Trainee Manual B311 CITY OF SASKATOON. Water and Sewer Section. Sanitary Sewer Connection Repair Trainee Manual. Version # 1-0-4

Transcription

1 Trainee Manual B311 CITY OF SASKATOON Water and Sewer Section Sanitary Sewer Connection Repair Trainee Manual

2 CITY OF SASKATOON Sanitary Sewer Connection Repair Trainee Manual City of Saskatoon

3 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...1 PROCEDURAL OVERVIEW...1 METHOD AND TECHNIQUES...2 PRE-REPAIR...2 GENERAL EXCAVATION SAFETY SEWER CONNECTION REPAIR CONNECTING TO EXISTING PIPE CONNECTING TO THE SEWER MAIN INSTALLING A SECTION OF PIPE BACKFILL, GENERAL INFORMATION RESOURCES PEOPLE EQUIPMENT MATERIALS... 48

4 Introduction The objective of this manual is to train staff on how to repair a sanitary sewer connection in a timely and efficient manner while, minimizing disruption in service and insuring the repair meets current standards. Should substandard conditions of the peripheral infrastructure be identified, further renovations will be performed. Procedural Overview The Clearances and Locations Work Group will acquire clearances for all utilities, (Gas, power, water, sewer, phone, cable, etc.) before the excavation begins. The Clearances and Locations Work Group will provide the required location numbers, job numbers, drawings and forms to the Supervisor IV as well as organize the removal of some site obstructions i.e. trees and utility poles. The Clearances and Locations Work Group will notify Railway Roadmasters (CN & CP) in advance of work progress near railroad corridors. All vehicles must be circle checked and the results logged before use. The Supervisor IV or the Clearances and Locations Work Group representative will mark the water and sewer lines and meet the other utility representatives at the repair site. The Supervisor IV will request that the Sign Shop and/or the labourers install the required traffic control devices. The Supervisor IV will notify the public of restricted water use if required. The Supervisor IV will ensure that any buried utilities have been de-energized, if required. The Supervisor IV will coordinate, select and acquire all required equipment and materials and deploy their crew to the job site. Before using the equipment the tandem axle truck and excavator/backhoe operators must perform circle checks, log results and ensure that the regular maintenance schedule for that equipment has been adhered to. The tandem truck operator will ensure that the trailers are clean and in proper working order. The tandem truck operator will haul shoring and crew trailers. The Supervisor IV will confirm the location of the sanitary sewer connection, decide the size of excavation and discuss with the excavator/backhoe operator the best method for excavating. All staff must wear the personal protective equipment required. The Supervisor IV will coordinate the plugging and/or diverting of the sewer main as required - with Sewer Operations. The Supervisor IV will be aware of other construction/maintenance activities in the immediate vicinity of the repair site that may be affected by the repair activities. Asphalt and/or concrete must be stripped, separated and hauled to a designated reclamation site. Where possible, excavate parallel with the pipe being repaired. Consider the locations of other underground utilities. The labourers shall locate and expose (shallow buried) underground utilities by hand. The labourers shall communicate the location of all buried utilities to the excavator/backhoe operator. Support all buried utilities as required by their owner s specifications. The labourers shall inspect shoring before use. The Supervisor IV will confirm that the shoring is in proper working order and installation is in accordance with regulations. Personnel must stay clear when lifting and lowering shoring and/or materials. The shoring is installed with the assistance of the excavator/backhoe and the labourers in accordance with manufacturer s recommendations. Shoring must be placed in the excavation in such a manner as not to disturb any buried utilities. Shoring must be expanded to support trench walls - install endplates as required. The access/egress ladder must be in place while persons are in the excavation. Labourers shall observe the trench walls for signs of collapse throughout the repair. If at any time a bottom labourer is in danger the other labourers must immediately summon their exit from the excavation. 1

