ICONE A NEW METHOD FOR EVALUATION AND CORRECTION OF THERMAL REACTOR POWER AND PRESENT OPERATIONAL APPLICATIONS

Transcription

1 Pceedngs f ICONE13 13 h Inenanal Cnfeence n Nuclea Engneeng Ma 16-2, 25, Bejng, Chna ICONE A NEW METHOD FOR EVALUATION AND CORRECTION OF THERMAL REACTOR POWER AND PRESENT OPERATIONAL APPLICATIONS D. Segfed Se Seasanplaz 7, 13 Wen, Ausa e-mal: sesegfed@sufeu.a, Tel.: D. Magnus Langensen, D. Bend Lapple BTB-Jansk mh, elngesasse 151, D Leneg, eman Tel.: Dpl.-Ing. Hs Eschege/NPP Lesad (KKL), CH-5325 Lesad, Swzeland e-mal: hs.eschege@kkl.ch, Tel.: ABSTRACT The deemnan f he hemal eac pwe s adnall e dne hea alance f a lng wae eac (BWR) a he neface f eac cnl vlume and hea ccle f a pessused-wae eac (PWR) a he neface f he seam genea cnl vlume and une sland n he secnda sde The uncean f hese adnal mehds s n eas deemne and can e n he ange f seveal pecen. Techncal and legal egulans (e.g. 1CFR5) cve an esmaed e f nsumenan up 2% nceasng he desgn hemal eac pwe f emegenc analss 12 % f he lcensed hemal eac pwe. Bascall he lcensee has he du waan a an me pean nsde he analzed egn f hemal eac pwe. Ths s nmall dne keepng he ndcaed eac pwe a he lcensed 1% value. The ee wa s use a mehd whch allws a cnnuus waan evaluan. The quanfcan f he level f fulflmen f hs waan s nl achevale a mehd whch Hee hs mehd, whch s called pcess daa ecnclan ased n VDI 248 gudelne, s pesened [1, 2]. Ths mehd allws deemne he ue pcess paamees wh a sascal pal f 95%, cnsdeng clsed maeal, mass- and eneg alances fllwng he aussan cecn pncple. The amun f edundan pcess nfman and cmplex f he pcess mpves he fnal esuls. Ths epesens he ms pale sae f he pcess wh mnmzed uncean accdng VDI 248. Hence, calan and cnl f he hemal eac pwe ae pssle wh lw eff u hgh accuac and ndependen f sngle measuemen accuaces. Fuhe me, VDI 248 desces he qual cnl f mpan pcess paamee. Appled he hemal eac pwe, he sascal cean f waanng he allwale value can e quanfed. Ths quanfcan allws keepng a safe magn n ageemen wh he auh. Ths pape pesens he peanal applcan f hs mehd a an peang plan and desces he addnal use f pcess daa ecnclan f accepance ess, ssem and cmpnen dagnss. s ndependen f sngle measuemens accuaces esuls n a cefed qual f sngle pcess values and f he al hea ccle analss leads cmplee esuls ncludng 2-sgma devan especall f hemal eac pwe 1 Cpgh 25 ASME

