-3: ocial evelopment ctivity 4-4: Gender oles and ifferences ctivity 5-1: dulthood ctivity 5-2: ld ge ctivity 5-3: ying and eath ctivity 6-1: he ervous ystem: he asic tructure ctivity 6-2: tudying the rain ctivity 6-3: he ndocrine ystem ctivity 6-4: Heredity and nvironment ctivity 7-1: leep and reams ctivity 7-2: Hypnosis, iofeedback, and editation ctivity 7-3: rugs and onsciousness ctivity 8-1: ensation ctivity 8-2: he enses ctivity 8-3: erception ctivity 9-1: lassical onditioning ctivity 9-2: perant onditioning ctivity 9-3: ocial earning ctivity 10-1: aking in and toring nformation ctivity 10-2: etrieving nformation ctivity 11-1: hinking and roblem olving ctivity 11-2: anguage ctivity 12-1: heories of otivation ctivity 12-2: iological and ocial otives ctivity 12-3: motions ctivities iii

4 ctivity 13-1: haracteristics of sychological ests ctivity 13-2: ntelligence esting ctivity 13-3: easuring chievement, bilities, and nterests ctivity 13-4: ersonality esting ctivity 14-1: urposes of ersonality heories ctivity 14-2: sychoanalytic heories ctivity 14-3: earning heories ctivity 14-4: Humanistic and ognitive heories ctivity 14-5: rait heories ctivity 15-1: ources of tress ctivity 15-2: eactions to tress ctivity 15-3: oping With tress ctivity 15-4: tress in our ife ctivity 16-1: What re sychological isorders? ctivity 16-2: nxiety isorders ctivity 16-3: omatoform and issociative isorders ctivity 16-4: chizophrenia and ood isorders ctivity 16-5: ersonality isorders and rug ddiction ctivity 17-1: What s sychotherapy? ctivity 17-2: sychoanalysis and Humanistic herapy ctivity 17-3: ognitive and ehavior herapies ctivity 17-4: iological pproaches to reatment ctivity 18-1: nterpersonal ttraction ctivity 18-2: ocial erception ctivity 18-3: ersonal elationships ctivity 19-1: Group ehavior ctivity 19-2: onformity and bedience ctivity 19-3: onflict and ooperation ctivity 20-1: ttitude Formation ctivity 20-2: ttitude hange and rejudice ctivity 20-3: ersuasion ctivity 21-1: areers in sychology ctivity 21-2: sychology s ontributions nswer ey iv ctivities

5 ame ate lass ctivity 1-1 Why tudy sychology? irections: hoose the term from the list below that best completes each sentence. Write the correct term in the space provided. applied science basic science cognitive hypothesis physiological psychology scientific method theory 1. Hunger is a(n) need. 2. xperimental psychologists who conduct scientific studies practice. 3. he scientific study of behavior and mental processes is called. 4. n assumption or prediction about behavior that may be validated by scientific study is a(n) 5. nger is a(n) behavior.. 6. (n) is a complex explanation based on findings from many scientific studies. 7. tudies that gather information in ways that try to avoid errors and biases use the. 8. ounseling psychologists who help people with everyday problems view psychology as a(n). opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. irections: n the space provided, explain the difference in meaning between each word pair. 9. physiological needs and cognitive needs 10. hypothesis and theory ctivities 1

6 2 ctivities opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 1. (n) studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior. 2. hrough, participants self-report their thoughts and feelings. 3. (n) encourages people to reach their full potential. 4. (n) believed that we can understand perceptions by breaking them down into smaller elements. 5. psychologist who focuses on how humans process, store, and use information is a(n). 6. (n) studied how our minds help us adapt to our environment. 7. he influence of physical and chemical changes on behavior is studied by a(n). 8. (n) analyzes how organisms modify their behavior based on responses to events in their environment. irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 9. What is dualism? 10. Why did ené escartes disagree with the concept of dualism? ame ate lass ctivity 1-2 rief History of sychology irections: se the clues below to find the hidden words. F X Q G Z J Q J F X H Z Q Q Z H G Z X G H F X X H Z G G H X Z Z W J G W Q Z Q Q F X Z Z G H

