PROGRESS IN PHOTOGRAPHY

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Tyler Freeman
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1 PROGRESS IN PHOTOGRAPHY Science for Arts Tim Zaman Delft University of Technology 1

2 INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENTS?? 2

3 INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENTS H 500C/M + Leaf DCB (1992) H4D 3

4 GRAND DEVELOPMENTS H A12 H 500C/M + Leaf DCB (1992) 4

5 GRAND DEVELOPMENTS Analog 2D digital 3D digital 3D+.. Note (today) 3D is complementary to 2D 5

6 CONTENTS 2D and/or 3D Practical Image Quality The Photographer and Automation 6

7 2D AND/OR 3D 3D is 2D, but one dimension more complex. Not +1x more complex. But exponentially more complex. 7 Sisyphus (1548), Titian (Prado)

8 3D OVER 2D 3D IN PRACTICE It is one dimension more.. Complex Comprehensive Expensive Cumbersome 8

9 PIONEERS AT WORK 9

10 Jewish Bride (1667), Rembrandt (RMA) 10

11 11

12 Lessons Learned: Looks really great, more enticing than 2D. But nowhere compared to the original: Reflectivity, translucency, color, resolution.. We are now addressing those issues; 3D+ 12

13 3D AND/OR 3D+ 3D+ is 3D, but one + more complex. Where does this end? Should we redigitise every object every decade? I have no answers. The answer lies with you. Sisyphus (1548), Titian (Prado) 13

14 3D? Are we done with 2D? Any Photographer 14

15 PRACTICAL IMAGE QUALITY IN PRESERVATION 15

16 QUALITY 101 What you measure How you measure Reference value 16

17 PRE DIGITAL QC Through Professional Experience Unscientific, but not wrong or irresponsible. Rijksmuseum (1953) 17

18 PRE-DIGITAL QC What: Experience How: Experience and Skill Reference: Experience and Knowledge Quality dependent on Experience, Skill and Knowledge of Photographer Result can be very good, but hard to quantify and reproduce. 18

19 EARLY DIGITAL QC Same as analog. But: Quantized pixels! Nikon D1 (1999) 19

20 Pixel values are fixed and can be related. QC is now practical, f.e.: What: Pixel values of a target How: Color Sampler Reference: Published pixel values of the target 20

21 Metamorfoze Program 07 raised digital quality awareness in the Netherlands 21

22 CURRENT DIGITAL QC Fairly established. But: Bonanza! 22

23 Targets Type, kind, version Metrics Color, Spatial, Geometry Standards ISO X, Metamorfoze, FADGI 23

24 THE USER: PHOTOGRAPHER Should all photographers know: The exact meaning of RGB values? ( ) Interpretation of an MTF curve, and its relation to an edge? 24

25 THE COMPUTER: SOFTWARE Targets should be standardised. Standards should be standardised. Metrics should be standardised. The above should lead to an unambiguous, reproducible result: Sounds like a job for a computer. 25

26 FUTURE DIGITAL QC Human-Computer Synergy Wait, aren t we there yet?! 26

27 Targets, Metrics and Standards should lead to an unambiguous, reproducible result Targets are ambiguous: different versions exist, all differ. Metrics are ambiguous: for practical purposes incomplete, updates are slow. Standards have not been defined yet. 27

28 TARGET AMBIGUITY 28

29 I checked with the images taken 50 years ago, turns out all our objects have shrunk 10%! Conservator A, in 2065 oops 29

30 I checked with the images taken 50 years ago, I think they are fading! Conservator B, in 2065 Using old target? Used factory reference values? 30

31 METRIC AMBIGUITY Metrics are well defined. Which one you use, how to use in practice, how to implement, practical shortcomings aren t. 31

32 FUTURE QC TODO Targets: Measure each individual test target. Metrics: Use an open and free computing engine. Does NOT exist Standards: Pick a guideline and adapt it to your collection. 32

33 QUALITY EXCELS: Computer Does all the cumbersome work and processing. Human Professional Photographer Uses old school skills to interpret the images like they have always done, if the computer OKAYS it. 33

34 WHAT IF Your collection is also fairly standardized? You can then standardise your operator. Robotics! 34

35 MAXED AUTOMATION Disclaimer: digitisation-worthy collections are often non-standard. Naturalis (NL) e r e H! y a d to Smithsonian (USA) 35 e r He! y a d to

36 MAXED AUTOMATION 3D Artec Shapify Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD! y a d o t Here 36

37 Thanks! Sisyphus (1548), Titian (Prado) 37

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