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1 ASTI DATA IN FOCUS November 21 NIGER The ASTI Data in Focus series provides additional background data in support of the 21 Country Note on Niger (asti.cgiar.org/pdf/niger note.pdf) prepared by the Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) initiative and the Niger National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRAN). Based on data collected by ASTI and INRAN, these two outputs review major investment and capacity trends in Niger s public agricultural research and development (R&D) since 1971, providing important updates on agricultural R&D trends prepared by ASTI and INRAN in 23. C. Human Resources This section provides detailed quantitative information on full time equivalent (FTE) agricultural research and support staff trends, including qualifications, gender and age distribution, and support staff per researcher ratios. Complementary sections of this issue on Niger present detailed data on long term trends (Section A), financial resources (Section B) and research allocation (Section D). Other supporting information provides macroeconomic trends, a list of agencies included in the study, data sources and estimation procedures, and ASTI s methodology. Figure C1 Full time equivalent researcher trends at INRAN by degree, 21 8 The number of full time equivalent (FTE) at Niger s National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRAN) decreased from 86 in 21 to 71 in 28. In 28, 11 FTE held BSc degrees, 3 were MSc qualified, and 17 held PhD degrees Source: Calculated by authors from ASTI INRAN Note: For more information on coverage and estimation procedures, see asti.cgiar.org/niger/ datacoverage. 1

Based on data collected by ASTI and INRAN, these two outputs review major investment and capacity trends in Niger s public agricultural research and development (R&D) since 1971, providing important

2 Figure C2 Full time equivalent researcher trends at CMB by degree, 21 8 The number of employed at the Livestock Multiplication Center (CMB) followed a more erratic trend, ultimately increasing from 6 FTEs in 21 to 7 FTEs in 28. Overall, CMB s research staff became better qualified during this timeframe. In 28, the center employed 3 PhD qualified, 3 MSc qualified, and 1 BSc qualified FTE Source: Calculated by authors from ASTI INRAN Figure C3 Full time equivalent researcher trends at Abdou Moumouni University by degree, 21 8 FTE research capacity at the four agencies involved in agricultural R&D under Abdou Moumouni University also increased during 21 8, both in terms of numbers and qualifications. In 21, the higher education agencies employed a total of 12 FTE, 1 of which held PhD degrees; in 28, total agricultural R&D capacity had risen to 15 FTEs, 1 of which held PhD degrees. None of the were only qualified to the BSc level Source: Calculated by authors from ASTI INRAN Note: For a complete list of the agencies included in our sample, see asti.cgiar.org/niger/agencies. 2

1 8 6 2 21 22 23 2 25 26 27 28 Source: Calculated by authors from ASTI INRAN 29 1.

3 Figure C Distribution of researcher qualifications across various agencies, 28 The four units under Abdou Moumouni University (UAM) had the highest (combined) share of FTE with PhD degrees (92 percent), and three of these units only employed PhDqualified. In contrast, the government agencies employed higher shares of with MSc or BSc degrees. In 28, 2 percent of FTE at INRAN held PhD degrees, 61 percent held MSc degrees, and 15 percent BSc degrees. INRAN CMB Subtotal government (2) UAM IRI UAM IRSH UAM FS Bio UAM FA Subtotal UAM () Source: Calculated by authors from ASTI INRAN Figure C5 Share of female by degree and institutional category, 21 and 28 Female constituted 8 percent of Niger s agricultural research staff in 28. Of the 8 FTE for which gender data were available, only 7 were female in 28. Across degree levels, the share of female grew among those qualified to the BSc level (from none in 21 to 9 percent in 28) and among those qualified to the MSc level (from 9 to 11 percent), but the share of female qualified to the PhD level fell from 5 to percent during this time. Notably, in 28 no female were employed at the three higher education agencies for which gender data were available INRAN UAM (3) Total () Source: Calculated by authors from ASTI INRAN 29 1 and Stads, Kabaley, and Gandah 2. Notes: Figures in parentheses indicate the number of agencies in each category. CMB was excluded because 21 data were unavailable; UAM FS Bio was excluded because 28 data were unavailable. For a complete list of the agencies included in the sample, see asti.cgiar.org/niger/ agencies. 3

In 28, 2 percent of FTE at INRAN held PhD degrees, 61 percent held MSc degrees, and 15 percent BSc degrees.