2 INTRODUCTION The deemnan f hemal eac pwe s adnall e dne hea alance. The uncean can e n he ange f seveal pecen caused nsumenan es. Techncal and legal egulans (e.g. 1CFR5) cve an esmaed e up 2% nceasng he analzed aea f emegenc clng analss 12 % f he lcensed hemal eac pwe, see Fgue 1. measuemen devces ncludng sens chaacescs, amplfe, cale lnks, dgzng ccus and s n. The hee desced mehd s ndependen f all f hese unknwn and n cnllale nfluences. The hea alance s dne use f mul edundan nfman f peanal measuemen devces. The fulfllmen f eneg- and massalance ncludes a qual cnl f he esuls. Thus a cnadcn fee hea alance s waaned wh an cnnuus accuac f au ±.5% f hemal eac pwe. Ppsal f applcan f new mehd The auhs ppse a lcense mehd f evaluan f hemal eac pwe ased n daa ecnclan accdng VDI 248 whch he pea has demnsae wha amun he s usde he n analzed aea. I s accdng pesen paxs when he pea can pve an me, ha he s wh a pal f geae han 97.5 % usde he n analzed aea (cmpae APPENDI 1 + 2). The auhs undesand he evaluan f hemal eac pwe pcess daa ecnclan as a cnnuus waan measuemen wh a quanfed hgh accuac whch culd e easl cnlled he auhes. Fgue 1: Pal Dens Dsun f dffeen unceanes Benefs f he Auhes A cnnuusl quanfed magn he peanal lms f hemal eac pwe s ease cnl and pvdes clea ceas f nspecns. Benefs f he Opeas The smalle he uncean f hemal eac pwe s, he me magn he can use f peang a a hghe eac pwe level a he same level f safe. Ths mehd pas f self and assues a hgh level f safe. Thee s n lnge a need f expensve calan pcedues he expensve and dse ae elaed ess. Fgue 2: Cumulave Pal Dens Dsun Fgue 2 shws ha an uncean (2σ) f ± 2% leads a pal f 97.5% ha he hemal eac pwe s nsde he analzed aea. I s eas shw ha lage unceanes alwas fal a hghe degee he waan e nsde he analzed aea. F an uncean f 3% hee s nl 9% waan f eng nsde he analzed aea. Unl da he cmmn saeg f deemnan f hemal eac pwe s ased n sngle paamee measuemens wh an as hgh as pssle (u n knwn) accuac. Ths can e acheved sae f he a calan f flw nzzles ncludng ace measuemens f al feed wae mass flw mplemenan f ulasnc measuemen devces wh a sphscaed sfwae evaluan. The dsadvanage f all hese mehds s he unknwn aslue accuac f he feld measuemen and he unknwn develpmen f he accuac f THEORETICAL BASIS aussan cecn pncple The advanages f usng he cecn calculan ae: qual cnl deecn f seus es he esul cnfdence neval s he lwes pssle and ndependen f he calculan mehd (cmpae APPENDI 3) As desced n [1] cecns v ae made he measued values x accdng equan (1), n de an esmaed values (ecncled values) x. x = x + v (1) 2 Cpgh 25 ASME

3 The cecns v mus e deemned such ha he quadac e fm ξ T -1 = v S v mn (2) ecmes a mnmum and he mplc auxla cndns f ( x + v) = f ( x) = (3) ae fulflled wh he ecncled values. These auxla cndns ae smple laws f phscs, lke he pncples f he cnsevan f mass eneg smple elanshps fm chems, e.g. he laws f schme. The measued values x wll n sasf hese auxla cndns u, as a esul f he nevale andm measuemen devans, lead cnadcns. Snce he ue values sasf he auxla cndns, hs s als demanded f he esmaed values (ecncled values) x. The nsucns f calculang he vec f he nncnadc esmaed values (ecncled values) x fm he vec f he measued values x. can e fmulaed as fllws x = x + v S = x S F ( F S F f ( x T T 1 ) ) (4) empcal cvaance max f measued values x f F = Funcnal max f he auxla cndns x f (x) Vec f cnadcns f he measued values x The cvaance max S V f cecns v and he cvaance max S f nn-cnadc esmaed values (ecncled values) x s aned wh: S = S = S S S V F T ( F S F T ) 1 F S The esul vaales calculaed fm hese esmaed values (ecncled values) x and he cvaance max S have he lwes pssle measuemen unceanes, ndependenl f he chsen calculan pcedue (e.g. dec ndec mehd), and hs faclaes he es pssle assessmen f cmplance wh he guaaneed values Qual cnl and deecng suspeced ags (seus es) F he geneal assessmen f he measued values x (acqued daa) he fllwng apples: (5) ξ = v T S -1 v = f ( x) ( F S T F ) 1 f ( x) Wh a sascal cean f p = 95%, ξ s n geae han 2 he 95% quanle f he χ dsun fm he degee f feedm (nume f auxla cndns) e fund n sascal ales. If he cndn 2 ξ χ,95% (7) s n sasfed, he acqued daa (measued values x) mus e ejeced ecause he cnadcns ae gea. Ths geneall apples f he acual devans fm he ue value µ n he case f cean measued values x fall usde he gven cnfdence anges. These excessve devans can heefe e suspeced n cases whee he cecn calculan n accdance wh Eq.(4) had make mpvemens v he measued values x whch fall usde he cnfdence anges. Accdng he expecan f he mpvemen (6) E ( ) = (8) v he magnude f cecn v s wh a sascal cean f p = 95% n geae han he cnfdence ange e calculaed fm he asscaed elemen f he man dagnal f he cvaance max S V f he mpvemens. The cvaance max S V mus e deemned usng Eq.(5). If he cndn ν s ν, 1.96 (9) s n sasfed, he asscaed measued value esmaed value f he asscaed vaance s 2 x, f he, mus e queed. In hs wa s pssle an n nl a geneal assessmen f he acqued daa, u als specfc pnes whee seus es seusl naccuae esmaes f he measuemen accuac can e fund. T elmnae he seus e suspeced n measued value x, s helpful knw whch measued values x k he measued value x manl cnflcs wh. These ae he measued values f hse measued vaales whch have ecme sujec a sng schasc dependence as a esul f he cecn calculan. The celan ceffcen calculaed fm he cvaance max S V s a measue f he schasc dependence. Accdng hs, s manl hse measued values x whch als have e examned f whch k 3 Cpgh 25 ASME