5 The labourers will ensure the tools and crew trailer are clean and in proper working order. The top labourer will assemble and pass all the required tools and material to the bottom labourer. The sanitary sewer connection is repaired in accordance with the Trainee s Manual. The Supervisor IV will determine the length of pipe to be replaced. Service connections must be reconnected to the sewer main with a service saddle. Replacement pipe must be coupled to existing pipe using approved couplers. The Supervisor IV will ensure the repair meets all specifications and recommended practices. The top labourer will direct the tandem axle truck operator to dump the backfill material. Backfill all buried utilities as required by their owner s specifications and confirm backfill specifications have been met. The Supervisor IV ensures backfill material meets the requirements. Soil and granular material must be compacted to a standard proctor density minimum of 98% and be free from frozen or substandard backfill material. Non-shrink backfill must be used beneath concrete or paving stone sidewalks or driveways. Pavement cut will be left down if instructed by the Asphalt Supervisor. Final grade of all excavations must be smooth and level. All tools and the excavator bucket must be disinfected. Driveways, road surfaces and sidewalks must be swept clean. The Supervisor IV will inspect the site for cleanliness and safety before leaving the site. All unnecessary traffic control devices will be removed from the roadway prior to leaving the site. The Supervisor IV will ensure that all the required forms and documentation are complete and submitted - at the end of the day the job is completed. The Clearances and Locations Work Group will update the manual and electronic records. Method and Techniques Pre-repair The sewer cleaning record of service will have all the information required to facilitate the sewer connection repair. This form is submitted to the Clearances and Locations Work Group. Figure 1 - Sewer Cleaning Record of Service 2

6 The Clearances and Locations Work Group will provide drawings, utility locations, location numbers and any required forms. If required, the Clearances and Locations Work Group will coordinate the removal of objects obstructing the excavation, like trees and utility poles. A daily work sheet is created to provide other departments of the location of Water & Sewer work being performed that day. Figure 2 - Clearances and Locations Work Group DATE: Friday May 9-03 Water and Sewer Maintenance Section PIECOWYE:W&SMT1 STATUS LOCATION: REPAIR TYPE: PRIORITY JOB # Loc: ACTIVITY: GL SIGNING: GIS UTL>LOC: STAFFING: Current Tiffin Crescent Sanitary Connection MBL S/S Parker/Klassen 1006 LABOURERS - 2nd Massey Drive & Marr Avenue Water Main MP On Site BACKHOE OPERATOR - Dmytrowich Hold 175/303 Delaronde Road Repair C/B Lead MP On Site T/A OPERATORS - Pingue Hold Arnhem St. & McNaughton Hydrant (McAvity) MP On Site Avenue Hold Field House Water Connection MBL Crew :W&SMT2 STATUS LOCATION: REPAIR TYPE: PRIORITY JOB # Loc: ACTIVITY: GL SIGNING: GIS UTL>LOC: STAFFING: 9th ASt. Water Main MP1 Sanitary Connection MBL MBL MBL MBL REPAIR TYPE: PRIORITY Cathodic Protection FMP MBL MBL MBL Cleanup Yard MBL LABOURERS - BACKHOE OPERATOR - BT/A OPERATORS - UTL>LOC: STAFFING: LABOURERS - BACKHOE OPERATOR - T/A OPERATORS - Hold Clarence Avenue - 8th St S/S Hold 15 Moxon Crescent S/S :W&SMT3 STATUS LOCATION: JOB # Loc: ACTIVITY: GL SIGNING: GIS Hold Street N/A Dudley Hold 8th Street Yard N/A :W&SMT4 STATUS LOCATION: REPAIR TYPE: PRIORITY JOB # Loc: ACTIVITY: GL SIGNING: GIS UTL>LOC: STAFFING: MBL LABOURERS - Hold Isabella Street / Eastlake Avenue Repair C/B Lead MBL S/S BACKHOE OPERATOR - Hold Isabella Street / Eastlake Avenue Valve (WPL) MP S/S 1168 T/A OPERATORS - MBL MBL DAY OFF/EDO VACATION: SICK: OTHER: ADDITIONAL STAFFING: Ross, Young, Maskwa & Crews, Olchove, Hilton, Swidzinski Collins - Medical Loader - Landfill - Priority Legend (MP1) Maintenance Priority - (MBL) Maintenance Backlog - (MPS) Maintenance Program Support - (FMP) Funded Maintenance Program C REPAIR TYPE: PRIORITY Storm MH F&C MBL Storm MH F&C MBL Sanitary MH F&C MBL Curb Stop (C&S) MP2 Curb Stop (C&S) MP2 San Bev Top MBL Pending Water & Sewer Work STATUS LOCATION: JOB # Loc: ACTIVITY: GL SIGNING: GIS Hold Boychuck Dr. South of Taylor St Crew Hold Boychuck Dr. South of Taylor St Crew Hold 4200 Block Taylor Street Crew 8575 Hold 412 Avenue C South S/S Hold 213 Avenue I South S/S Hold 4th Avenue & 23th Street S/S 3813 Hold Ottawa Avenue / 20th Street San Bev Top FMP S/S 3231 Figure 3 - Daily Work Sheet 3

