Regulatory and Legal Frameworks for Offering Stem Cell Therapies in China. Qi ZHOU, Ph.D. Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences
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1 Regulatory and Legal Frameworks for Offering Stem Cell Therapies in China Qi ZHOU, Ph.D. Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences
2 Stem Cell Clinical Trials in The World Cited from World Stem Cell Report (2012)
3 Cited from World Stem Cell Report (2012)
4
5 Overview of Stem Cell Researches in China
6 Development of stem cell research in China: Funding MOST (Ministry of Science and Technology): 1.2 Billion RMB /5 yr (190 Million USD) CAS (Chinese Academy of Science): 0.94 Billion RMB /5 yr (160 Million USD) NSFC (National Science Foundation of China): 0.7 Billion RMB /5yr (110 Million USD)
7 Development of stem cell research in China: Innovation CAS "Innovation 2020" Stem Cell Research Project Chief scientist: Qi ZHOU Major Objectives: from bench to bedside Duration: Funding: 0.94 Billion RMB ( ) Participated Institutes: Participated Investigators: 110 PI+2800 staff+ Postdoc
8 Development of stem cell research in China: Institutions and Clinical Bases
9 Development of stem cell research in China: Publications Rank Country Paper in 2011 Country Paper from USA 7076 USA China 1983 Germany Germany 1863 Japan Japan 1453 UK UK 1243 China Italy 1115 Italy France 943 France Korea 806 Canada Canada 743 Korea Spain 634 Holland 4040
10 Regulations on Stem Cell Therapy in China
11 Community standards for stem cell clinical research
12 Regulations on stem cell therapy Ethical Guideline & Regulations for Human ES Cell Research in China (Promulgated by the Ministry of Science & Technology and the Ministry of Health, Dec 24, 2003) Regulations for Human ES Cell (Promulgated by the Ministry of Science & Technology and the Ministry of Health, June, 2009) Human ES Cell Research regulation in China (Ministry of Health, Jan,12, 2012)
13 The ISFC Clinical Grade Stem Cell Banking Meeting Best Western Olympic Beijing Hotel, Beijing, China April 16-18, 2008, Beijing
14 Formation of National Stem Cell Research Supervision and Coordination Committee October, 2011
15 Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Industrial Technology Innovation League August, 2011
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17 Guidelines on Quality Control and Preclinical Research of Stem Cell Preparations (Trial) NHFPC CFDA National Health and Family Planning Commission of China NLGCSCS NSCEC China Food and Drug Administration National leading Group of Clinical Stem Cells Study Clinical Base Stem Cell National Stem Cell Experts Committee Clinical Trial
18 Guidelines on Quality Control and Preclinical Research of Stem Cell (Trial) Cell types: ES/iPS/MSC/HSC/ others Progenitor cells or precursor cells Guideline Contents Manipulation process: Isolation, Purification, Culture, Amplification, Modification, Differentiation, Cryopreservation and Resuscitation, In vivo Implantation Others: Resources: Autologous or allogeneic Function :Treatment or prevention
19 Guidelines on Quality Control and Preclinical Research of Stem Cell Preparations (Trial) Security evaluation Validity evaluation Detection of bacteria and fungi Mycoplasma detection (direct culture method, DNA fluorescence staining) Detection of endogenous and exogenous viral agents Reagent detection Cell identification tests Pluripotency of ES(AS) cells Detection of ES(AS) cellspecific markers Cell activity assay Animal model
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21 Conditions and Management of Clinical Base Application NHFPC and CFDA Administration supervision Clinical Base Application Conditions of Clinical base Hospital Qualifications Principal Investigator Third Grade Class A Hospitals Certificate of Qualification and professional qualifications to conduct clinical trials Background knowledge and working experience in clinical trial research of stem cells Comprehensive ability Strong and comprehens ive ability in medical care, teaching and research Stem Cell Quality management and assurance capacity in accordance with clinical trial of stem cell
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23 Management of Stem Cell Clinical Trial Research General Principles Qualification of clinical base Clinical trials approvals and records Clinical trials Rights and interests of donors and receivers Supervision and management Supplementary articles
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25 Procedure of Clinical Trial Research Abort N Clinical Base Y Clinical Trial Stem Cell Project approvals and records Y N Abort Applica tion N Abort LGCSCS of national and province SCEC of national and province Abort N Y Clinical Trial Clinical Trial N Abort Research topic; Research purpose; Basis of setting up the topic; Expected effects; Design of trial; Statistics; Application method, dose, time and course; Criteria of evaluating effectiveness; Case records; Follow-up plan and implementing methods; Sample of case report form, etc.
26 Chinese government is banning illegal stem cell therapies Case 1: CFDA notification on the illegal stem cell therapy conducted by a hospital in Jilin province
27 Chinese government is banning illegal stem cell therapies Case 2: News report on the illegal stem cell therapy conducted by a hospital in Shandong province