4 Figure C6 Distribution of researcher qualifications by gender, 21 and 28 This figure illustrates the relative levels of researcher qualifications by gender in 21 and 28. The share of male PhD qualified staff increased from 3 to 6 percent during this timeframe, whereas the share of female PhD qualified staff decreased from 26 to 1 percent Female Male Female Male Source: Calculated by authors from ASTI INRAN 29 1 and Stads, Kabaley, and Gandah 2. Note: Figures in parentheses indicate the number of agencies in each category. CMB was excluded because 21 data were unavailable; UAM FS Bio was excluded because 28 data were unavailable. For a complete list of the agencies included in the sample, see asti.cgiar.org/niger/ agencies. Figure C7 Age distribution by institutional category and gender, 27 This figure illustrates the distribution of by age at INRAN and Abdou Moumouni University s Faculty of Agriculture (UAM FA), disaggregated by gender. At these agencies, a significant majority of were more than years old in 27 and around 25 percent were 51 years or older. Neither agency employed any under 31 years old. Shares of FTE resaerchers (%) INRAN UAM FA Female Male >51 Source: Calculated by authors from ASTI AWARD 28/9. Note: Figures in parentheses indicate the number of agencies in each category.

1 8 6 2 Female Male Female Male 21 28 Source: Calculated by authors from ASTI INRAN 29 1 and Stads, Kabaley, and Gandah 2.

5 Figure C8 Trends in full time equivalent support staff at INRAN, 21 8 The overall number of support staff at INRAN including, technicians, administrative staff, and other support staff declined from 39 FTEs in 21 to 27 FTEs in 28. None of the technicians were qualified to the BSc level or higher. In 28, INRAN employed 2 technicians, 29 administrative staff, and 23 other support staff, all in FTEs. support staff Technicians with diploma Administrative Other support Source: Calculated by authors from ASTI INRAN Figure C9 Support staff per researcher ratio by institutional category, 21 and 28 On average, the support staff per researcher ratio fell, from 5.6 in 21 to.1 in 28. In 28, for every agricultural researcher, Niger employed.5 technicians,.3 administrative staff, and 3.2 other support staff. In general, the government agencies reported much higher support staff ratios compared with the higher education agencies, which is a common finding given that teaching is the primary mandate at the higher education agencies. CMB s share is particularly high, given that many support staff are involved in the center s cattle raising activities. Support staff to researcher ratio INRAN CMB Higher education (3) Total (5) Technician Administrative support staff Other support staff Source: Calculated by authors from ASTI INRAN Notes: Figures in parentheses indicate the number of agencies in each category. For more information on coverage and estimation procedures, see the Niger country page on ASTI s website at asti.cgiar.org/niger/datacoverage. Copyright 21 International Food Policy Research Institute and Niger National Institute of Agricultural Research. Sections of this Data in Focus issue may be reproduced without the express permission of, but with acknowledgement to IFPRI and INRAN. This series is an output of the ASTI initiative and has not been peer reviewed. Any opinions stated herein are those of ASTI and do not necessarily reflect the policies and opinions of IFPRI or INRAN. 5

In 28, INRAN employed 2 technicians, 29 administrative staff, and 23 other support staff, all in FTEs.

WOMEN S PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND HIGHER EDUCATION

WOMEN S PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND HIGHER EDUCATION KEY TRENDS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA N i e n k e M. B e i n t e m a a n d F e d e r i c a D i M a r c a n t o n i o J u l y 2 9 Key Results