7 Section A shows the tasks for each Supervisor IV. In this view status, location, repair type, priority, job#, location #, activity #, and GL# are shown. Staff not at work are listed at the bottom of the section. DATE: Friday May 9-03 Water and Sewer Maintenance Secti PIECOWYE:W&SMT1 STATUS LOCATION: REPAIR TYPE: PRIORITY JOB # Loc: ACTIVITY: GL Current 1006 Tiffin Crescent Sanitary Connection MBL nd Massey Drive & Marr Avenue Water Main MP Hold 175/303 Delaronde Road Repair C/B Lead MP Hold Arnhem St. & McNaughton Avenue Hydrant (McAvity) MP Hold Field House Water Connection MBL :W&SMT2 STATUS LOCATION: REPAIR TYPE: PRIORITY JOB # Loc: ACTIVITY: GL Hold Clarence Avenue - 8th St. - 9th St. Water Main MP Hold 15 Moxon Crescent Sanitary Connection MBL MBL MBL MBL :W&SMT3 STATUS LOCATION: REPAIR TYPE: PRIORITY JOB # Loc: ACTIVITY: GL Hold Dudley Street Cathodic Protection FMP MBL MBL MBL Hold 8th Street Yard Cleanup Yard MBL :W&SMT4 STATUS LOCATION: REPAIR TYPE: PRIORITY JOB # Loc: ACTIVITY: GL MBL Hold Isabella Street / Eastlake Avenue Repair C/B Lead MBL Hold Isabella Street / Eastlake Avenue Valve (WPL) MP MBL MBL DAY OFF/EDO VACATION: SICK: Ross, Young, Maskwa & Crews, Olchove, Hilton, Swidzinski Collins - Medical Priority Legend (MP1) Maintenance Priority - (MBL) Maintenance Backlog - (MPS) Maintenance Program Support - (FMP) F Figure 4 - Daily Work Sheet Section A 4

8 Section B of the Daily Work Sheet shows additional information on signing, GIS#, utility locations, staffing and comments. on SIGNING: GIS UTL>LOC: STAFFING: COMMENTS: S/S LABOURERS - Parker/Klassen On Site BACKHOE OPERATOR - Dmytrowich On Site T/A OPERATORS - Pingue Gravel required to complete On Site Crew SIGNING: GIS UTL>LOC: STAFFING: COMMENTS: S/S LABOURERS - No homes out! S/S BACKHOE OPERATOR - T/A OPERATORS - SIGNING: GIS UTL>LOC: STAFFING: COMMENTS: N/A LABOURERS - BACKHOE OPERATOR - T/A OPERATORS - N/A SIGNING: GIS UTL>LOC: STAFFING: COMMENTS: LABOURERS - S/S BACKHOE OPERATOR - S/S 1168 T/A OPERATORS - OTHER: ADDITIONAL STAFFING: COMMENTS: Loader - Landfill - Funded Maintenance Program Section C shows work pending. Figure 5 - Daily Work Sheet Section B Pending Water & Sewer Work STATUS LOCATION: REPAIR TYPE: PRIORITY JOB # Loc: ACTIVITY: GL SIGNING: GIS Hold Boychuck Dr. South of Taylor St. Storm MH F&C MBL Crew Hold Boychuck Dr. South of Taylor St. Storm MH F&C MBL Crew Hold 4200 Block Taylor Street Sanitary MH F&C MBL Crew 8575 Hold 412 Avenue C South Curb Stop (C&S) MP S/S Hold 213 Avenue I South Curb Stop (C&S) MP S/S Hold 4th Avenue & 23th Street San Bev Top MBL S/S 3813 Hold Ottawa Avenue / 20th Street San Bev Top FMP S/S 3231 Figure 6 - Daily Work Sheet Section C 5

