Describe several types of computer crime and discuss possible crime prevention techniques. Describe the major security issues facing computer users,

Transcription

1 1 Topics: Describe several types of computer crime and discuss possible crime prevention techniques. Describe the major security issues facing computer users, computer system administrators, and law enforcement officials Describe the ways in which computer security relates to personal privacy issues.

2 2 Cybercrime and Identity Theft Cybercrime: Any criminal action perpetrated primarily through the use of a computer Programs damaging computers Stealing identities online Attacking corporate websites Cybercriminals: Individuals who use computers, networks, and the Internet to perpetrate crime.

3 3 Cybercrime and Identity Theft (cont.) Top categories of complaints FBI-related scams Identity theft Nonauction/nondelivery of merchandise Advance fee fraud Complaints not related to fraud Computer intrusions Child pornography Blackmail Other Software Piracy and Intellectual Property

4 4 Cybercrime and Identity Theft (cont.)

5 5 Cybercrime and Identity Theft (cont.) Acts perpetrated by identity thieves Counterfeiting existing credit and debit cards Requesting changes of address on bank and credit card statements Obtaining new credit cards and bank account in your name and writing bad checks and not paying off credit card balances Obtaining medical services in your name Buying a home with a mortgage in your name, then reselling the house

6 6 Cybercrime and Identity Theft (cont.) Other methods used to obtain personal information Stealing purses and wallets Stealing mail or looking through trash for bank statements and credit card bills Posing as bank or credit card company representatives Installing skimming devices on ATM machines to record information

7 7 Cybercrime and Identity Theft (cont.) Theft of computer equipment is larceny, not cybercrime On the rise Resale value is high and equipment can be sold online

8 8 Computer Viruses Computer virus: A program that attaches itself to another computer program Attempts to spread to other computers when files are exchanged One of the most widespread types of cybercrimes

9 9 Computer Viruses (cont.) If a computer is exposed to an infected file, the virus will try to copy itself and infect a file on your computer Sources of virus infection Downloading infected audio and video files Shared flash drives Downloading or executing a file attached to

10 10 Computer Viruses (cont.)

11 11 Computer Viruses (cont.) Viruses can be grouped into six categories based on behavior and method of transmission

12 12 Computer Viruses Boot-Sector Viruses Boot-sector viruses Replicate into hard drive s master boot record Master boot record is a program that executes whenever a computer boots up

13 13 Computer Viruses Logic Bombs and Time Bombs Logic bombs and time bombs Logic bomb: Triggered when certain logical conditions are met [such as a] Time bomb: Triggered by the passage of time or on a certain date

14 14 Computer Viruses Worms Worms Use transport methods like and networks to spread without human interaction

15 15 Computer Viruses Script and Macro Viruses Script and macro viruses Script is miniprogram hidden on websites that is executed without user s knowledge Macro virus attaches itself to a document that uses macros

16 16 Computer Viruses Viruses viruses Melissa virus: First practical example Use the address book to distribute the virus

17 17 Computer Viruses Encryption Viruses Encryption viruses Run program that searches for common types of data files Compress files using a complex encryption key that makes files unusable Asks for payment to receive the program to decrypt your files

18 18 Computer Viruses Additional Virus Classifications Viruses can also be classified by methods they take to avoid detection Polymorphic viruses Periodically rewrite themselves to avoid detection Multipartite viruses Infect multiple file types Stealth viruses Erase their code from the hard drive and reside in active memory

19 19 Computer Viruses Virus Symptoms Symptoms your computer might be infected with a virus Existing program icons or files suddenly disappear You start your browser and it takes you to an unusual home page or has new toolbars Odd messages, pop-ups, or images are displayed or strange music or sounds play You begin to see new spam You are taken to an unfamiliar search page when you hit the search button Strange software loads on startup You download freeware, shareware, music or video files

20 20 Computer Viruses Virus Symptoms (cont.) Symptoms your computer might be infected with a virus (cont.) Data files become corrupt Programs stop working properly System slows down or takes a long time to boot up You ve found new entries in your Favorites that you do NOT WANT The send/receive lights on your modem blink wildly even when you're not doing anything online Everything appears perfectly normal

21 21 Preventing Virus Infections Antivirus Software Run an active virus scan on entire system once a week If you suspect a problem, scan immediately

