Software Development and Applications for Music Education. Presenter: Mr. Lee CHENG Postgraduate Research Students Seminar HKIEd, May 13, 2011

Transcription

1 Software Development and Applications for Music Education Presenter: Mr. Lee CHENG Postgraduate Research Students Seminar HKIEd, May 13, 2011

2 Introduction Recognition of the role of technology in education (Johnson, 2006; Levin & Wadmany, ; Smith, 2006; Valtonen et al., 2011; Littleton, 2011) Substantial increase in the integration of technology into school music programs (Reese, 2003; Reese & Rimington, 2000; Kim & Freemyer, 2011)

3 Context Framework of music education today: Key functions of technology New functions of technology Gap between the practical usage & future Implications for music educators Further Research

4 Students & Music Technology in Practice Learn music fundamentals Aural skills, audio and video information pack Learn musical performance skills Pitching skills, rhythm training, feedback of performance Assist analysis of music Music information retrieval Assist learning of musical composition notation software, sequencing software Hofstetter, 1988; Brandão, Wiggins & Pain, 1999

5 Teachers & Music Technology in Practice Music Teachers use of technology: To teach music theory For composition For score arrangement For admin. tasks more than music curriculum uses Taylor & Deal, 2000; Jassmann, 2004; Ohlenbusch, 2001; Meltzer, 2001; Cheung, 1999

6 Impact of Technology in Music Education As a teaching & learning tool As an aid to individual student development Motivate students to learn music Byrne & MacDonald, 2002

7 New Technology Available Software for piano pedagogy Score reading/following E-performer Electronic/Electric Instruments Interactive music making software Composition/mixing software Real-time visual feedback

8 Gap between current technology and practice in music education In-service teachers lag behind in the application of music technology to classroom (Webster, 2007) Use of ICT in music education is not in line with technological developments in other fields (Savage, 2007) <50% music teachers use music-specific technology (Reese, 2002) Fewer use technology to lead music class activities or to have students use music technology directly (Dorfman,2008)

9 Why technology is not used? External factors Insufficient financial support Inadequate hardware & software provision Lack of space in music room Requires new approach to classroom management Technology for music/arts education is insufficient Anxiety - strategy planning investment are needed

10 Why technology is not used? Internal factors Teachers lack of music technology competence Teachers lack of understanding of pedagogical technique of using technology in the classroom Students have more IT expertise than teachers Rapid update of technology for teachers is needed Cheung, 1999; Byrne & MacDonald, 2002; Elliott, 2004; Savage, 2007; Dorfman, 2008

11 What should Music Educators do? Develop a clear understanding of what constitutes effective music teaching with ICT Include technology pedagogy and integration practices at the pre-service level Develop skills and knowledge for music technology, e.g. sequencing and notation software Use technology as a pedagogical aid (in which students are engaged) rather than as a tool Curricular support to provide a new framework of how new music classes are structured Savage, 2007; Russell et al., 2003; Strickland et al., 2000; Dorfman, 2008; Dammers, 2009

12 A Research Study in HKIEd A Real-time visual feedback software (Sing & See) for vocal training is tested among 25 pre-service teachers Participants are given the access to use the software for 12 weeks Pre-test & post-test of singing tasks are tested to read the improvement of participants Results show greater improvements for participants than control group Questionnaire survey shows positive attitude towards the use of such kind of software

13 Improvement of Tuning

14 Improvement of Vocal Timbre

15 Further Research To explore the effect of technology training on music teachers

16 Research Questions What are the pre/in-service teachers sources of knowledge for new music education technology? What music skills do pre/in-service music teachers accept that could (not) be learnt through technology? To what extent are music teachers trained to integrate music education technology in the curriculum? What are the differences between the technologytrained & untrained teachers in their use of technology in the music curriculum?