9 Supervisor IV will pick up all materials that can be transported by a ¾ ton truck. (For larger material a hoist truck or tandem truck will be used) Representatives from utility companies can field locate their lines if required. All buried utilities shall be identified and marked prior to beginning an excavation. The Clearances and Locations Work Group representative, or the Supervisor IV, will mark the city owned utilities. Locations of the utilities will be the determining factors in performing the excavation. Proposed excavation may be marked in pink or white paint. Figure 7 Public Works Stores APWA Colour Codes Figure 8 - APWA Colour Codes 6

10 Upon arrival at the work site, a location for the trailers will be determined in order to keep them clear of the excavation. A good practice is to take a picture of the site prior to excavation this may avoid disagreements of property damage and assist landscaping crews in restoration. Figure 9 - Trailer Location Figure 10 - Picture of Site. 7

11 Every effort should be made to cut the asphalt or concrete with an earth saw (winter), quickie saw or asphalt saw (summer) prior to excavating. When using a saw, a face shield and goggles must be worn. Asphalt or concrete will be stripped, separated and hauled away to the designated reclamation site. Asphalt and concrete are to be recycled. Figure 11 Cutting Asphalt Figure 12 Recycling 8

12 Excavator/backhoe and type of shoring will be chosen based on type and condition of soil, and the width and depth of excavation/trench. When excavating, watch the trench for any unmarked utilities. Figure 13 - Shoring on Trailer Figure 14 - Excavating 9

13 Protect labourers in an excavation by sloping the walls or installing shoring. A combination 1:1 (45 degree) slope and vertical face may be used, as long as the vertical face does not exceed 1.2m (4feet) and the overall depth of the excavation is not greater than 5m (15feet) To calculate the size of the excavation if shoring is not used, determine the depth required. The depth can be determined by measuring manhole depths, valve casings, valve chambers etc. Use the following formula given in Figure 16 - Excavation Width Calculation Figure 15 - Sloping the excavation walls. Excavation Width = 2xTopDepth + Bottom Width Excavation Width Top Depth 1.2m Bottom Width Figure 16 - Excavation Width Calculation 10

14 It is best practice to minimize the size of the excavation by installing shoring instead of sloping the excavation walls. Shoring Depth 300mm Width Material from the trench will be sorted into salvageable material (wet or dry) and nonsalvageable material. If stockpiling of salvageable material on site is not a viable option a dumpsite will be used. The toe of the spoil piles must be a minimum of 1m (3Feet) from the edge of the excavation. Figure 17 - Excavation With Shoring Figure 18 Spoil Pile 11

15 While locating a buried utility deeper than 1.2m (4feet), shoring must be placed in excavation prior to worker probing for the utility. Buried utilities will be supported as required during the excavation. Figure 19 - Feeling Rod Utility Utility Supported from Above Figure 20 - Supported Utility 12

16 General Excavation Safety In the event that a natural gas line is hit, the machine must be immediately turned off as the engine may ignite the gas (especially in calm conditions). If the vehicle contacts overhead power lines, do not exit the vehicle until the lines have been deenergized. Figure 21 - Excavator/Backhoe on fire. Figure 22 - Truck contacting overhead power lines. 13

17 Do not go between the excavator bucket and the truck being loaded. Do not stand under the bucket of the excavator/backhoe. Keep clear of the swing of the turntable and reach of the excavator/backhoe. Danger Zone No worker will enter a trench greater than 1.2m (4feet) in depth, without the installation of a temporary protective structure. Figure 23 Danger Zone Figure 24 - Trench Cave-in 14