7 ame ate lass ctivity 1-3 sychology as a rofession opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. irections: ircle the letter of the response that best fits the description. 1. psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with emotional problems is a(n) psychologist.. clinical. community. counseling. educational 2. psychologist who studies topics related to teaching is called a(n) psychologist.. clinical. community. experimental. educational 3. psychologist who works in government or private mental health or social welfare agencies is a(n) psychologist.. clinical. counseling. community. industrial/organizational 4. psychologist who focuses on people and work is a(n) psychologist.. community. industrial/organizational. developmental. educational 5. psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, and other changes that occur as the individual matures is a(n) psychologist.. clinical. developmental. educational. experimental 6. psychologist who studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and emotion in a controlled laboratory environment is a(n) psychologist.. developmental. experimental. educational. industrial/organizational 7. psychologist who helps people deal with the problems of everyday living is a(n) psychologist.. counseling. developmental. educational. experimental 8. psychologists have been trained to observe, analyze, evaluate, and treat behavior.. ommunity. ounseling. linical. ll irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 9. xplain the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist. 10. tudy the chart in the textbook showing the divisions of the (Figure 1.12). nder which divisions might the work of an educational psychologist fall? What about an industrial/organizational psychologist? ctivities 3

8 ame ate lass ctivity 2-1 What s esearch? irections: omplete the crossword puzzle by spelling out the term defined by each clue n educated guess 4. small group used by researchers to conduct a study of a given population 7. study conducted over a number of years 10. he type of observation conducted under normal conditions 12. he type of variable that changes in relation to the other variable W 2. he study group that is exposed to the independent variable 3. description of how two sets of data relate to each other 5. n intensive investigation of one or more participants 6. he type of variable that is deliberately manipulated 8. he conditions and behaviors in a study that are subject to change 9. fixed set of questions asked of many individuals 11. he study group to which the independent variable is not applied irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 13. What is the difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study? 4 ctivities

9 ame ate lass ctivity 2-2 roblems and olutions in esearch opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. irections: ircle the letter of the response that best fits the description. 1. researcher s behavior influences the participant s behavior in a.. double-blind experiment. self-fulfilling prophecy. placebo effect. single-blind experiment 2. When a participant s illness changes solely from the participant s belief that the treatment will be effective, the participant is exhibiting a.. double-blind experiment. self-fulfilling prophecy. placebo effect. single-blind experiment 3. tanley ilgram s experiment on the effects of punishment on learning is an example of a.. double-blind experiment. self-fulfilling prophecy. placebo effect. single-blind experiment 4. esearchers and participants do not know if the participants are receiving a placebo in a.. double-blind experiment. self-fulfilling prophecy. placebo effect. single-blind experiment 5. common control used in testing new drugs is a.. double-blind experiment. self-fulfilling prophecy. placebo effect. single-blind experiment 6. taste test in which the participant cannot view the brands being tested (but the researcher can) is an example of a.. double-blind experiment. self-fulfilling prophecy. placebo effect. single-blind experiment 7. When conducting an experiment, researchers avoid changing facial expressions in front of a participant to avoid a.. double-blind experiment. self-fulfilling prophecy. placebo effect. single-blind experiment irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 8. ince a placebo has no actual medical or physiological benefits, why does it sometimes seem to affect study participants? ctivities 5

10 ame ate lass ctivity 2-3 tatistical valuation irections: hoose the term from the list below that best completes each sentence. Write the correct term in the space provided. central tendency correlation coefficient descriptive statistics frequency distribution normal curve statistics standard deviation variance inferential statistics 1. is the branch of mathematics concerned with summarizing and reaching conclusions from sets of data. 2. he mean, the median, and the mode are measures of. 3. (n) is a statistic that describes the direction and strength of the relationship between two sets of variables. 4. list or summarize data in practical, efficient ways. 5. he measures the average distance of every score from the mean of scores. 6. measure of difference, or spread, is the. 7. are numerical methods used to determine whether research data support or refute the hypothesis. 8. n arrangement of data that indicates how often a particular score occurs is known as a(n). 9. (n) is a graph of a frequency distribution that is symmetrical. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 10. How are a normal curve and a frequency distribution related? opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 6 ctivities

11 ame ate lass ctivity 3-1 hysical, erceptual, and anguage evelopment irections: se the clues to fill in the blanks to complete the words. 1. the type of speech used by young children in which words are left out but the meaning can still be understood 2. the branch of psychology that studies changes that occur as humans mature 3. an infant s reflex that results from someone or something touching the palm of his or her hand 4. the growth of a human from infancy to adulthood that is naturally programmed to occur 5. an infant s reflex that causes his or her head to turn toward the source of touching that occurs near his or her mouth opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 6. Write a paragraph that uses at least three of the terms above and which describes the events that occur during a child s first few years of life. ctivities 7