4 sv, k V, k = 1 (1) sv, sv, kk hlds,.e. he magnude f he empcal celan ceffcen calculaed fm he cvaance max f he mpvemens S V has a cnsdeale value. Assessmen f he fulfllmen f a guaanee As desced n [1] he measued vaales ae andm vaales n he pncples f mahemacal sascs, s pssle cnclude fm he unceanes he sascal cean (pal) wh whch he guaaneed chaacescs ae n fac fulflled. Example: uaanee f a fxed maxmum value [1] Le us assume ha g(x) s a sngle value f a chaacesc esul vaale (e.g. hea cnsumpn) deemned fm measued values, whee he expeced value (ue value) f hs esul µ s unknwn. F hs chaacesc esul vaale he manufacue pmses a fxed maxmum value, whch means ha he ue value µ s knwn. Wh knwledge f he ue values, an exac assessmen f he fulflmen f he guaanee culd e undeaken wh µ µ (11) whch s equvalen µ µ = (12) µ The cmpasn funcn g( x) = µ g( x) (13) meel calculaes a sngle value f a andm vaale = µ (14) whse ue value defned wh µ s unknwn and whse vaance s σ = σ (15) B emplng he sandadzed devan fm he ue value µ σ (16) s pssle make he saemen µ P np = p σ (17) whee n p s he p quanle f he nmal dsun. B nseng Eqs.(12),(14) and (15) and ansfmng he agumen, ne ans ( + n σ ) p P µ (18) p = Fm hs equan s pssle deved a saemen n he pal wh whch he guaanee s fulflled n accdance wh Eq.(11). Fm + σ = µ (19) n p fllws n p µ = (2) σ B emplng he dsun funcn f he nmal dsun Φ 2 x 1 2 ( x) = e 2π ne ans he saemen P d ( µ µ ) = Φ n ) = Φ p (21) µ ( p (22) σ = Appled he sngle value g(x) f he andm vaale and he esmaed value f he vaance aned wh 2 g( x) g( x) s = S (23) x x ne ans wh µ g(x) P( µ µ ) = Φ = p s (24) a saemen n he pal wh whch he guaaneed value s fulflled. I s evden ha he saemen f pal ecmes me pecse, he geae he esul f he agumen n Eq.(24),.e. he smalle he vaance s. F he assessmen f he fulflmen f a guaanee, he nn-cnadc esmaed 4 Cpgh 25 ASME