18 Make sure shoring and trailer are clean and in proper working order for transporting. Shoring trailers shall not be used to transport material unless designated for such use. Park trailer where there are no overhead lines or tree branches. Look for cracks on eyebolts and chains. Ensure that tie down straps are in good condition (Not frayed or torn). Hook up chains appropriately. Keep the chain short when transporting the shoring from the trailer to the excavation, this prevents shoring from swinging excessively. Figure 25 - Shoring on Trailer. Figure 26 - Shoring being lifted off the trailer. 15

19 Position the excavator/backhoe far enough back so the shoring can be lifted and lowered safely. Use tag lines wherever possible. Naturally frozen soil is not considered safe and therefore must be shored. Once the shoring is in the excavation the side panels must be expanded hydraulically to be tight against the excavation walls. Endplates must be installed if the ends of the excavation are not sloped. Figure 27 - Shoring Installation Figure 28 Shoring with Endplates. 16

20 After shoring is in place, install and secure the ladder in the excavation. Labourers must wear all the required personal protective equipment. All hand tools are lowered into the excavation using a bucket and rope. Never throw tools into or out of the excavation. Three points of contact must be kept on the ladder when in use. Figure 29 - Entering Excavation Figure 30 - Three Point Contact 17

21 Sewer Connection Repair If excavation exposes a curb stop, it must be inspected. The curb stop should be replaced if conditions warrant. If the failure is located between the property line and the sewer main, the entire length of pipe shall be replaced with PVC, unless otherwise directed. Figure 31 - Curb Stop Sewer Main Property Line Private Property Public Property Figure 32 - Sewer Connection 18

22 Once the excavation is complete assess the condition of the pipe for severity and extent of damage. Clay tile pipe shall be cut with tile pipe cutters. Figure 33 - Hole in Pipe Figure 34 - Tile Cutters 19

23 Fibre pipe shall be cut with a hacksaw or handsaw. Asbestos concrete pipe will be cut with tile cutters. Keep pipe wet while cutting to minimize airborne particles. Appropriate respiration equipment must be used. A/C pieces under 5kgs must be double bagged and labelled for transport to the landfill. A dangerous goods carrier must transport A/C pieces over 5kg, and 24hr notice must be given to the landfill scale operators before delivering the A/C pipe. Figure 35 - Hacksaw Figure 36 - Tile Cutters 20

24 All standpipes (risers) will be inspected and renovated as required. Stand Pipe Remove failed existing pipe including elbow, standpipe (riser) & service lateral. Figure 37 - Stand Pipe Figure 38 - Remove Pipe 21

25 To prevent dirt and debris from entering the sewer main, insert rags into the pipe that is directly connected to the sewer main. Before beginning the repair check the connection pipe for failures further up the line. Figure 39 - Rag in Pipe Figure 40 - Inspect Sewer Pipe 22

26 Clean both ends of existing pipe. Connecting to Existing Pipe Depending on the existing pipe material, a coupler may be required to attach the elbow. If the existing pipe has the same outside diameter as the elbow, then the bell end of the pipe may be able to adequately connect them. Figure 41 - Clean Pipe Figure 42 - Connecting Elbows 23

27 If the bell end of the pipe will not adequately connect the two pipes, a coupler must be used. A straight coupler will be used on pipe with the same out side diameter. If the two pipe s outside diameters are not the same, a transition coupler shall be installed. Figure 43 - Straight Coupler Figure 44 - Transition Coupler 24

28 Install the coupler first on the existing pipe end. Push the coupler back on the pipe so the coupler is even with the pipe edge. Install new elbow section into the coupler. Slide the coupler so it is evenly centred over the elbow and the existing pipe. Figure 45 - Install Coupler Figure 46 - Coupler Installed 25

29 Ninety-degree elbows must not be used. Ninety-degree elbows become plugged easier and are much more likely damaged by cleaning equipment. Instead of a 90 elbow, any combination of long or short 45 or 22.5 elbows must be used. Figure Elbow 22.5 Short 22.5 Long Note: 45 Short 45 Long Figure and 22.5 Elbows 26