12 8 ctivities opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. ame ate lass ctivity 3-2 ognitive and motional evelopment irections: se the clues below to find the hidden words. 1. (n) is a conceptual framework used to make sense of the world. 2. hrough, objects and experiences are fit into one s schemas. 3. n, newly observed events and experiences alter one s schemas. 4. he principle states that a given quantity does not change when its appearance or shape changes. 5. young child is said to be because he or she cannot understand another person s perspective. 6. occurs when newborn animals respond with inherited tendencies to new stimuli. 7. ew skills and abilities are most easily learned during the. irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 8. What is the difference between object permanence and representational thought? 9. Which develops first object permanence or representational thought? Why? X X Z W F G X F Z Q X W X G X Q J G Q Z H W F J F G J Q W H Q

13 ame ate lass ctivity 3-3 arenting tyles and ocial evelopment irections: hoose the term from the list below that best completes each sentence. Write the correct term in the space provided. anal stage authoritarian democratic/authoritative socialization genital stage latency stage role taking oral stage permissive/laissez-faire phallic stage 1. dolescents are encouraged to participate in decision making in families. 2. ccording to igmund Freud, infants associate erotic pleasure with the mouth during the. 3. When children try on adult roles during play, they are engaged in. 4. Freud s theory asserts that during the an individual s sexual satisfaction depends on giving pleasure, as well as on receiving it. 5. n the family, parents control, shape, and evaluate the behavior of children and adolescents using a set code of conduct. 6. ccording to Freud, children associate erotic pleasure with the elimination process during the. 7. he process of learning the rules of behavior for a culture is called. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 8. hildren and adolescents have the final say in a family. 9. uring the, Freud believed that children associate erotic pleasure with their genitals. 10. Freud claimed that at about age five or six a child pushes aside sexual desires in order to explore the world and learn new skills in the. irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 11. How does identification help with socialization? 12. Why does sublimation help with role taking? ctivities 9

14 ame ate lass ctivity 4-1 hysical and exual evelopment irections: hoose the term that best completes each statement or answers each question. Write the letter of the correct term in the blank to the left of each sentence. 1. Graduation from high school, bar mitzvahs, and confirmations are examples of. puberty.. initiation rites.. asynchrony.. cliques. 2. he period during which males achieve their first ejaculation is called. spermarche.. menarche.. puberty.. gender stereotype. 3. Hormones trigger a series of internal and external changes during. spermarche.. menarche.. puberty.. asynchrony. 4. he time at which females have their first menstrual period is called. spermarche.. menarche.. puberty.. asynchrony. 5. he condition during adolescence in which the growth of bodily parts is uneven is called. puberty.. initiation rites.. conformity.. asynchrony. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 6. How does puberty differ for males and females? opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 10 ctivities

15 ame ate lass ctivity 4-2 ersonal evelopment irections: hoose the term that best completes each sentence. Write the correct term in the space provided. ach term will be used twice. identity crisis rationalization social learning theory 1. person uses to explain an unpleasant emotion or behavior in a way that preserves his or her self-esteem. 2. he emphasizes the role of interaction in human development. 3. (n) is a time of inner conflict during which adolescents examine who they are. 4. he concept of was first proposed by rik rikson. 5. lbert andura s approach to adolescence is called the. 6. dolescents are only capable of once they have reached the formal operations stage of development. irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 7. ompare and contrast the identity crisis explanation of adolescence with the social learning theory on adolescence. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 8. ist three rationalizations that you have made recently. ctivities 11

16 ame ate lass ctivity 4-3 ocial evelopment irections: atch each description in olumn with the correct term in olumn. Write the letter of the correct term in the blank to the left of each sentence. ote that each term in olumn is used twice. olumn 1. t fulfills the need for closeness. 2. ymptoms include binge eating and purging. 3. eer groups are held together by. 4. ymptoms include a refusal to eat. olumn. anorexia nervosa. bulimia nervosa. clique. conformity 5. eople suffering from have a distorted body image. 6. iscomfort with dressing differently than the group you belong to often is an example of the pressures caused by. 7. t provides a way for adolescents to define themselves. 8. For females, it may represent a refusal to grow up. irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 9. How do cliques help an adolescent establish an identity? 10. What are the potential drawbacks of belonging to a clique? opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 12 ctivities

17 ame ate lass ctivity 4-4 Gender oles and ifferences irections: nscramble the following vocabulary terms and enter the terms on the lines provided. hen match each numbered term to the correct lettered definition by placing the number of the term on the line to the right of the definitions. 1. G 2. G H 3. G 4. G 5. G. the combination or confusion of traditional male and female characteristics. the set of behaviors that is considered socially acceptable for each gender. an oversimplified or distorted generalization about the characteristics of men and women. a set of behaviors organized around how either a male or female should think and behave. the biological sex group to which an individual belongs irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 6. istinguish between gender identity and gender role. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 7. What developments have made clearly defined gender-role divisions unnecessary, especially in the modern labor force? 8. What are the advantages to androgyny according to andra em s study? ctivities 13