17 Methodology Quantitative method Questionnaire distributing to pre-/in-service music teachers & teacher educators Close-end & open-end questions

18 References: Taylor, J., & Deal, J. (2000, November). Integrating technology into the K-12 music curriculum: A national survey of music teachers. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Technology in Music Instruction, Toronto, Canada. Meltzer, J. (2001). A Survey to Assess the Technology Literacy of Undergraduate Music Majors at Big-10 Universities: Implications for Undergraduate Courses in Music Education Technology. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (08), (University Microfilms No. AAT ). Ohlenbusch, G. (2001). A Study of the Use of Technology Applications by Texas Music Educators and the Relevance to Undergraduate Music Education Curriculum. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (03), 957. (University Microfilms No. AAT ). Lassmann, A. (2004). The Status of Music Technology in the K-12 Curriculum of South Dakota Public Schools. Dissertation Abstracts International, 65 (04), (University Microfilms No. AAT ). Webster, P. R. (2007). Computer-Based Technology and Music Teaching and Learning: In L. Bresler (Ed.), International Handbook of Research in Arts Education (pp ). Dordrecht, NL: Springer. Cheung, J. (1999). Are We Ready to Follow the Leader? A Survey on the Use of Technology in Classroom Music in the Secondary Schools of Hong Kong. In M. Barrett, G. McPherson, & R. Smith (Eds.), Children and Music: Developmental Perspectives (pp ). Tasmania: University of Tasmania, Launceston. Reese, D. (2002). Trends in Technology in School Music Programs: A Four-year Study. Paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Technology in Music Instruction, Kansas City, MO. Dorfman, J. (2008). Technology in Ohio s School Music Programs: An Exploratory Study of Teacher Use and Integration. Contributions to Music Education, 3, Byrne, C., & MacDonald, R. A. R. (2002). The use of Information & Communication Technology (I&CT) in the Scottish Music Curriculum: A Focus Group Investigation of Themes and Issues. Music Education Research, 4(2), Hofstetter, F. T. (1988). Computer Literacy for Musicians. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Brandão, M., Wiggins, G. & Pain, H. (1999). Computers in Music Education. Proceedings of the AISB 99 Symposium on Musical Creativity, Elliott, A. (2004). Cultural change needed to exploit ICT in schools, Information Age (Vol. 16/04). Savage, J. (2007). Reconstructing music education through ICT. Research in Education, 78, Johnson, P. M. (2006). Change in Classroom Practices of Technology Use by K-12 Teachers (Doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University, 2006). Dissertation Abstracts International, 67 (06). Levin, T., & Wadmany, R. ( ). Teachers Beliefs and Practices in Technology-based Classrooms: A Developmental View. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 39 (2), Smith, D. O. (2006). Analysis of Factors Contributing to Teachers Acquisition and Use of Technology (Doctoral dissertation University of Houston, 2006). Dissertation Abstracts International, 67 (06), 2127.

19 References: Reese, S. (2003). Four Years of Progress: Illinois Teachers and Schools Using Technology. Illinois Music Educator, 63 (3), Reese, S. & Rimington, J. (2000). Music Technology in Illinois Public Schools. Update: Applications of Research in Music Education, 18 (2), Russell, M., Bebell, D., O Dwyer, L., & O Connor, K. (2003). Examining Teacher Technology Use: Implications for Preservice and Inservice Teacher Preparation. Journal of Teacher Education, 54 (4), Strickland, J., Salzman, S., & Harris, L. (2000). The Status of Technology Integration in College Music Methods Courses: A Survey of NASM Colleges and Universities. Paper presented at the Association for Technology in Music Instruction, Santa Fe, NM. Dammers, R. J. (2009). A Survey of Technology-based Music Classes in New Jersey High Schools. Contributions to Music Education, 36 (2), Valtonen, T., Pontinen, S., Kukkonen, J., Dillon, P., Väisänena, P., & Hacklin, S. (2011). Confronting the technological pedagogical knowledge of Finnish Net Generation student teachers. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 20 (1), Littleton, K. (2011). Research into teaching with whole-class interactive technologies: emergent themes. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 19 (2), Kim, M. C., & Freemyer, S. (2011). Technology Integration in Science Classrooms: Framework, Principles, and Examples. Educational Technology, 51 (1),