5 values (ecncled values) x and he cvaance max S shuld e empled as hese suppl he smalles pssle vaance. Use f he assessmen f fulfllmen f a guaanee n he assessmen f he maxmum hemal eac pwe Le us assume ha P h ( x) s he hemal eac pwe deemned fm measued values, and = ( 2 Ph x) Ph ( x) s P S (25) h x x he pal, ha he hemal eac pwe s lwe han he maxmum leale hemal eac pwe P s gven wh hmax P P P( P P ) = Φ ( hmax h x) h hmax = p (26) s Ph I s evden ha hs saemen f pal ecmes me pecse, he geae he esul f he agumen n Eq.(26),.e. he smalle he vaance s P h. F he assessmen f he fulflmen f hs cndn, he nn-cnadc esmaed values (ecncled values) x and he cvaance max S shuld e empled as hese suppl he smalles pssle vaance. Wh he nvese funcn f he dsun funcn f he nmal dsun, ne ans fm he ave equan he hemal eac pwe wh whch he cndn Ph P hmax (27) wh a gven sascal cean P h ( ) p gven s eached: 1 = Phmax s P Φ p gven (28) h I s evden ha hemal eac pwe, whch fulfls Eq.(27) wh a gven sascal cean ecmes he hghe, he smalle he vaance sp h s. Theefe he nn-cnadc esmaed values (ecncled values) x and he cvaance max S shuld e empled as hese suppl he smalles pssle vaance. Numecal Example The hemal eac pwe P h ( x) s deemned fm measued values (Numes ave 2 n he ccu dagam n APPENDI 4). Themal eac capac [MW] Value +-Cnf95% LS afe eac Sm cmpnn LS afe eac W cmpnn Inle eac W cleanng Oule eac W cleanng Feedwae ef eac Cnl d clng nne pwe cculang pump Hea lss eac Sum The evaluan f Eqs.( 26) and (28) elds a pal f % f fulfllng he uppe lm f 12 %. T have a cean f 99. %, ha he hemal eac pwe s lwe han he maxmum leale hemal eac pwe, n hs example he eac shuld e un a MW whch s lwe han he nmnal hemal capac (cmpae APPENDI 1). As explaned n VDI 248 he uncean f he measued values dung measuemens ae ased essenall n plausle assumpns au he unknwn ssemac devans n measuemen.(e.g. echncal ules). Whu addnal cnls, n pf f he cecness f hese plausle assumpns and hus f he qual f measuemens s heefe pssle..ths can e dne means f cecn calculan (cmpae APPENDI 3). The hemal eac pwe deemned fm he nncnadc esmaed values (ecncled values) x elds Themal eac capac [MW] Value +-Cnf95% LS afe eac Sm cmpnn LS afe eac W cmpnn Inle eac W cleanng Oule eac W cleanng Feedwae ef eac Cnl d clng nne pwe cculang pump Hea lss eac Sum The evaluan f Eqs.( 26) and (28) wh nn-cnadc esmaed values (ecncled values) x elds a pal f 1 % f fulfllng he uppe lm f 12 %. T have a cean f 99. %, ha he hemal eac pwe s lwe han he maxmum leale hemal eac pwe, n hs example he eac can e un a MW whch s hghe han he nmnal hemal capac (cmpae APPENDI 2). PRESENT OPERATIONAL APPLICATION OF DATA RECONCILIATION FOR EVALUATION AND CORRECTION OF THERMAL REACTOR POWER Lesad Nuclea Pwe Plan (KKL) s a BWR 6/238 Mak III wh a lcensed hemal eac pwe f 36 MW. Tda a KKL he mehd f mnng and evaluang hemal eac pwe s emedded n a Tal Qual Managemen (TQM) pcess wh clea cea f acns. Thee ae w paallel and ndependen pcesses: 5 Cpgh 25 ASME