22 22 Preventing Virus Infections Antivirus Software (cont.) Main functions of antivirus software - search for viruses, notify users when they re found, and remove them Detection: Looks for virus signatures in files Virus signature is a portion of the virus code that s unique to a particular virus Stopping virus execution Quarantining places the virus in a secure area of your hard drive so it won t spread Preventing future infection In inoculation, the antivirus software records key attributes about your computer files and keeps these stats in a safe place

23 23 Preventing Virus Infections Antivirus Software (cont.) To combat unknown viruses, programs search for suspicious virus-like activities and virus signatures Keep your antivirus software up to date

24 24 Preventing Virus Infections Antivirus Software (cont.) Smartphones and other mobile devices are susceptible to viruses Antivirus software designed for mobile devices Trend Micro s Mobile Security for Android

25 25 Preventing Virus Infections Software Updates Drive-by download is a type of attack that exploits weaknesses in operating systems Make sure antivirus software and your operating system are up to date and contain latest security patches Windows operating system has automatic update utility called Windows Update Mac OS X has similar utility

26 26 Preventing Virus Infections Software Updates (cont.)

27 27 Hackers Anyone who unlawfully breaks into a computer system Types of hackers White-hat or ethical hackers break in to systems for nonmalicious reasons Black-hat hackers break into systems to destroy information or for illegal gain Grey-hat hackers break into systems merely to flaunt their expertise

28 28 Hackers Problems Hackers Can Cause Steal credit and debit card information from hard drives Break into sites that contain credit card information Capture login ID and password using packet analyzer or keylogger

29 29 Hackers Problems Hackers Can Cause (cont.) Data travels through the Internet in packets Identified with IP address Packet analyzer (sniffer): Program deployed by hackers that looks at each packet Once a hacker has your debit or credit card information they can start purchasing or sell the information to someone else

30 30 Hackers Trojan Horses and Rootkits A Trojan horse appears to be useful but while it runs it does something malicious in background Rootkits are programs (or sets of programs) that allow hackers to gain access to your computer and take control without your knowledge A zombie is a computer controlled by a hacker

31 31 Hackers Denial-of-Service Attacks In a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, users are denied access to a computer system because a hacker is making repeated requests When flooded with requests, the system shuts down

32 32 Hackers Denial-of-Service Attacks (cont.) Distributed denial-ofservice (DDoS) attack launches attacks from more than one zombie computer Botnet is a large group of software programs that runs autonomously on zombie computers

33 Hackers How Hackers Gain Computer Access Direct access Installing hacking software Indirect access Through Internet connection Logical ports are virtual communications gateways or paths that allow a computer to organize requests for information Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 33

34 34 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Keep hackers out Prevent them from accessing computer Protect your digital information Use passwords Hide activities from prying eyes

35 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Firewalls Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Firewall: Software program or hardware device designed to protect computers from hackers Personal firewall: Specifically designed for home networks 35

36 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Firewalls (cont.) Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Both Windows and OS X include firewalls Security suites also include firewall software You can also buy and configure hardware firewall devices 36

37 37 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Firewalls (cont.)

38 38 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets How Firewalls Work Firewalls protect in two major ways Blocking access to logical ports Keeping computer s network address secure Packet filtering is a process of configuring a firewall to filter out packets sent to logical ports

39 39 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets How Firewalls Work (cont.) Logical port blocking: Firewalls are configured to ignore requests that originate from the Internet asking for access to certain ports

40 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Knowing Your Computer Is Secure (cont.) Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 40

41 41 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets How Firewalls Work (cont.) Internet Protocol address (IP address): Unique address for every computer connected to the Internet Network address translation (NAT): A process used by firewalls to assign internal IP addresses on a network

42 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Knowing Your Computer Is Secure Websites test computer s vulnerability Gibson Research ShieldsUP LeakTest If vulnerabilities are detected Install a firewall if you don t have one If you have a firewall, check how to close or restrict access to ports Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 42

43 43 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Creating Passwords Strong passwords are difficult to guess Not easily associated with you (birth date, name of pet, nickname) At least 14 characters, including numbers, symbols, and upperand lowercase letters Not a single word or a word from a dictionary

44 44 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Creating Passwords Strong passwords are difficult to guess (cont.) Use a mix of upper- and lowercase letters and symbols Never tell anyone or write down password (your friends do not, not not treat your information anywhere nearly as valuable as you do) Change password regularly (every month) Use different passwords for different websites

45 45 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Creating Passwords Which password is: Stronger More secure More difficult to crack? D0g... PrXyc.N(n4k77#L!eVdAfp9

46 46 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Creating Passwords (cont.)

