A retrospective and prospective study. PhD student: J. Vanparijs Promotors: prof. B. de Geus & prof. R. Meeusen Co-promoter: prof. L.

Transcription

1 A retrospective and prospective study PhD student: J. Vanparijs Promotors: prof. B. de Geus & prof. R. Meeusen Co-promoter: prof. L. Int Panis 1

2 Despite well-established health benefits associated with regular physical activity (PA), many young people do not meet the WHO & ACSM recommended levels (1). Physically active commuting to work (PACW) and school (PACS) has important health implications, it holds potential of being physically active on a regular basis (2-5). As a consequence PACW and PACS can reduce risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and hypertension, which are among the leading causes of death and disease (5). 1.WHO. Global Recommendations on PA. Switzerland WHO. A physically active life through everyday transport WHO, Regional Office for Europe.; de Geus B, et al. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2008;18(4): de Geus B, et al. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2009;19(2): Oja P, et al. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2011;21(4):

3 Cycling is increasingly being promoted as a means to reduce traffic congestion, air and noise pollution and the consumption of fossil fuels (6). Children and adolescents who walk/cycle to school are more physically active than those who are driven (7,8). Stimulating cycling or physical activity in general at young age is important as it will increase the probability of being physically active during adulthood (9). 6. Int Panis L. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2011;119(3). 7. Cooper Ar, et al. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2003;25(4): Tudor-Locke C, et al Sports Medicine. 2001;31(5): Conroy MB, et al. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2005;37(8):

4 Barriers for children cycling to school: Distance & Safety (10) Before promoting cycling as a means to commute to school: - the built environment should be safe(r), especially for youth; In order to create a safe(r) environment, a complete and accurate recording of minor and major accidents and the recording of the cycling exposure is essential. 10. Timperio A, et al., Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2004;36(7):

5 Most studies on bicycle accidents hospital & police data retrospective surveys weakness: selection and recall bias serious injuries Belgium only 7-15% cycling accidents are officially reported (11,12,13) 11. Doom & Derweduwen, 2005; 12. De Mol & Lammar, 2006; 13. de Geus et al,

6 Hospital Police registration Absolute accident count Exposure data Total distance by bicycle Incidence rate (IR): Accident count / exposure 6

7 monitor and get insight in minor and major bicycle accidents, using a retrospective (study 1a & 1b) and prospective (study 2) study design within the same geographical area, focussing on adolescents record exposure data (e.g. cycling frequency, time, distance) to enable calculation of the incidence rate of bicycle accidents in adolescents (study 2) study the accident location (built environment) to allow scientific based recommendations for safe road infrastructure (study 2) 7

8 Nov 2013 Study 1a, 1b Jan 2014 Study 2 Jan 2014 Study 2 Herhaling titel van presentatie

9 Purpose: Gain insight into bicycle accidents using a retrospective study design and to compare the characteristics of bicycle accidents originated from two different collection points. Materials: General Questionnaire (GQ) all adolescents from the participating schools (cyclists and non-cyclists) and hospitals Retrospective Questionnaire (RQ) cyclists, about bicycle accidents in the preceding year 9

10 Participants: Study 1a (retrospective school setting): adolescent cyclists from the 4 th -6 th year of secondary school yr-old Study 1b (retrospective hospital setting & Ethias) hospitals in the catch-up area of the participating schools Ethias yr-old 10

11 School Hospital

12 Purpose: Gain insight in built environment of teenage cyclists & occurrence of accidents Recruitment of voluntary schools Subjects: adolescent cyclists from the 4 th -6 th year of secondary school yr-old Materials: General Questionnaire (GQ) all adolescents from the participating schools (cyclists and non-cyclists) and hospitals Prospective Questionnaire (RQ) cyclists, about bicycle accidents 12

13 Online registration for adolescents commuting by bike Weekly update of bicycle diary Built environment analysis with Google maps & Google street software 13

14 Herhaling titel van presentatie

15 Data encoded based on road characteristics 15

16 Exposure for each route characteristic will be assessed. Each segment will be defined based on Reynolds et al

17 Calculating exposure Categorization of route characteristics (14) Route Straightaways Intersections Bike lane Cycle track Etc. Junctions Roundabouts 14. Reynolds et al.,

18 Accident locations will be divided in categories based on open street view Accidents will be linked with exposure data in order to calculate Incidence Rate: #accidents route characterizes 18

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20 % students commuting by bicycle, distance, time & route choice Incidence: number (N) of injuries during 1-year follow-up period combination of accident and exposure data allows us to calculate the incidence rate (IR) of bicycle accidents at precise localizations of the built environment. IR (95% CI): (i) 1000 trips; (ii) 1000 hours; (iii) 1000 kilometers (iiii) route characteristics 20

21 Statistics on accident reports: comparison of different sources. Accident characteristics Physical injury Hospitalization >24h Hospitalization<24h No hospitalization With motorized vehicle With other road user No other road users involved Data from schools Data from hospitals 21

22 Retrospective minor + major bicycling accidents 1 yr period Total bicycling accidents 2 yr period Prospective minor + major bicycling accidents 1 yr period 22

23 THANK YOU 23