Cable Modems. Programmable Solutions for the Broadcast Industry

Transcription

1 Cable Modems Programmable Solutions for the Broadcast Industry

2 The Cable Modem Device that allows high-speed data access to the home Modulates/demodulates data signals Delivers Internet data to the desktop at broadband speeds (>1Mbps possible) Uses the increased bandwidth of fibre or hybrid fibre/coaxial (HFC) cable instead of ordinary phone line Can be part modem, part tuner, part encryption/ decryption device, part bridge, part router, part NIC card, part SNMP agent, part Ethernet hub Cable Modems 2

3 Market Accelerators/Inhibitors + Accelerators Increasing popularity of of the the Internet Increasing demand for for high high speed access to to Internet Increasing availability of of multimedia & interactive applications Increasing use use of of cable cable modem services by by small small businesses and and SOHOs Growth in in telecommuting Increased deployment of of hybrid fibre fibre coax coax systems Inhibitors Limited availability of of cable cable modem services to to residential and and business customers Speed decrease due due to to shared nature of of cable cable modem services Relatively expensive cost cost of of service, equipment purchase and and installation Competition from from ADSL services Concerns over over data data security Limited choices of of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) due due to to fight fight over over open open access Cable Modems 3

4 Connection to the CMTS Cable Modem connected to TV outlet for cable TV Cable TV operator connects a Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) at the headend CMTS is a central device for connecting cable TV network to data network (e.g. Internet) Cable Modems 4

5 At the Customer Premise Set Top Box Cable Channel One to Two Splitter RF Tuner QAM Demodulator Cable Modem PCs QPSK/QAM Modulator MAC Data and Control Logic Xilinx Memory CPU Non-Xilinx Mixed Signal Embedded Logic Cable Modems 5

6 DOCSIS Cable Modem SRAM Tuner PGA SAW LPF DOCSIS Transceiver DOCSIS MAC Memory Interface Main CPU Network Bridge 10/100 Ethernet USB HPNA Xilinx Memory CPU Non-Xilinx Mixed Signal Embedded Logic RAM Flash DOCSIS - Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification Dominant standard defining interfaces for both cable modem and CMTS Also known as CableLabs Certified Cable Modem project DOCSIS2.0 product rollout has just started Euro-DOCSIS meets different requirements of European market Cable Modems 6

7 Evolving into the Gateway Analog I/F AGC SAW ADC FEC Memory Spartan-3 FPGA Clock Gen & DLLs 10/100 Ethernet MAC MI USB Device Controller Home PNA PHY 10/100 Ethernet PHY USB Transceiver Tuner QAM Demod FEC Decoder Decryption Conditional Access DMA DMA Interrupt Controller & Central Arbiter 8/16/32-bit Microcontroller Cable MAC/SAR Flash Controller SRAM Controller Flash SDRAM DAC QAM/16QAM Modulator FEC Encoder Encryption SDRAM Controller IP Telephony SRAM Xilinx Memory CPU IP Security Direct TDM CODEC I/F Non-Xilinx Mixed Signal Embedded Cable Modems 7

8 Issues and Challenges Integrating different standards Broadband access Home networking System interfaces Evolving home networking specifications Supporting different memory and storage types Content protection/encryption EMI signal management Power management Competitive pressures to bring new features rapidly to market In the field bug fixes and feature enhancements Supply chain management Overall cost management Each can be addressed with Xilinx solutions Cable Modems 8

9 Peripheral Interfacing and System Bridging Ethernet USB Memory Memory Card Modem Main Processor or Embedded up Xilinx FPGA HDD Bluetooth A/D Interface features to the host processor Quickly add new capabilities to existing products Cable Modems 9

10 Bridging Disparate Protocols Broadband Access Technology xdsl Cable ISDN Satellite Fixed Wireless Ethernet V.90 Modem FTTH CoolRunner-II and Spartan-3 are perfect solutions to bridge disparate chipsets Internal Residential Gateway Bus PCI ISA PCMCIA VME Cardbus I 2 C Rapid I/O SPI Ethernet/MII UART USB Pick your I/F Xilinx CPLD or FPGA Home Networking Technology HPNA HomePlug Bluetooth HomeRF IEEE b HiperLAN2 USB 2.0 IEEE 1394 Ethernet IEEE a HPNA 2.0 Etc.. Cable Modems 10