18 ame ate lass ctivity 5-1 dulthood irections: hoose the term that best completes each sentence. Write the correct term in the space provided. ach term is used at least twice. menopause generativity stagnation 1. rik rikson labeled a man s desire to become a mentor for a younger man. 2. he biological event known as is when a woman s production of sex hormones drops sharply. 3. parent who provides moral and emotional guidance to his or her children is displaying. 4. person in his or her 40s who is overly concerned about health issues may be experiencing. 5. fter a woman can no longer conceive children. 6. discontinuation of development signals. 7. is part of the biological change that occurs during climacteric. 8. itterness about life is most likely to be seen in someone who is experiencing. irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 9. What is the climacteric stage of life? What changes occur during the climacteric? 10. What is the age-thirty crisis? What changes may occur during this crisis? opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 14 ctivities

19 ame ate lass ctivity 5-2 ld ge opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. irections: hoose the term that best completes each statement or answers each question. Write the letter of the correct term in the blank to the left of each sentence. 1. rejudice aimed at the elderly is. racism.. sexism.. ageism.. decremental model of aging. 2. condition characterized by memory loss, forgetfulness, disorientation of time and place, a decline in the ability to think, impaired attention, altered personality, and difficulties relating to others is known as. the decremental model of aging.. senile dementia.. lzheimer s disease.. ageism. 3. theory that assumes that mental and physical decline is an inevitable part of aging is known as. the decremental model of aging.. senile dementia.. lzheimer s disease.. ageism. 4. he fourth leading cause of death among.. adults is problems associated with. the decremental model of aging.. senile dementia.. lzheimer s disease.. ageism. 5. he assumption that all old people suffer from poor health and live in poverty is an example of. the decremental model of aging.. senile dementia.. racism.. ageism. 6. n incurable condition that destroys a person s ability to think, remember, relate to others, and care for oneself is. the decremental model of aging.. senile dementia.. lzheimer s disease.. ageism. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 7. What are the differences between senile dementia and lzheimer s disease? ctivities 15

20 ame ate lass ctivity 5-3 ying and eath irections: Fill in each blank below with the word or words that best fit the sentence. lisabeth übler-oss contributed to establishing 1, the study of dying and death. he identified five stages of psychological adjustment made by the terminally ill. pon learning of a terminal condition, most people experience 2 the reality of their situation sinks in, 3. s their condition is confirmed and is commonly expressed. uring this second stage, many terminally ill people alienate themselves from the people in their lives. he third stage of psychological adjustment to dying, 4, is characterized by negotiating with fate for more time or a change in the diagnosis. When dying people become aware of their losses, they usually experience a period of 5. uring this stage their friends and family should allow the dying person to express sadness and regret. t the final stage, the dying person 6 death and acknowledges that the struggle is over. movement that began in the 1970s to restore dignity to the dying has resulted in the increase in 7 facilities designed specifically for the comfort and needs of the dying person and his or her family. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 8. How do hospice facilities seek to improve the quality of life for a person who is dying? opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 16 ctivities

21 ame ate lass ctivity 6-1 he ervous ystem: he asic tructure irections: ead each statement below and then write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. he brain and the spinal cord comprise the. central nervous system.. neurotransmitters.. peripheral nervous system.. autonomic nervous system. 2. essages move to and from the brain along thin cells called. neurotransmitters.. neurons.. synapses.. axons. 3. he space between neurons is the. neurotransmitter.. dendrite.. axon.. synapse. 4. he nerves that branch out from the spinal cord are the. central nervous system.. neurons.. peripheral nervous system.. myelin sheath. 5. oluntary movements are controlled by the. autonomic nervous system.. somatic nervous system.. peripheral nervous system.. brain. 6. he can excite a neuron or stop it from transmitting.. neuron. central nervous system. synapse. neurotransmitter 7. ne s heartbeat is controlled by the. autonomic nervous system.. somatic nervous system.. peripheral nervous system.. neurotransmitters. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 8. escribe the three types of neurons. ctivities 17

22 ame ate lass ctivity 6-2 tudying the rain irections: omplete each sentence by writing the term that best completes the sentence. computerized axial tomography () electroencephalograph (G) forebrain hindbrain lobes magnetic resonance imaging () midbrain positron emission tomography () 1. he is involved in the most basic processes of life. 2. is an imaging technique used to identify brain injuries and deterioration. 3. he covers the brain s central core. 4. enables researchers to study brain activity and brain structure. 5. he can be used to record the electrical activity of the brain. 6. he cerebral cortex is divided into different regions known as. 7. he integrates sensory information and relays it upward. 8. he can capture a picture of the brain as different parts are being used. irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 9. escribe the functions of three parts of the forebrain. 10. How do psychologists study the brain? opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 18 ctivities