6 The pea uses he nfman au he plan saus pcess cmpue, cha ecdes and nsumens. Because he hemal eac pwe s ased n a hea alance ncludng seveal ndependen paamees, hs value s dgall avalale. Thee s a dspla f he acual hemal eac pwe and sceens wh addnal ends f 1 mn and 6 mn mean values. The pea has cnl he eac pwe hs nfman whch esuls fm sandad pcessng f hea alance paamees. In paallel hul mean values f pcess paamees ae clleced and ecncled. The esuls f hs analss s pedcall checked a hemal pefmance engnee. An vus devan f hemal pefmance wuld e eped pean. Devans f he ndcaed eac pwe and he ecncled value ae analsed and fund ssemac devans f nsumenan es wee ceced. In he fllwng a sample f he cecn mehd s pesened. Fgue 3 shws he vew f peas and n paallel f hemal pefmance engneeng. The pea keeps he ndcaed hemal eac pwe a he allwed level f 36 MW = 1%. The hemal pefmance engnee deecs a emakale dffeence eween ndcaed and ecncled hemal eac pwe f au 1 MW =.28 %. KKL s TQM eques acn a laes a a devan f 5 MW hemal pwe. In hs sample he cause f he devan s vusl an e n he feed wae flw measuemen and a mn devan f feed wae empeaue. Fgue 4 Fs cecve acn Nw he pea can un he plan accdng pcedue and wll keep 1 % pwe as ndcaed. I mgh e ha sngle sgnals mgh shw a dffeence eween ndcaed and ecncled. Tha s nl a mn esdual e. The jecve shuld e, ha he medan value f hemal pwe equals he ndcaed value. Ths s accdng pesen gudelnes f he auhes ( see Fgue 5). Fgue 5 Afe cecve acn Expeence a KKL A 2σ-value f au.5% s sandad f ecncled hemal eac pwe a KKL. The magn agans he nn analzed egn ave 12 % pwe can cleal e quanfed. Fgue 3 Pcess f pean and ecnclan The decsn wuld e made cec he feed wae flw measuemen wk de and leave he empeaue as s. The jecve s, ha ndcaed hemal pwe shuld e equal ecncled hemal pwe. Such small changes f sgnals culd pefeal e dne a he pcess cmpue wh dgsed values. If hee s a lage devan f nsumens, fs a sandad hadwae calan wuld have een dne. Fgue 4 shws he saus afe he cecn. Such cecns wee dne a KKL w hee mes a ea f mn devans han hee pesened. The maj f causes f cecn was eneus nsumenan. Ms f he sgnals ae lng-em sale f he ae n uched. ADDITIONAL USE OF PROCESS DATA RECONCILIATION The pcess daa ecnclan [3]-[9], desced n VDI 248 [1][2], s used f ue pcess mnng, pcess pmsan, manenance pmsan, accepance ess and cmpnen dagnss. 6 Cpgh 25 ASME

7 Accepance ess The esuls f accepance ess wh hgh accuae measuemens (cnvennal accepance es) and wh VALI 4 [1] (nl peanal daa wee used) f a lw pessue une ef n he NPP Neckaweshem s shwn n TABLE 1. pwe upae uncean ageed pwe upae ased n DIN 1942/ MW ±,5 % f he measued genea upu (ca. 7 MW) esul f he cnvennal accepance es 3,86 MW wh hgh accuae measuemen daa fm : : esul f he VALI III accepance es 3,94 MW ± 9,3 MW wh peanal daa fm : : TABLE 1 Cmpasn f he esuls f a cnvennal accepance es and an accepance es wh VALI III The VALI 4 ssem can als e used f he accepance es f he clng we ef. In APPENDI 5 he esuls n he egn f he clng we ae shwn. The esuls ae ased n a cmplee VALI 4 mdel f a pessuzed wae eac (PWR) wh pma-, secnda lp and he clng we. Cmpnen dagnss F cmpnen dagnss pcess daa ecnclan s essenal, ecause man mpan pcess daa ae n n cec measued. In Fgue 6 he hea ansfe ceffcen k f sx halfs f hee cndenses wee dsplaed dung a cleanng wh a TAPROE-ssem and ng caed cundum alls. Ths values ae calculaed ased n he hea exchange aea, he lg mean empeaue dffeence (LMTD) and he lad. Fgue 6 Hea ansfe ceffcens k f he cndense-halfs The cnl f he clng we fulng s als pssle. As secnda cndns he chaacescs f he clng we s mplemened n he VALI 4 mdel wh a esmaed uncean. If a fulng ccued, he negaed qual cnl ssem n VALI 4 eveals a nfman whch egn f he clng we s affeced. CONCLUSION Wh pcess daa ecnclan nuclea pwe plans culd hld he ue hemal eac pwe n a ve naw ange. Thus avdng pducn lsses, deecng easl mn changes n he hea ccle and keep a quanfed magn desgned safe lms. In addn, he same pcess daa ecnclan mdel can e used f accepance ess, cmpnen dagnss and f evaluan f necessa manenance acves. The LMTD and he lad self ae calculaed values ased n ecncled values. Q = k A LMTD (29.a) Q& k = A LMTD (29.) k hea ansfe ceffcen Q & lad (ased n ecncled values, fulfl eneg-alance) A hea exchange aea (desgn paamee) LMTD lg mean empeaue dffeence (ased n ecncled values) Fgue 6 eveals, ha he cleanng pcedue pvded a hea ansfe ceffcen ncease. Ths nfman enale pmse he cleanng peds. Same wa s used f dagnss f all peheaes whn he pcess. 7 Cpgh 25 ASME