47 47 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Managing Your Passwords Well-constructed passwords can be hard to remember Password management software remembers passwords for you Most security suites and web browsers provide password management tools

48 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Anonymous Web Surfing: Hiding from Prying Eyes Current versions of Google Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer include privacy tools that help you surf the web anonymously Incognito Private Browsing InPrivate Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 48

49 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Anonymous Web Surfing: Hiding from Prying Eyes (cont.) Portable privacy devices provide an even higher level of surfing privacy Imation Personal Flash Drive Store sensitive Internet files Preload Linux OS on a flash drive to avoid using the public or work computer s OS Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 49

50 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Anonymous Web Surfing: Hiding from Prying Eyes (cont.) Third-party software developers offer apps to enhance tablet security hidepad Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 50

51 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Encryption: Hiding from Prying Eyes (cont.) To make a message secure from outsiders requires encryption software Encryption software scrambles the sent message using a key A different key is needed to unscramble the received message Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as 51

52 52 Restricting Access to Your Digital Assets Biometric Authentication Devices Read unique personal characteristics Fingerprint Iris pattern in eye Voice authentication Face pattern recognition Provide high level of security Eliminate human error

53 53 Managing Online Annoyances Malware: Adware and Spyware Malware: Software that has a malicious intent Three primary forms: adware, spyware, and viruses Known collectively as grayware, most malware is intrusive, annoying, or objectionable online programs downloaded to your computer Adware: Software that displays sponsored advertisements

54 54 Managing Online Annoyances Malware: Adware and Spyware (cont.) Spyware: An unwanted piggyback program that usually downloads with other software you install form the Internet and runs in the background Also called tracking software, or spybot Transmits information about you, and shares it with others via the Internet Use tracking cookies Keystroke logger: Monitors keystrokes to steal passwords, login IDs, or credit card information Could take snapshots of your screen Can be installed by drive-by download

55 55 Managing Online Annoyances Malware: Adware and Spyware (cont.) Anti-spyware software: Detects unwanted programs and allows you to delete them It s a good idea to install one or two additional stand-alone anti-spyware programs

56 56 Managing Online Annoyances Malware: Adware and Spyware (cont.) Windows Defender: Windows program that scans your system for spyware and other unwanted software

57 57 Managing Online Annoyances Spam Spam: Unwanted or junk Spim: Unsolicited instant messages Create a free address you use only when you fill out forms or buy items on the web

58 58 Managing Online Annoyances Spam (cont.) Spam filter: An option you can select in your account that places spam into a special folder Third-party programs available SPAMfighter

59 59 Managing Online Annoyances Spam (cont.) Other ways to prevent spam Read website privacy policies and don t give the site permission to pass on your address Don t reply to spam Subscribe to an forwarding service VersaForward Sneak .com

60 60 Managing Online Annoyances Cookies Cookies: Small text files that some websites automatically store on your hard drive Provide websites with information about your browsing habits

61 61 Managing Online Annoyances Cookies (cont.) Cookies don t search for personal information Only collect personal information you supply when filling out forms Some sites sell the information cookies collect Cookies pose no security threat

62 62 Keeping Your Data Safe People are often too trusting or careless when it comes to their private information or digital data

63 63 Keeping Your Data Safe Protecting Your Personal Information Reveal as little information as possible

64 64 Keeping Your Data Safe Backing Up Your Data Data on your computer faces three major threats Unauthorized access Tampering Destruction Backups are copies of files that you can use to replace the originals If they re lost or damaged

65 65 Keeping Your Data Safe Backing Up Your Data (cont.) Two types of files need backups Program files: Files used to install software Data files: Files you ve created or purchased

66 Human Security Controls: Protect Yourself from Identity Theft Make all your online purchases using a credit card. Get a separate credit card with a low credit limit for your online transactions. Make sure a secure Web site is managing your transaction. Don t disclose personal information over the phone. Don t give social security or driver s license numbers over the phone; don t print it on checks; and use encryption when sending it in . Shred sensitive information. Don t overshare 66