23 ame ate lass ctivity 6-3 he ndocrine ystem irections: Fill in each blank below with the word or words that best fit the sentence. he 1 system sends chemical messages to and from the brain. he glands that are part of this system include: he master gland that controls the chemical messages of other glands is the 6. his gland is located 7. he brain structure that controls this gland is the 8. his brain structure monitors 9 levels and relays messages to correct imbalances. eurotransmitters and hormones control the actions of the nervous system. Hormones travel through the 10. ome chemicals such as 11 function as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 12. What are the differences in communication with the brain between the nervous system and the endocrine system? ctivities 19

24 ame ate lass ctivity 6-4 Heredity and nvironment irections: se the clues to fill in the blanks to complete the words. 1. the basic building blocks of heredity 2. two children that result from the same pregnancy and who come from two different eggs fertilized by two different sperm 3. the genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to their offspring 4. two children that result from the same pregnancy and who come from one egg irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 5. Write a paragraph that uses all four terms above and describes the nature-nurture argument. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 20 ctivities

25 ame ate lass ctivity 7-1 leep and reams irections: se the following clues to complete the puzzle below, then answer the question in the space provided opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 1. a sleep disorder in which someone falls asleep suddenly during the day 3. frightening dreams 4. sleep disruptions during tage sleep involving screaming, panic, or confusion 6. the stage of sleep during which dreaming occurs 7. walking or carrying out behaviors while asleep 8. the rhythm set by a biological clock that regulates physiological processes 9. a prolonged inability to get enough sleep W 2. a state of awareness 5. a sleep disorder that causes frequent interruption in breathing irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 10. Why do we dream? ctivities 21

26 ame ate lass ctivity 7-2 Hypnosis, iofeedback, and editation irections: ead each statement below and then write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. n altered state of consciousness characterized by heightened suggestibility is. biofeedback.. hypnosis.. meditation.. posthypnotic suggestion. 2. person learns to control his or her physiological processes by using. biofeedback.. hypnosis.. meditation.. posthypnotic suggestion. 3. deas given during hypnosis to suppress memory are a form of. biofeedback.. hypnosis.. meditation.. posthypnotic suggestion. 4. heodore arber believed was not a special state of consciousness.. biofeedback. hypnosis. meditation. posthypnotic suggestion 5. Focused attention that clears one s mind and results in relaxation is known as. biofeedback.. hypnosis.. meditation.. posthypnotic suggestion. 6. indfulness focuses on the present moment.. biofeedback. hypnosis. meditation. posthypnotic suggestion 7. involves using machines to inform a person of subtle changes in his or her body.. iofeedback. Hypnosis. editation. osthypnotic suggestion 8. herapists use to help clients reveal their problems and gain insights into their lives.. biofeedback. hypnosis. meditation. posthypnotic suggestion 9. When a person starts sneezing whenever she starts to light a cigarette, may have been employed to help her change unwanted behaviors such as smoking or overeating.. biofeedback. hypnosis. meditation. posthypnotic suggestion 10. sing, a person can learn to relax a single muscle.. biofeedback. hypnosis. meditation. posthypnotic suggestion irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 11. What are common uses of hypnosis? opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 22 ctivities

27 ame ate lass ctivity 7-3 rugs and onsciousness irections: omplete each sentence using the terms below. hallucinations marijuana hallucinogens psychoactive drugs 1. is the dried leaves and flowers of the ndian hemp plant. 2. are perceptions that have no direct external cause. 3. interact with the central nervous system to alter a person s mood, perception, and behavior. 4. he best known and most potent hallucinogen is. 5. sychedelic drugs are also known as. irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 6. What are the common effects of? opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 7. ist five categories of psychoactive drugs and an example of each. ctivities 23

28 ame ate lass ctivity 8-1 ensation irections: omplete each sentence by writing the term that best completes the sentence. absolute threshold difference threshold perception sensation signal-detection theory Weber s law psychophysics 1. he organization of information received through our senses is known as. 2. he for vision is the ability to see a candle flame 30 miles away on a clear night. 3. esearchers study to understand the relationship between sensory experiences and the stimuli that cause these experiences. 4. f a person is carrying a 40-pound backpack, states that he or she will be less likely to notice a one-pound weight being added to the pack than a person who has the weight added to a five-pound pack. 5. When you come into a warm room after being outside in a cold wind, your skin experiences a(n) as the warm air touches the skin. 6. he describes the smallest change in a physical stimulus such as light or sound that can be detected. 7. he explains how you can hear your name spoken from across a crowded, noisy room. irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 8. xplain how Weber s law works using the sense of hearing. 9. xplain the difference between the absolute threshold and the difference threshold. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 24 ctivities