8 REFERENCES [1] VDI 248 Pa 1, Unceanes f measuemen dung accepance ess n eneg-cnvesn and pwe plans - fundamenals, Oce 2. [2] VDI 248 Pa 2, Unceanes f measuemen dung accepance ess n eneg-cnvesn and pwe plans Examples, especall ef measues, Augus 23 [3] Bckmee U.; Valdeung vn Pzeßdaen n Kafweken VB-Kafweksechnk Issue 9/99 Pages [4] auf E., J. Jansk, M. Langensen; Invesgan f he eal pcess daa n ass f clsed mass and eneg alances n nuclea pwe plans (NPP); SERA-Vl. 9, Safe Engneeng and Rsk Analss , Pages 23-4; eded J.L. Bcc; ASME [5] auf E., Jansk, J., Langensen, M.: Recnclan f pcess daa n nuclea pwe plans (NPPs), 8h Inenanal Cnfeence n Nuclea Engneeng (ICONE) Apl 2-8, 2 Balme, MD USA. [6] Langensen M., J. Jansk: Pcess daa valdan n CCT and nuclea pwe plans, Pape # O3/2, SmRT 16, Washngn DC, Augus 21. [7] Langensen M.: Pcess Daa Recnclan n Nuclea Pwe Plans, EPRI Nuclea Pwe Pefmance Impvemen Semna, Jul 15-16, 22; Saaga Spngs. [8] H. Eschege, M. Neuhause: 1 Yeas Expeence wh Pcess Daa Recnclan a KKL, EPRI Nuclea Pwe Pefmance Impvemen Semna, Jul 15-16, 22; Saaga Spngs. [9] D. Magnus Langensen, D. Jsef Jansk, D. Bend Lapple, Dpl.-Ing. Hs Eschege, Dpl.-Ing. Eehad auf, Dpl.-Ing. Hemann Schalk: FINDIN MEAWATTS IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS WITH PROCESS DATA RECONCILIATION, 12h Inenanal Cnfeence n Nuclea Engneeng (ICONE) Apl 25-29, 24, Alngn, Vgna USA [1] VALI III USER UIDE, BELSIM S.A., Lege, Belgum, Deceme Cpgh 25 ASME

9 Suan whu pcess daa ecnclan ased n VDI Pal f fulflmen f he uppe lm: 98,34% P a l d e n s measued hemal capac eac / nmnal hemal capac eac [%] Suan whu pcess daa ecnclan ased n VDI 248 and he lm, ha he pal f fulflmen mus e 99 % 1.2 P a l d e n s hemal capac eac / nmnal hemal capac eac [%] ed lne: 1 % dashed ed lne: shf f he calculaed hemal eac pwe, f a 99 % pal s defned APPENDI 1 9 Cpgh 25 ASME

10 Suan wh pcess daa ecnclan ased n VDI 248 Pal f fulflmen f he uppe lm:1,% 1.2 P a l d e n s measued hemal capac eac / nmnal hemal capac eac [%] Suan wh pcess daa ecnclan ased n VDI 248 and he lm, ha he pal f fulflmen mus e 99 % 1.2 P a l d e n s hemal capac eac / nmnal hemal capac eac [%] ed lne: 1 % dashed ed lne: shf f he calculaed hemal eac pwe, f a 99 % pal s defned APPENDI 2 1 Cpgh 25 ASME

11 Cnadc measued values x, S Cecn calculan Nn-cnadc cecn values x, S Resul cnfdence neval s dependen n he calculan mehd, as nl a suse f all measued values ae pcessed. Qual cnl Deecn f seus es Resul cnfdence neval s he lwes pssle and ndependen f he calculan mehd, as he cecn values ae aned fm all measued values lnked va he auxla cndns. APPENDI 3: Advanages f usng he cecn calculan CRD RWCU A A A4 A3 A2 A APPENDI 4: Ccu dagam 11 Cpgh 25 ASME

12 APPENDI 5: Resuls n he egn f he clng we 12 Cpgh 25 ASME