11 Storage Reference Designs PCMCIA Card-side (Spartan & CPLD) Host-side (Spartan only) CompactFlash+ Card-side (Spartan & CPLD) Host-side (Spartan only) SD/MMC Card-side (Spartan & CPLD) Host-side (Spartan only) IDE/ATA Host-side only (Spartan) PCMCIA SD Card Multimedia Card Memory Stick Hard Disk Drive Compact Flash Cable Modems 11

12 Evolving Specifications Home networking technologies continue to emerge Wireless LANs - IEEE to IEEE802.11b to IEEE802.11a Powerlines - CEBus, LONWork, CSMA/CD, X-10, Plug in,. Home networking specifications continue to evolve HomePNA v2.0 released earlier this year (10Mbps) A 40Mbps specification is already in the works HomeRF SWAP v1.3 spec is already out With Bluetooth spec 1.1 out Bluetooth SIG is already developing 2Mbps and 10Mbps spec FPGAs provide the flexibility to support continuously evolving specs - reprogramming the FPGA with minor updates Splintered product volumes challenge the amortization in creating an ASIC Cable Modems 12

13 Supporting Fast Memory Types Cable modems use different memory types SRAM - ZBT, QDR (currently 200MHz speeds) DRAM - DDR, SDRAM (currently 200MHz speeds) Flash - NAND, NOR Some boxes use multiple memories in the same gateway Interfacing to the different memories requires high speed interfaces and memory controller IP Require discrete level translators Extra cost and more board area using standard translator devices Cable Modems 13

14 Supporting Fast Memory Types Spartan-3 FPGAs Unique and extensive features, flexible architecture 24 high speed interfaces supported HSTL I, III, IV for high speed SRAM SSTL2, SSTL3 for SDRAM Eliminates external translators Lower cost, higher performance, less board space Comprehensive memory controller IP & reference design portfolio for interface to SRAM, DRAM, flash memory Xilinx provides FREE VHDL source code for implementing the memory controllers in Spartan-3 Accelerates time-to-market Cable Modems 14

15 Memory Controller Reference Designs DRAM reference designs 64-bit DDR DRAM controller 16-bit DDR DRAM controller SDRAM controller SRAM reference designs ZBT SRAM controller QDR SRAM controller Flash controller (FPGAs/CPLDs) NOR / NAND flash controller Embedded memory reference designs CAM for ATM applications CAM using shift registers CAM using Block SelectRAM Data-width conversion FIFO Embedded FIFOs in Virtex-4 High speed FIFO for Spartan-3 Download from from xilinx.com/memory Cable Modems 15

16 Content Protection/Encryption Cable modems and residential gateways require conditional access for downloading material and firewall security Authenticating the source of the information Data privacy/encryption (integrity and secrecy) Several standard & proprietary encryption algorithms exist RSA, Diffie-Hellman, RC4/RC5, SHA, Blowfish, elliptic curves, ElGamal, Lucas Sequence, DES, triple-des, AES Lack of consensus between companies on the encryption schemes and their implementation is leading to chaos Gateways require different encryption algorithms for different applications These keep changing as well! Cable Modems 16

17 Content Protection - Significant Value Add Spartan-3 encryption solutions are NIST approved Programmable nature allows easy customization and improved flexibility Hardware-based solutions provide higher performance - software can t keep up! Note: Solution includes encryption, decryption and key generation * 128-bit key implementation ** Key Generation offloaded to embeddedμc/ μp Cable Modems 17

18 Cost Management Through System Integration Spartan-3 FPGA Replacing discrete parts Dual port memory/ FIFO Clock buffers Localized clock drivers DLLs Level translators Hot socketing Schmitt triggers TTL devices Backplane drivers Board deskew Benefits Cost savings Fewer components Board area savings Higher reliability Less EMI issues Cable Modems 18

19 Managing Supply Chain Issues Eliminate manufacturing lines down due to component shortage Example 1: Streaming hard-disk drives Employing FPGAs for HDD controllers allows dual sourcing of multiple hard disk drives for residential gateways Example 2: Supporting NAND and NOR flash memory types Implementing flash controller in FPGAs allows flexibility of choice depending on immediate market availability and cost Cable Modems 19