29 ame ate lass ctivity 8-2 he enses irections: se the following clues to complete the puzzle below, then answer the questions in the space provided opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. W 1. the system in the inner ear that controls balance 2. the nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain 3. the nerve that sends signals from the inner ear to the brain 4. the nerve that carries signals from the nose to the brain 5. the opening in the iris that controls the amount of light entering the eye 6. the sense of movement and body position 7. the combination of two images into one 8. the back of the eye that contains the light sensitive receptor cells 9. transparent structure in the eye that changes shape to focus light on the retina irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 10. What is retinal disparity? Why is it important to your sense of sight? ctivities 25

30 ame ate lass ctivity 8-3 erception irections: ead each statement below and then write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. brief auditory or visual signal that occurs below the absolute threshold for that sense is known as a(n). motion parallax.. illusion.. subliminal message.. extrasensory perception. 2. he perception principle that assumes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts is. constancy.. Gestalt.. motion parallax.. illusion. 3. erceiving information about the world through means other than the senses is known as. extrasensory perception.. constancy.. illusion.. Gestalt. 4. erceiving objects in the same way regardless of their distance, angle, or lighting is known as. extrasensory perception.. constancy.. illusion.. motion parallax. 5. When you move your head from side to side or walk around, the apparent movement of stationary objects relative to one another is the. constancy cue.. subliminal cue.. Gestalt cue.. motion parallax cue. 6. isrepresentations of physical stimuli are known as. subliminal messages.. illusions.. Gestalt messages.. motion parallax. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 7. What Gestalt principles are commonly used to explain how perceptions are organized? how an example of one of the principles. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 26 ctivities

31 ame ate lass ctivity 9-1 lassical onditioning irections: hoose the term from the list below that best completes each sentence. Write the correct term in the space provided. classical conditioning conditioned response discrimination extinction generalization neutral stimulus unconditioned response unconditioned stimulus 1. (n) leads to a predictable response without previous training. 2. (n) before training has nothing to do with the response. 3. (n) is a neutral event that leads to a specific response after training. 4. is a type of learning in which an old response attaches to a new stimulus. 5. (n) occurs naturally and predictably without training. 6. is the loss of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is removed. 7. is the ability to respond differently to different stimuli. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 8. ou are using when you respond to a second stimulus that is similar to a conditioned stimulus without additional training. irections: xplain the difference in meaning between each word pair. 9. unconditioned response () and conditioned response () 10. generalization and discrimination ctivities 27

32 ame ate lass ctivity 9-2 perant onditioning irections: omplete the crossword puzzle by spelling out the term defined by each clue (n) reinforcer satisfies a biological need. 5. uses reinforcement to create new responses out of old responses. 6. (n) schedule provides reinforcement after a random number of responses. 7. reinforcement results when the removal of unpleasant consequences increases the frequency of behavior. 8. is a stimulus or event that affects the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated. 10. is a type of learning that results from unpleasant consequences. 11. (n) schedule provides reinforcement based on a random amount of time. 12. (n) schedule provides reinforcement based on a specific amount of time. W 2. esponses that occur in sequence are part of a(n). 3. n conditioning, the person s behavior prevents an unpleasant experience from happening. 4. n conditioning, the person s behavior causes the unpleasant event to stop. 9. conditioning is learning from the consequences of behavior. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 13. xplain the difference between variable schedules and fixed schedules. 28 ctivities

33 ame ate lass ctivity 9-3 ocial earning irections: nscramble the following vocabulary terms and enter the terms on the lines provided. hen match each numbered term to the correct lettered definition by placing the number of the term on the line to the right of the definitions. 1. G 2. G 3. G H. learning that involves how people make decisions and act upon the available information. a mental picture of a place. learning principles applied systematically to change people s actions and feelings. focuses on how information is obtained, processed, and organized. learning that results from observation and imitation 6. G G F. a system that provides tangible rewards for desired behaviors opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 7. G 8. H F irections: xplain the following elements of learned helplessness. G. learning that occurs in the absence of a reinforcer H. results in a lowered sense of self-esteem and a lack of effort 9. tability 10. Globality 11. nternality ctivities 29