30 Connecting to the Sewer Main Connect the elbow to the main with a sewer service saddle or onto the riser using a coupler. The service saddle will be secured to the sewer main with 2 stainless steel straps. Place the gasket on the underside of the service saddle. Figure 49 - Sewer Service Saddle Figure 50 - Service Saddle Gasket 27

31 Set the service saddle on top of the sewermain pipe. Wrap and secure the first clamp around the service saddle and pipe and tighten. Figure 51 - Service Saddle on Pipe Figure 52 - Service Saddle Clamp 28

32 Wrap and secure the other clamp around the pipe and service saddle and tighten. Ensure the clamps are between the ridged guides on the service saddle. Figure 53 - Service Saddle Strap Figure 54 - Service Saddle Installed 29

33 Installing a Section of Pipe Measure the length of pipe required. Prepare the foundation for the pipe in subgrade, as shown. Figure 55 - Measure Pipe Length Figure 56 - Pipe Foundation 30

34 Ensure the section of replacement pipe has positive grade to the sewer main. In other words, the pipe on the house side should be higher than the pipe on the sewermain side. Positive Grade Cut the required length of replacement pipe. Figure 57 - Positive Pipe Grade Figure 58 - Cutting Pipe 31

35 Insert one end of new pipe into elbow. Use pipe lubricant to assist. Slip coupler on to the other end of the new pipe. Align the new pipe with the existing pipe. Slip the coupler back so it is centred over the existing and replacement pipe. Figure 59 - Inserting Pipe Figure 60 - Aligning the Coupler 32

36 A PVC nipple is a short length of pipe used to connect the elbow to the existing pipe. Nipple Coupler Elbow Tighten the clamps on the coupler with a flat head screwdriver and/or nut driver. Figure 61 - Pipe Nipple Figure 62 - Tighten Coupler 33

37 All sewer connection pipes on City of Saskatoon property will be bedded with sand up to the spring line. Sand Cover remaining pipe with gravel and compact. Figure 63 - Pipe Bedding Figure 64 - Backfilling Sewer Connection 34

38 Backfill, General Information Cover service connection and mains with 150mm (6inch) of class-2 backfill material and compact. Use spoil material if suitable. If not bring in clean backfill material. Non-shrink backfill shall be used beneath (concrete or paving stone), sidewalks or driveways. Leave non-shrink backfill a minimum of 300mm (12inch) below grade. Figure 65 - Backfill Figure 66 - Non-shrink backfill 35

39 Ensure utilities are backfilled according to the specifications of the owner of the utility. A representative from the utility may be required to inspect and approve the bedding. Backfill material should be free from loam [fertile material], sod, boulders or foreign material and frozen lumps. Figure 67 - Backfilling with shovel Figure 68 - Backfill Material 36

40 Method of compaction to be used will be decided based on suitability. Hydraulic tamper (excavator attachment) cannot be used closer than 1m(3feet) directly above pipe or service. Backfill shall be placed in 150mm (6inch) lifts. Figure 69 - Compactor Figure 70 - Hydraulic Tamper (Excavator Attachment) 37

41 Walk behind vibratory compactor will be used around mains, connections and manhole barrels etc. Backfill shall be placed in 150mm (6inch) lifts. Handheld plate tampers are to be used for compacting in the pipe zone, around manholes etc. Backfill shall be placed in 150mm (6 inch) lifts. Figure 71 - Walk Behind Vibratory Compactor Figure 72 - Handheld Plate Tamper 38

42 Bucket tamping is not an approved method of compacting. Leave adequate room for asphalt or concrete as per Roadway Section s instruction. If on grass do not leave topsoil higher than existing grade to accommodate turf. Figure 73 - Excavator/Backhoe backfilling Figure 74 - Finished Backfill 39

43 All tools must be disinfected after use on a sewer repair. Ensure that the proper disinfectant applicator is used. Excess dirt will be removed with a wire brush and a rag prior to soaking with disinfectant. Soak items with disinfectant solution (min 5% sodium hypo-chlorite solution), let soak for a minimum of 7 seconds. Scrub item with a clean rag then rinse clean with disinfectant solution. Let tools dry before storing. Figure 75 - Disinfectant Applicator Figure 76 - Disinfecting 40