67 Human Security Controls: Protect Yourself from Identity Theft Trusted ID $7.00 / mo ProtectMyID $ / mo Lifelock $9.00 / mo (some) Insurance $6.50 / mo Financial fraud x x x x 67 Social security fraud Criminal activity Child ID theft Medical ID theft Tax fraud Employment fraud x x x x x x x Benefits fraud Pays recovery expenses Does the work x x x Prevention x x x x x x

68 68 Reporting ID Theft Who to Call to Report a Possible ID Theft Call The Federal Trade Commission toll-free 877-IDTHEFT ( ). The FTC is the federal agency responsible for receiving and processing complaints by people who believe they may be victims of identity theft. Trained counselors will provide information on the steps you should take to resolve problems and repair damage to your credit record. Certain cases may be referred to law enforcement agencies, regulatory agencies or private entities that can help. The FTC also maintains the U.S. government's central Web site for information about identity theft at Go there to fill out an online consumer complaint form or link to educational materials. The three major credit bureaus. Ask them to place a fraud alert in your file, so that lenders and other users of credit reports will be careful before starting or changing accounts in your name. The special toll-free numbers for the fraud departments are: Equifax at (800) , Experian at (888) and Trans Union at (800) Your bank, credit card company or any other financial institution that may need to know. Ask to speak with someone in the security or fraud department, and follow up with a letter. If necessary, close old accounts and open new ones, and select new passwords and "PIN" numbers (Personal Identification Numbers). Your call also alerts the financial institution to a possible scam that may be targeting other customers. Your local police or the police where the identity theft occurred. Fill out a police report that will detail what happened. Get a copy of the completed report because that can help you clear up questions and problems when dealing with your creditors and other financial institutions. Reprinted from FDIC Consumer News.

69 69 Keeping Your Data Safe Backing Up Your Data (cont.) Two main options for backing up files Incremental backup (partial backup): Backing up only files that have changed or been created since the last backup More efficient Image backup (system backup): All system, application, and data files are backed up Makes an exact copy of the setup

70 70 Keeping Your Data Safe Backing Up Your Data (cont.) Backups must be stored away from where your computer is located and should be stored in at least two different places to be truly secure Three main choices Online (in the cloud) External hard drives Network-attached storage (NAS)

71 71 Keeping Your Data Safe Backing Up Your Data (cont.)

72 72 Keeping Your Data Safe Backing Up Your Data (cont.) Windows 8 includes the Windows 7 File Recovery utility

73 73 Keeping Your Data Safe Backing Up Your Data (cont.)

74 74 Keeping Your Data Safe Backing Up Your Data (cont.) For OS X users, the Time Machine feature in OS X that detects when an external hard drive is connected Files stored on a school s network are most likely regularly backed up check with your school s network administrators

75 75 Online Outlaws: Common Computer Crimes Spoofing: appearing to be someone or something else. Often transports users to a look-alike website in order to steal passwords. Pharming: DNS cache poisoning to redirect traffic to bogus sites. Identity theft: the use of computers and other tools to steal whole identities; often involves social engineering, the use of deception to get others to reveal sensitive information (phishing) Phishing / Vishing / Smishing: various means to obtain information: spam , voice mail, sms (text)

76 76 On-line Outlaws: The Perpetrators Committing computer crime is typically a group activity. Here are the roles: Spammers - responsible for sending the phishing s to as many addresses as possible. Web designers - responsible for creating malicious Web sites that appear as legitimate as possible. Exploiters - typically amateur attackers known as "script kiddies" who gather victim computers (referred to as "roots") that can be used to host a phishing site or a spam relay. In some cases, exploiters will break into credit card databases directly. Cashiers - responsible for withdrawing funds from a compromised credit card or bank account and turning it into cash for the phisher. Droppers - these members are able to receive merchandise purchased with stolen credit card information at an untraceable drop point. Goods purchased with stolen credit or bank card information are considered "carded" and fraudsters of this sort are also often considered "carders" as well.