34 ame ate lass ctivity 10-1 aking in and toring nformation irections: atch each description in olumn with the correct term in olumn. Write the correct letters in the blanks to the left of the numbers. olumn 1. the briefest of memories that occurs immediately following the reception of a stimulus 2. the memory process of transforming information so that the nervous system can process it 3. knowledge of language and grammar 4. the memory process by which information is maintained over a period of time 5. the conscious recall of information when you need to use it 6. the process of grouping items together so that they are easier to remember 7. the storage and retrieval of information that has been learned or experienced 8. the type of memory that is limited to about seven items 9. learned skills that you do not have to consciously recall in order to use 10. memory of events of your life including when the events occurred 11. the memory process that involves obtaining information that has been previously stored 12. repeating information to yourself so that it will remain in your memory longer irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 13. What are the three processes of memory? 14. What are the three stages of memory? olumn. chunking. declarative memory. encoding. episodic memory. maintenance rehearsal F. memory G. procedural memory H. retrieval. semantic memory J. sensory memory. short-term memory. storage opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 30 ctivities

35 ame ate lass ctivity 10-2 etrieving nformation irections: omplete each sentence using the terms below. confabulation mnemonic devices decay recall eidetic memory recognition elaborative rehearsal reconstructive processes interference schemas 1. he active reconstruction of information already learned is known as. 2. he memory process allows us to identify objects, ideas, or situations that have not been encountered before. 3. emories fade over time as a result of. 4. ll people use as a framework to make sense of their world. 5. ur recall may be influenced by. 6. bout 5 percent of children have, a form of photographic memory. 7. ne mistake that people make when they remember things is, which is recalling information that has not been stored in memory. 8. elating new information to information that is already known is known as. 9. he blocking of memories by previous or subsequent events is known as. 10. (n) is a memorization technique that uses associations. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 11. What is the difference between reconstructive processes and confabulation? Give an example of each. ctivities 31

36 32 ctivities opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 1. he process of changing and reorganizing information stored in memory to create new information is known as. 2. (n) is a visual, mental representation of an event or object. 3. (n) is an abstract unit of thought that represents an object or a quality. 4. he relationship between concepts may be stated as a. 5. n example of a concept that has most of the features of that concept is known as a(n). 6. label used for a class of objects that share at least one common attribute is a(n). 7. eing aware of one s own mental processes is known as. 8. (n) is an apparent sudden realization of the solution to a problem. 9. (n) is a step-by-step process for solving a problem. 10. test of mental involves thinking of as many uses for a product as possible. 11. rule-of-thumb problem-solving strategy is a(n). 12. eople develop a(n), which is using the same strategy or pattern to solve problems. 13. he ability to use information and abilities in unique ways is. 14. earranging elements of a problem to find a solution is the process of. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 15. How does functional fixedness interfere with problem solving? ame ate lass ctivity 11-1 hinking and roblem olving irections: se the clues below to find the hidden words. X Q G W Q Z F W W W X X Q H Q G H Z Z J G J H X F H G J G H H W Q W H G F J G

37 ame ate lass ctivity 11-2 anguage irections: nscramble the following vocabulary terms and enter the terms on the lines provided. hen match each numbered term to the correct lettered definition by placing the number of the term on the line to the right of the definitions. 1. H 2. X 3. GG H. the expression of ideas through symbols and sounds that are arranged according to rules. the smallest unit of meaning in a given language. language rules that govern how words can be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences. the study of meaning in language. an individual sound that is the basic structural element of language irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 6. What is the difference between a phoneme and a morpheme? opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 7. How many phonemes are there in the word tributary? How many morphemes are there in the word spellbound? 8. How do we use language? ctivities 33

38 ame ate lass ctivity 12-1 heories of otivation irections: Write the letter of the response that best fits the description in the blank to the left of each sentence. 1. he biological or psychological requirements of an organism are known as. instincts.. incentives.. drives.. needs. 2. ating to satisfy our hunger is an example of. intrinsic motivation.. homeostasis.. extrinsic motivation.. instincts. 3. he physiological and psychological factors that cause us to behave as we do describe our. incentives.. instincts.. motivation.. drives. 4. he tendency of all organisms to correct imbalances in their normal states is known as. homeostasis.. intrinsic motivation.. extrinsic motivation.. instincts. 5. atural or inherited tendencies of an organism are its. incentives.. instincts.. drives.. needs. 6. pending hours playing a computer game because you love the challenge is an example of a(n). extrinsic motivation.. incentives.. intrinsic motivation.. instincts. 7. n internal condition that orients a person toward a particular goal is known as a(n). drive.. instinct.. incentive.. need. 8. n object we seek or the result we are trying to achieve through our motivated behavior is a(n). drive.. incentive.. need.. instinct. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 9. ompare and contrast extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 34 ctivities