44 Before leaving the site all unnecessary traffic control devices will be removed, as per the traffic control manual. Others will perform site restoration. Figure 77 Traffic Control Devices Figure 78 - Site Restoration 41

45 Resources People 1 Supervisor IV 2 Labourers 1 - Excavator/Backhoe Operator 2 - Tandem Axle Truck Operators 1 - Loader Operator Equipment Figure 79 - Feeling Rod Figure 80 - Tunnelling Shovel 42

46 Figure 81 Shovels Figure 82 Broom Figure 83 - Scraper Figure 84 - Rasp / File 43

47 Figure 85 - Nut Driver Figure 86 - Flathead Screwdriver Figure 87 - Sledge Hammer Figure 88 - Pick Axe 44

48 Figure 89 - Disinfectant Sprayer Figure 90 Asphalt/Concrete Saw Figure 91 - Quickie Saw Figure 92 - Tile Cutter 45

49 Figure 93 - Crew Trailer Figure 94 - Excavator/Backhoe Figure 95 - Shoring & Trailer Figure 96 - Truck 46

50 Figure 97 - Front End Loader Figure 98 - Hydraulic Tamper [excavator attachment] Figure 99 - Vibratory Compactor Figure Handheld Plate Tamper 47

51 Figure 101 Hacksaw Materials Figure PVC Sewer Pipes Figure Straight Coupler 48

52 Figure Transition Coupler Figure Short 22.5 Elbow Figure Long 22.5 Elbow Figure Short 45 Elbow 49

53 Figure Long 45 Elbow Figure Treated Blocks Figure Cleaning Rags Figure 111 Service Saddle with Clamps 50

54 Table of Figures FIGURE 1 - SEWER CLEANING RECORD OF SERVICE... 2 FIGURE 2 - CLEARANCES AND LOCATIONS WORK GROUP... 3 FIGURE 3 - DAILY WORK SHEET... 3 FIGURE 4 - DAILY WORK SHEET SECTION A... 4 FIGURE 5 - DAILY WORK SHEET SECTION B... 5 FIGURE 6 - DAILY WORK SHEET SECTION C... 5 FIGURE 7 PUBLIC WORKS STORES... 6 FIGURE 8 - APWA COLOUR CODES... 6 FIGURE 9 - TRAILER LOCATION... 7 FIGURE 10 - PICTURE OF SITE... 7 FIGURE 11 CUTTING ASPHALT... 8 FIGURE 12 RECYCLING... 8 FIGURE 13 - SHORING ON TRAILER... 9 FIGURE 14 - EXCAVATING... 9 FIGURE 15 - SLOPING THE EXCAVATION WALLS FIGURE 16 - EXCAVATION WIDTH CALCULATION FIGURE 17 - EXCAVATION WITH SHORING FIGURE 18 SPOIL PILE FIGURE 19 - FEELING ROD FIGURE 20 - SUPPORTED UTILITY FIGURE 21 - EXCAVATOR/BACKHOE ON FIRE FIGURE 22 - TRUCK CONTACTING OVERHEAD POWER LINES FIGURE 23 DANGER ZONE FIGURE 24 - TRENCH CAVE-IN FIGURE 25 - SHORING ON TRAILER FIGURE 26 - SHORING BEING LIFTED OFF THE TRAILER FIGURE 27 - SHORING INSTALLATION FIGURE 28 SHORING WITH ENDPLATES FIGURE 29 - ENTERING EXCAVATION FIGURE 30 - THREE POINT CONTACT FIGURE 31 - CURB STOP FIGURE 32 - SEWER CONNECTION FIGURE 33 - HOLE IN PIPE FIGURE 34 - TILE CUTTERS FIGURE 35 - HACKSAW FIGURE 36 - TILE CUTTERS FIGURE 37 - STAND PIPE FIGURE 38 - REMOVE PIPE FIGURE 39 - RAG IN PIPE FIGURE 40 - INSPECT SEWER PIPE FIGURE 41 - CLEAN PIPE FIGURE 42 - CONNECTING ELBOWS FIGURE 43 - STRAIGHT COUPLER FIGURE 44 - TRANSITION COUPLER FIGURE 45 - INSTALL COUPLER FIGURE 46 - COUPLER INSTALLED FIGURE ELBOW FIGURE AND 22.5 ELBOWS FIGURE 49 - SEWER SERVICE SADDLE FIGURE 50 - SERVICE SADDLE GASKET FIGURE 51 - SERVICE SADDLE ON PIPE FIGURE 52 - SERVICE SADDLE CLAMP FIGURE 53 - SERVICE SADDLE STRAP FIGURE 54 - SERVICE SADDLE INSTALLED FIGURE 55 - MEASURE PIPE LENGTH FIGURE 56 - PIPE FOUNDATION FIGURE 57 - POSITIVE PIPE GRADE FIGURE 58 - CUTTING PIPE FIGURE 59 - INSERTING PIPE FIGURE 60 - ALIGNING THE COUPLER FIGURE 61 - PIPE NIPPLE FIGURE 62 - TIGHTEN COUPLER FIGURE 63 - PIPE BEDDING FIGURE 64 - BACKFILLING SEWER CONNECTION FIGURE 65 - BACKFILL FIGURE 66 - NON-SHRINK BACKFILL

