New strategies in anticancer therapy
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- Oswin Blair
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1 癌 症 診 療 指 引 簡 介 及 臨 床 應 用 New strategies in anticancer therapy 中 山 醫 學 大 學 附 設 醫 院 腫 瘤 內 科 蔡 明 宏 醫 師 2014/3/29
2 Anti-Cancer Therapy Surgical Treatment Radiotherapy Chemotherapy Target Therapy Supportive Treatment
3 Surgery To diagnose cancer As a treatment to cure cancer To reconstruct a part of your body To prevent or reduce the risk of cancer To control symptoms or extend life 3/28/2014
4 Surgery It is effective, easy to perform and economical. Contraindications : -- Multicentric cancer -- Special locations Not solve the problem of recurrence and most of metastasis.
5 Radiotherapy Radiotherapy: ionizing radiation destroys tumor cells Curative radiotherapy Adjuvant radiotherapy Palliative radiotherapy
6 Radiotherapy Non-resectable tumors or in the case of recurrences. Acute side effects Nausea and vomiting Damage to the epithelial surfaces Mouth, throat and stomach sores Intestinal discomfort Swelling (edema or oedema) Infertility Late side effects Fibrosis hair loss Dryness Lymphedema Cancer Heart disease Cognitive decline Radiation proctitis Cumulative effects 3/28/2014
7 A 1 cm tumor contains 10 9 (1 billion) cells
8 3/28/2014
9 Systemic therapy (Chemotherapy) Chemotherapy: electively on cells in mitosis, and antimitotic agents finally aim to destroy cancer cells. These substances have the great advantage : perform a therapy of the potential or disseminated systemic disease. Relieves painful symptoms, prolongs life and/or even heals the disease.
10 Systemic therapy (Chemotherapy) Anticancer chemotherapy have been remarkably successful. the perspective of a normal life for some patients with different types of metastasized tumors; increased recovery rates, in the case of the use of an adjuvant in surgical therapy or radiotherapy; total remission in more than 25% of the treated patients; an increased rate of response, with a significant prolongation of life duration; objective regression in 30 50% of patients treated for the first time with a chemical product.
11 Systemic therapy (Chemotherapy) Anticancer drugs particularly affect cells in active division and, in normal and neoplastic cells. The maximal therapeutic effect is obtained in the case of moderate drug toxicity The toxic effects of anticancer drugs : a.peduncle cells of the bone marrow and lymphocytes; b.mucous cells of the gastrointestinal tract; c.liver and kidney cells; d.cells of the basal epithelial layer; e.nervous system cells.
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13 Systemic therapy (Chemotherapy) The usual toxic hematological signs include: thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, reticulocytopenia; anemia and lymphopenia. The effects of toxicity on the gastrointestinal tract are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis and intestinal mucosal ulcers; hair loss, especially in dogs with curly hair. Anticancer agents act by disturbing cell multiplication or normal functioning, DNA synthesis or chromosomal migration, and by blocking or changing RNA and protein metabolism.
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15 Target therapy Late 1990s: nearly all drugs used in cancer treatment worked by killing cells. These chemotherapy drugs also killed some normal cells but had a greater effect on cancer cells. Targeted therapies work by influencing the processes that control growth, division, and spread of cancer cells, as well as the signals that cause cancer cells to die naturally.
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19 老 藥 新 用 19
20 Her2/neu HER2 in the development of numerous types of human cancer. HER2 overexpression and/or amplification have been detected in 10%-34% of invasive breast cancers and correlate with the clinical outcome. HER2 overexpression and/or amplification have also been observed in colon, bladder, ovarian, endometrial, lung, uterine cervix, head and neck, esophageal, and gastric carcinomas. 20
21 Colon cancer (Her2: 0-83%) 3/28/2014 BMC Cancer 2006, 6:123
22 Urothelial carcinoma (Her2: 30-40%) 3/28/2014 Modern Pathology (2013), 1 7
23 Gastric cancer (Her2: 10-34%) 3/28/2014 Lancet 2010; 376:
24 Sutent in Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pnet)
25 抗 藥 性
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28 十 面 埋 伏
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33 Epigeneic control
34 DNA methylation silences genes in cancer including tumor-suppressor genes Normal tissue Transcription factor Gene ON (gene transcription protein expression) Promoter region Many hundreds of CpG Islands become aberrantly methylated in all types of cancer cells Tumour Gene OFF 3/28/2014 Esteller M. N Engl J Med 2008;358:
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