20 Internet Reconfigurable Logic (IRL) Remote update of software and hardware Get your Customers to Market Early Fix a bug Enhance Performance Ensure Compatibility Cable Modems 20

21 Value of Remote Upgrades Adds key differentiation between competitive products Future-proofs your products Enables instant compliance to new standards Continuous improvement Results in increased lifetime for the gateway Enable product features per end-user needs Large bottom line impact Reduce maintenance costs New Internet-based revenue opportunities Increased market share Get in earlier and stay in longer Develop customer loyalty ASSPs/ASICs cannot provide this capability Cable Modems 21

22 Low Cost Packaging Options QFG32 (5 x 5mm) CP56 (6 x 6mm) CS48 (7 x 7mm) VQ100 (16 x 16mm) FT256 (17 x 17mm) PC44 (17.5 x 17.5mm) FG320 (19 x 19mm) FG400 (21 x 21mm) TQ144 (22 x 22mm) FG484 (23 x 23mm) PQ208 (30.6 x 30.6mm) FF1760 (42.5 x 42.5mm) Pb-Free Packaging Available Cable Modems 22

23 Time-to-Market Value Revenue Fastest Time-to-Market 1 st to Market Profit Additional Profit from Field Upgrades Reduced Profit for Late Introduction Longest Time-in-Market Time Quicker time-to-market and reprogrammability provide the best chance of achieving full product profit potential Cable Modems 23

24 Xilinx Cable Modem Solutions Xilinx provides significant value when used to interface various ASSPs together Resolving differences in interface control signals Bridging between disparate network protocols No need to wait for an ASSP re-spin to get you to market In-system programming capability of Xilinx devices speeds time-to-market and increases time-in-market Features can be remotely upgraded/added while product is in the field Cable Modems 24

25 Xilinx Cable Modem Solutions Cable modems expected to grow into residential gateways Spartan-3 FPGAs provide rapid system integration and interconnectivity to multiple home networking interfaces Save money! Xilinx offers low cost FPGAs and CPLDs System integration lowers BOM and board costs Remove the hidden costs of supply management Recoup investments quicker with in-system programming and Internet reconfigurability Cable Modems 25

26 Xilinx in the Broadcast Chain Gamma Correction Codecs Scaling/Resampling Colour Space Network Interfacing Chip Interfacing Video Filtering Effects (Wipe/Key) Memory Control FEC/Modulation System Control Cable Modems 26

27 Real Time HD/Multichannel DSP Highest performance on-chip DSP blocks, multipliers and memory Reduce size of DSP farms Support real time HD processing Support multiple channels of SD processing through resource sharing Reduce cost-per-channel for FEC and modulation Mode Adapt Stream Adapt BCH Medium Access Controller (PowerPC) + = DVB-S2 FEC & Modulation FEC LDPC Interleave Mapper Framing Modulator Gigabit Network Interface Cable Modems 27

28 Cost Effective Connectivity Significant cost-per-channel reductions Portfolio of audio/video connectivity solutions SDI, HD-SDI and DVB-ASI Video-over-IP Wide range of general telecom, datacom and backplane solutions available Ethernet, PCI Express, ATM, Fibre Channel, SONET, SPI RapidIO, HyperTransport SDI Equalizer $10 SDI Equalizer $10 SDI Equalizer $10 SDI Equalizer $10 Xilinx Spartan-3 FPGA XC3S $40 ~70% ~70% cheaper cheaper than than ASSP ASSP SDI SDI solutions! solutions! Cable Modems 28

29 Flexible Embedded Processing PicoBlaze PicoBlaze Microcontroller 8-bit Microcontroller Simple state-machines and localised on-chip control Pixel processing & display control MicroBlaze & PowerPC Processors 32-bit Microprocessors Cost/performance tradeoffs Extensive peripherals, RTOS & bus structures Networking & wireless comms, control & instrumentation GbE MAC GbE MAC Buffer Filter Remapper PowerPC VxWorks O/S Data Path Ctrl LVDS Backplane I/F Baseband Processing Cable Modems 29

30 Xilinx in Broadcast Programmable Solutions for the Broadcast Industry Interfaces & Connectivity Codecs Video & Audio Processing Transmission & Reception End Applications More info on a wide range of applications and technologies Cable Modems 30