55 FIGURE 67 - BACKFILLING WITH SHOVEL FIGURE 68 - BACKFILL MATERIAL FIGURE 69 - COMPACTOR FIGURE 70 - HYDRAULIC TAMPER (EXCAVATOR ATTACHMENT) FIGURE 71 - WALK BEHIND VIBRATORY COMPACTOR FIGURE 72 - HANDHELD PLATE TAMPER FIGURE 73 - EXCAVATOR/BACKHOE BACKFILLING FIGURE 74 - FINISHED BACKFILL FIGURE 75 - DISINFECTANT APPLICATOR FIGURE 76 - DISINFECTING FIGURE 77 TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES FIGURE 78 - SITE RESTORATION FIGURE 79 - FEELING ROD FIGURE 80 - TUNNELLING SHOVEL FIGURE 81 SHOVELS FIGURE 82 BROOM FIGURE 83 - SCRAPER FIGURE 84 - RASP / FILE FIGURE 85 - NUT DRIVER FIGURE 86 - FLATHEAD SCREWDRIVER FIGURE 87 - SLEDGE HAMMER FIGURE 88 - PICK AXE FIGURE 89 - DISINFECTANT SPRAYER FIGURE 90 ASPHALT/CONCRETE SAW FIGURE 91 - QUICKIE SAW FIGURE 92 - TILE CUTTER FIGURE 93 - CREW TRAILER FIGURE 94 - EXCAVATOR/BACKHOE FIGURE 95 - SHORING & TRAILER FIGURE 96 - TRUCK FIGURE 97 - FRONT END LOADER FIGURE 98 - HYDRAULIC TAMPER [EXCAVATOR ATTACHMENT] FIGURE 99 - VIBRATORY COMPACTOR FIGURE HANDHELD PLATE TAMPER FIGURE 101 HACKSAW FIGURE PVC SEWER PIPES FIGURE STRAIGHT COUPLER FIGURE TRANSITION COUPLER FIGURE SHORT 22.5 ELBOW FIGURE LONG 22.5 ELBOW FIGURE SHORT 45 ELBOW FIGURE LONG 45 ELBOW FIGURE TREATED BLOCKS FIGURE CLEANING RAGS FIGURE 111 SERVICE SADDLE WITH CLAMPS

56 Index B Backfill, 35, 36 C Coupler, 48, 49 E Endplates, 16 excavation, 6, 7, 10, 15, 17 Excavator/Backhoe, 46 F feeling rod, 12 Feeling Rod, 12, 42 M manhole, 10 N Nut Driver, 44 S Safety, 13 shoring, 15, 17 Shoring, 9, 11, 15, 16, 46 slope, 10 T Tamper, 47 H hand tools, 17 53