39 ame ate lass ctivity 12-2 iological and ocial otives irections: omplete each sentence using the terms below. ome terms are used twice. fundamental needs self-actualization needs psychological needs lateral hypothalamus (H) ventromedial hypothalamus (H) 1. f the is stimulated with electrodes, a laboratory animal will begin to eat, even if the animal has just finished a large meal. 2. f the is stimulated with electrodes, an animal will slow down or stop eating, even if it has not had any food for a long time. 3. n braham aslow s hierarchy of needs, refer to the need to fulfill one s unique potential. 4. n aslow s hierarchy of needs, refer to the need for food, water, sex, and physical safety. 5. n aslow s hierarchy of needs, refer to the need to belong, to give and receive love, and to acquire esteem. 6. artina s parents are getting a divorce. artina feels like she might be to blame for this. he is probably trying to fulfill her at this time. 7. r. racie rquette has just been appointed by the president to the position of.. surgeon general. r. rquette is most likely in the process of fulfilling her. 8. hilip is homeless. He probably strives daily to fulfill his. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 9. What biological factors other than the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus influence hunger? ctivities 35

40 ame ate lass ctivity 12-3 motions irections: Fill in each blank below with the word or words that best fit the sentence. motions have three parts. hese include the 1, the 2, and the 3 parts. sychologists have proposed both physiological and cognitive theories of emotions. here are two major physiological theories of emotions. hese are the 4 theory, which holds that emotions are the perception of certain internal bodily changes, and the 5 theory, which argues that the thalamus in the lower brain is the seat of all emotion. ognitive theorists believe that bodily changes work together with thinking to produce emotions. he 6 experiment demonstrated that internal components of emotion affect a person differently, depending on his or her perception of the situation. he 7 theory states that the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system act in concert to regulate and manipulate emotions. irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 8. What is the function of emotional intelligence? 9. oes emotional expression vary among cultures? Why or why not? opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 36 ctivities

41 ame ate lass ctivity 13-1 haracteristics of sychological ests irections: Write the letter of the response that best completes the sentence in the blanks to the left of each sentence. 1. he ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure is its. norm.. reliability.. percentile system.. validity. 2. anking of test scores in a way that indicates the ratio of scores lower and higher than a given score is done in the. norm.. reliability.. percentile system.. validity. 3. he ability of a test to arrive at the same result under a variety of different circumstances is its. norm.. reliability.. percentile system.. validity. 4. How well a test predicts performance is called its predictive. norm.. reliability.. percentile system.. validity. 5. tandards of comparison for test results developed by giving the test to large, well-defined groups of people are the test s. norms.. reliability.. percentile system.. validity. 6. f you divide a test in half, score each half separately, and the two scores are approximately the same, the test has split-half. norms.. reliability.. percentile system.. validity. opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 7. What does your percentile score on an aptitude test such as the cholastic ssessment est () show? ctivities 37

42 ame ate lass ctivity 13-2 ntelligence esting irections: nscramble the following vocabulary terms and enter the terms on the lines provided. hen match each numbered term to the correct lettered definition by placing the number of the term on the line to the right of the definitions G 3. -FW H - 4. G 5. H 6. G Q 7. H H irections: nswer the following question in the space provided. 8. What are the major aspects of emotional intelligence?. obert ternberg s theory of the ways that we process information. the ability to acquire new ideas and new behavior and to adapt to new situations. a child s mental age divided by his or her chronological age. a potential problem with intelligence tests in which the wording of questions may be more familiar to people of one social group than to another social group. harles pearman s theory that intelligence is composed of general intelligence and a person s specific mental abilities F. concepts of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligences G. the degree to which a characteristic such as intelligence is related to one s genes opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 38 ctivities

43 ame ate lass ctivity 13-3 easuring chievement, bilities, and nterests irections: omplete each sentence using the terms below. ach term is used at least twice. achievement test aptitude test interest inventory 1. n administered by computer may be called adaptive testing. 2. he purpose of an is to determine a person s preferences, attitudes, and interests. 3. n attempts to discover a person s talents and to predict how well he or she will be able to learn a new skill. 4. he uder reference ecord () is a type of. 5. n is validated in terms of its content validity. 6. he merican ollege est () is an example of an. 7. o decide on an occupation you might like, you would take an. 8. n is assessed primarily in terms of its predictive validity. 9. n allows not only instructors to assess students knowledge, but also allows students to assess their own progress. irections: nswer the following questions in the space provided. 10. What is the purpose of computer-based adaptive testing? opyright by he cgraw-hill ompanies, nc. 11. What is the purpose of the uder reference ecord? ctivities 39