77 77 On-line Outlaws: Theft by Computer Theft is the most common form of computer crime. Computers are used to < steal Money: [Jamal] i need some 1 to make alot of 20 dollar bills [Jamal] cuz i live in canada [Jamal] we can make alot of money if u can [Jamal] i will use it at other stores and return the item [Jamal] if u can make copies of the bill and send them to me and i change it to real money and i will send u half via western union

78 78 On-line Outlaws: Theft by Computer < Steal Information Smile Buy Cheap Cvv2s And Get Gifts Hello all carders! Iam glad to offer my service to serve all you guys. Iam selling US cvv2 with NO LIMIT (UK & Canadian and International cvv2s will be available soon) * Cvv2s have the following information: - Card Number - Card Expiry - CVV2 - First & Last Names - Address & City - State & Zip/Postal code - Country (US) - Phone # ======= Here is the price ========

79 79 On-line Outlaws: Theft by Computer < Steal Information (cont d) ======= Here is the price ======== * For US cvv2 : 1 -> 40 cvv2s : $1.5 per card 100+ cvv2s : $1 per card * For UK ccs : 1$ per each (come with : Name, Address, Town, County, Postcode, Ccnumber, exp, from date, and issue number) * If you request the following information for Cvv2: Special Card Type +$0.50 , Password +$3 Special Gender +$2 Special bins : +$1 * Special Offers : If your order > 50$, u will get a calling card with 5$ If your order > 100$, u will get a calling card with 10$ If your order > 200$, u will get a calling card with 20$

80 80 Social Engineering Social engineering: Any technique that uses social skills to generate human interaction that entices individuals to reveal sensitive information Often doesn t involve computers or face-to-face interaction Most use pretexting, creating a scenario that sounds legitimate

81 81 Social Engineering Phishing and Pharming Phishing: Lures Internet users to reveal personal information such as credit card numbers, Social Security numbers, or other sensitive information Scammers send s Pharming: Malicious code is planted on your computer, either by viruses or by visiting malicious websites Alters browser s ability to find web addresses

82 82 Social Engineering Phishing and Pharming (cont.) Guidelines to avoid schemes Never reply directly to s asking for personal information Don t click on links in s to go to a website Never give personal information over the Internet unless the site is secure Use phishing filters Use Internet security software

83 83 Social Engineering Phishing and Pharming (cont.) Internet security packages can detect and prevent pharming attacks McAfee or Norton

84 84 Social Engineering Scareware Scareware: Malware that s downloaded onto your computer and tries to convince you that your computer is infected with a virus or other malware Directed to website to buy fake removal or antivirus tools with little or no value Uses people s fear

85 85 Social Engineering Scareware Scareware: (cont.) Usually downloaded onto your computer Most Internet security suites, antivirus, and anti-malware packages now detect and prevent the installation of scareware

86 86 Online Outlaws: Computer Crime Piracy of Intellectual Property (IP) Software piracy is the illegal duplication of copyrighted software Intellectual property laws are difficult to enforce. Estimated that 38% of all software is illegally copied Costing over 120,000 jobs per year Intellectual property includes the results of intellectual activities in the arts, sciences, and industry Purpose: mental labor is justly rewarded and encourage innovation

87 87 Online Outlaws: Electronic Plagiarism Using computer systems or the Internet to Pass off someone else s work as your own Plagiarism If a news reporter uses another reporter s story as his or her own If you take another person s work and turn it in as if it were your own

88 88 Human Security Controls: Piracy and IP Laws Property laws: Inventions are patented Trade secrets are covered by contract law The expression of intellectual property can be copyrighted Look-and-feel lawsuits can result from mimicking intellectual property

89 89 Protecting Your Physical Computing Assets Environmental Factors Make sure computer sits flat on a level surface Carry laptops or tablets in a protective case Don t leave computing devices and phones in a car in extreme temperatures Chill mats are useful accessories for laptops

90 90 Protecting Your Physical Computing Assets Environmental Factors Place desktops where the fan s intake vent is unblocked Keep computer rooms as clean as possible Don t consume food or beverages near your computer

91 91 Protecting Your Physical Computing Assets Power Surges Power surges: Electrical current is supplied in excess of normal voltage Old or faulty wiring Downed power lines Malfunctions at electric company substations Lightning strikes

92 92 Protecting Your Physical Computing Assets Power Surges (cont.) Surge protector: Device that protects your computer against power surges Replace every two to three years Use with all devices that have solid-state components