28 Chinese government is banning illegal stem cell therapies Report about the punishment on the hospital in case 2.
29 Chinese government is banning illegal stem cell therapies Case 3: News report about the punishment on the illegal stem cell therapy conducted by a clinic in Shanghai
30 Our efforts on promoting stem cell therapy
31 Research Interests Cell reprogramming and differentiation Mechanisms of pluripotency acquirement and maintenance Regenerative medicine
32 Set Up Beijing Stem Cell Bank
33 Establishment of Embryonic Stem Cell Bank Human embryonic stem cell Cell types Derived from fertilized embryos No. of Strains Commonly used 2 Self established 4 Collected 9 Parthenogenic cell line 3 Pathogenic cell line 1 Human ips cell line 57 Human disease derived ips cell line 23 Rhesus monkey stem cell line 1 Macaca fascicularis stem cell Embryonic stem cell 3 ips cell line 1 Rabit embryonic stem cell 1 Rat stem cell Mouse stem cell Embryonic stem cell 10 ips cell line 10 Haploid ES line 13 Embryonic stem cell 21 Nuclear transferred stem cell 26 ips cell line 251 Haploid ES line 19
34 Clinical grade embryonic stem cells Cell Type No. of cell lines Human embryonic stem cell Human adult stem cell Embryonic stem cell 3 Parthenogenic stem cell line Umbilical cord hemopoietic stem cell Adipose-derived stem cell 4 Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell Mesenchymal stem cells Human differentiated cell Human foreskin fibroblast 5
35 Generation of clinical grade pluripotent stem cells from blastocysts A immunosurgery incubation B C D KOSR E Stemedia
36 Characterization of xeno-free hescs OCT4 PI C_P-TJ SOX2 PI SSEA4 PI Oct4 Sox2 Nanog Lin28 Rex1 Gdf3 Gapdh Amylase Ncstn Enolase Osteonectin Gad1 Gfap Gapdh A B C D Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm E EB PAX6 TUJ1
37 Sterility and pathogen testing Virus Types Virus Names Report Gram staining - Endotoxin -* Mycoplasma - bovine virus - porcine virus - Human T-lymphotropic Virus I - Human Immuno Deficiency Virus I - Human Immuno Deficiency Virus II - Human Hepatitus A Virus - Human Hepatitus B Virus - Human Hepatitis C virus - Human polyomavirus (JCV) - Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) - TEM - * Endotoxin was tested negative <0.5EU/L
38 Embryonic stem (ES) cells List of analysis 5.3 PCR assay of pluripotent gene expression: Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Rex1, Klf4 Establishment of clinical grade P40 hes P30 standard with CFDA 6. Pluripotency of ES cells 1. Cell identification tests 6.1 Embryoid Body Differentiation 1.1 Cell morphology Morphology of embryoid body 1.2 Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of embryoid body 1.3 Isoenzyme analysis 1.4 Cell markers (flow cytometry) positive: Oct4, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, PCR analysis of expression of three germ layers differentiation TRA-1-81; negative: SSEA-1 genes (Gad1, Pax6, Enolase, Ostenectin, Ncstn, Afp) in embryoid body 1.5 Species determination and detection of trophoblasts contamination 6.2 Teratoma Formation 1.6 Karyotyping (G-banding counting) Morphology of teratoma 2. Detection of bacteria and fungi Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the three germ layers cells in 3. Mycoplasma detection (direct culture method, DNA fluorescence teratoma staining) 6.3 Ectoderm neural differentiation (Neural stem cells) 4. Detection of endogenous and exogenous viral agents Immunofluorescence of neural differentiation markers (PAX6 4.1 Direct observation of cell culture NESTIN) 4.2 In vitro culture of various passages of cells and hemadsorption test/hemagglutination test PCR of neural differentiation specific genes (Pax6, Nestin, Otx2) 4.3 Animal innoculation Cell telomerase detection after neural differentiation Intracerebral and intraperitoneal injections in sukling mouse 6.4 Mesoderm cardiac Differentiation (cardiac muscle) Intracerebral and intraperitoneal injections in mouse Immunofluorescence of cardiac muscle differentiation markers Intraperitoneal injection in guinea pig (MESP1 ISL1) Intracutaneous and subcutaneous injections in rabbit PCR of cardiac muscle differentiation specific genes (Mesp1, Isl1, 4.4 Chicken embryo innoculation Nkx2-5) 4.5 Detection of special human virus HIV (PCR) Cell telomerase detection cardiac muscle differentiation 6.5 Endoderm differentiation (liver) HBV (PCR) Immunofluorescence of liver differentiation markers (SOX17, HCV (PCR) HNF4A) HCMV (PCR) PCR of liver differentiation specific genes (Sox17, Hnf4a, Afp) EBV (PCR) Cell telomerase detection after liver differentiation Human parvovirus B19 (quantitative PCR, qpcr) Human herpesvirus 6 (qpcr) 7. Cell activity assay Human herpesvirus 7 (qpcr) 7.1 Cell counting and cell viability Human papillomavirus (molecular hybridization) 7.2 Cell population doubling level and growth curve 4.6 Detection of bovine virus contamination (three types of cell passages and immunofluorescence) 7.3 Cell cycle analysis 4.7 Porcine virus detection (qpcr) 7.4 Telomerase activity 4.8 Reverse transcriptase activity assay 8. Reagent detection 5. Detection of ES cell-specific markers 5.1 Alkaline Phosphatase Staining 8.1 Endotoxin detection 5.2 Immunofluorescence detection of pluripotent gene expression: Sox2, Nanog 8.2 Detection of bovine serum albumin residuals
39 Establishment of pre-clinical and clinical trial management software
40 Pre-clinical animal model studies of clinical grade stem cells Differentiate ES cells into different types of neuronal cells for Parkinson disease treatment Brain transplantation of ES cell differentiated neurons in rat Brain transplantation of ES cell differentiated neurons in monkey
41 In vivo detection of implanted cells MRI images before implantation MRI images after implantation
42 Establishment of monkey models
43 Establishment of pig models Automatic feeding system Delivery room
44 China would like to cooperate with the world to promote stem cell applications!
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