93 93 Protecting Your Physical Computing Assets Deterring Theft Four main security concerns with mobile devices Keeping them from being stolen Keeping data secure in case they are stolen Finding a device if it is stolen Remotely recovering and wiping data off a stolen device

94 94 Protecting Your Physical Computing Assets Keep Them Safe: Alarms Motion alarm software: Good inexpensive theft deterrent LAlarm: Free software for laptops SuperAlarm and Alarmomatic secure ipad or iphone Detects motion and sets off an alarm

95 95 Protecting Your Physical Computing Assets Keeping Mobile Device Data Secure Encrypting the data on your mobile device can make it extremely difficult, if not impossible, for thieves to obtain sensitive data from your stolen equipment. Encryption involves transforming your data using an algorithm that can only be unlocked by a secure code (or key) Safe: An app that provides 256-bit encryption DataLock and SafeHouse are available for laptop computers

96 96 Protecting Your Physical Computing Assets Software Alerts and Data Wipes Theft-tracking software enables your computer to alert authorities to a computer s location if it is stolen Computrace LoJack for Laptops PC PhoneHome MacPhoneHome

97 97 Protecting Your Physical Computing Assets Software Alerts and Data Wipes (cont.) If your laptop can t be recovered, software packages are available that provide for remote recovery and deletion of files Computrace LoJack for Laptops Apple offers Find My iphone service

98 98 Protecting Your Physical Computing Assets Software Alerts and Data Wipes (cont.) Checklist guide to ensure security

99 99 Security, Privacy, Freedom, and Ethics: The Delicate Balance Privacy Data on individuals can be collected, stored, and used without knowledge or consent Employee monitoring Collecting data on what employees do at work Raises issues about work privacy

100 100 Security, Privacy, Freedom, and Ethics: The Delicate Balance Active badges can simultaneously improve security and threaten privacy by: Identifying who enters a door or logs onto a machine Finding an employee s current or earlier location Remembering: At the end of the day, an activebadge wearer can get a minute-by-minute printout listing exactly where and with whom he or she has been.

101 101 Security, Privacy, Freedom, and Ethics: The Delicate Balance Federal and state governments have responded to the growing computer crime problem by creating new laws against electronic trespassing and by escalating enforcement efforts: Telecommunications Act of 1996 Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 Each of these laws introduced new problems by threatening rights of citizens problems that have to be solved by courts and by future lawmakers.

102 102 Security, Privacy, Freedom, and Ethics: The Delicate Balance Additional Federal Privacy Laws and Regulations The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) The Privacy Act The Tax Reform Act (TRA) The Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) Act The Right to Financial Privacy Act The Freedom of Information Act The Patriot Act

103 103 Security and Reliability: Warfare in the Digital Domain The front lines are in cyberspace By attacking computer networks an enemy can cripple: telecommunications systems power grids banking and financial systems hospitals and medical systems water and gas supplies oil pipelines emergency government services

104 104 Internet Security Layered Defenses Organizations will place sophisticated pattern-recognition software and special hardware on the perimeter of their networks. Special-purpose hardware, called security processors, will allow every message to be encrypted. The People Problem We are the weak link in the system. How Open? Will the onslaught of malware and spam place the openness of the Internet in peril?

105 105 Summary Questions 2. What are the types of viruses from which I need to protect my computer?

106 106 Summary Questions 4. How can hackers attack my computing devices, and what harm can they cause?

107 107 Summary Questions 5. What is a firewall, and how does it keep my computer safe from hackers?

108 108 Summary Questions 6. How do I create secure passwords and manage all of my passwords?

109 109 Summary Questions 7. How can I surf the Internet anonymously and use biometric authentication devices to protect my data?

110 110 Summary Questions 9. What data do I need to back up, and what are the best methods for doing so?

111 111 Summary Questions 10. What is social engineering, and how do I avoid falling prey to phishing?

112 112 Summary Questions 11. How do I protect my physical computing assets from environmental hazards, power surges, and theft?

113 113 Summary Questions 12. Normally, security measures serve to protect our privacy and other individual rights, but occasionally security procedures threaten those rights. What are some trade-offs between computer security and freedom?

114 114 What to Do Next Prepare for Final LBT3

115 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as