Technical Information Handbook

Transcription

1 Technical Information Handbook Wire and Cable Products. Technology. Services. Delivered Globally.

2 We are a leading global supplier of communications and security products, electrical and electronic wire and cable, fasteners, and other small components. We help our customers specify solutions and make informed purchasing decisions around technology, applications and relevant standards. Throughout the world, we provide innovative supply chain management solutions to reduce our customers total cost of production and implementation. Copyright by Anixter Patriot Blvd. Glenview, Illinois No part of the publication may be reproduced without express permission of Anixter. Anixter Inc. does not manufacture the items described in this publication. All applicable warranties are provided by the manufacturers. Purchasers are requested to determine directly from the manufacturers the applicable product warranties and limitations. Data and suggestions made in the publication are not to be construed as recommendations or authorizations to use any products in violation of any government law or regulation relating to any material or its use. All due concern has been devoted to accuracy, but Anixter cannot be responsible for errors, omissions or obsolescence. All data herein are subject to change without notice. Fifth Edition Copyright 2013 ISBN:

3 Technical Information Handbook Wire and Cable Fifth Edition Copyright 2013 Products. Technology. Services. Delivered Globally.

4 Trademarks and Reference Information The following registered trademarks appear in this handbook: Alumel is a registered trademark of Concept Alloys, LLC Chromel is a registered trademark of Concept Alloys, LLC Copperweld is a registered trademark of Copperweld Steel Company CSA is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association CCW is a registered trademark of General Cable Corporation DataTwist is a registered trademark of Belden Duofoil is a registered trademark of Belden Flamarrest is a registered trademark of Belden Halar is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis Hypalon is a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company Hypot is a registered trademark of Associated Research, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation Kapton is a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company Kevlar is a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company K FIBER is a registered trademark of General Cable Corporation Kynar is a registered trademark of Arkema, Inc. Loc-Trac is a registered trademark of Alpha Wire Megger is a registered trademark of Megger Group Ltd. Mylar is a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company NEC is a registered trademark of the National Fire Protection Association Nicrosil is a registered trademark of Harrison Alloys, Inc. Nisil is a registered trademark of Harrison Alloys, Inc. Nomex is a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company Polywater is a registered trademark of American Polywater Corporation Scotch is a registered trademark of 3M Scotchlok is a registered trademark of 3M Solef is a registered trademark of Solvay Solexis Teflon is a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company Tefzel is a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company Tyrin is a trademark of Dow Chemical Company UL is a registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. UniBlend is a registered trademark of General Cable Corporation UniShield is a registered trademark of General Cable Corporation UniStrand is a registered trademark of Belden Inc. Valox is a registered trademark of General Electric Company Z-Fold is a registered trademark of Belden Zytel is a registered trademark of E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company Information in this handbook has been drawn from many publications of the leading wire and cable companies in the industry and authoritative sources in their latest available editions. Some of these include: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Naval Ship Engineering Center (NAVSEC) Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) Underwriters Laboratories (UL). Note: National Electrical Code (NEC) is a registered trademark of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. The term, National Electrical Code, as used herein, means the triennial publication constituting the National Electrical Code and is used with permission of the National Fire Protection Association. II

5 Preface The Anixter Wire and Cable Technical Handbook is an easily accessible collection of engineering and technical information about electrical and electronic cable and their related products. Primarily intended for individuals who design, specify or troubleshoot wire and cable systems, the Anixter Wire and Cable Technical Information Handbook contains information about topics such as: Basic principles of electricity Conductor, insulation and jacket materials along with their electrical and mechanical properties Cable types, selection criteria and application guidelines for electrical and optical wire and cable Installation and testing guidelines and recommendations Application tips for cable accessories such as connectors, lugs and terminations Packaging, handling and shipping guidelines References to hundreds of key domestic and international wire and cable standards Conversion tables (e.g., AWG to mm 2 ) and basic engineering equations used in the industry The information contained in this handbook will assist engineers and individuals in designing and constructing safe, reliable, cost-effective and environmentally responsible electrical and communications networks. Anixter wishes to acknowledge the contributions of the many individuals who assisted in the preparation of this edition of the handbook. Anixter especially wants to recognize the efforts of Deborah Altman, Dana Anderson, Harmony Merwitz, Eric Bulington, Mark Fordham, Jeff Gronemeyer, Andy Jimenez, Jason Kreke, Jonathan Meyer, Nader Moubed, Ania Ross, Eric Wall and Bill Wilkens. Anixter hopes it has succeeded in making this handbook the best in the industry and welcomes your comments and suggestions for improvements in future editions. If you are interested in downloading the PDF version of this book, please visit anixter.com. About Anixter Anixter is a leading global supplier of communications and security products, electrical and electronic wire and cable, fasteners and other small components. We help our customers specify solutions and make informed purchasing decisions around technology, applications and relevant standards. Throughout the world, we provide innovative supply chain management solutions to reduce our customers total cost of production and implementation. III

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7 Contents Contents Trademarks and Reference Information Preface About Anixter ii iii iii 1. Basic Principles of Electricity Electricity The Volt The Ampere The Ohm Ohm s Law Ampacity Electrical Systems 3 2. Conductors Strand Types Coatings Tensile Strength of Copper Wire Copper Strand Properties Aluminum Strand Properties Additional Conductor Properties Insulation and Jacket Materials Purpose Types and Applications Color Coding Properties 47 V

8 Contents 4. Shields Power Cable Electronic Cable Armor Interlocked Armor Continuously Corrugated and Welded (CCW) Basket-Weave Lead Sheath Wire Serve Cable Types and Selection Criteria Portable Power and Control Construction and Building Wire Control, Instrumentation and Thermocouple High Temperature Power Armored Power and Control Electronic Cable Telephone Military Shipboard Cables (MIL-DTL-24643, MIL-DTL and MIL-DTL-915) Optical Fiber Cables Tray Cables Electrical Characteristics DC Resistance of Plated Copper Conductors DC and AC Resistance of Copper Conductors DC and AC Resistance of Aluminum Conductors Reactance and Impedance at 60 Hz AC/DC Resistance Ratio at 60 Hz Temperature Correction Factors for Resistance Voltage Drop Maximum Conductor Short Circuit Current Maximum Shield Short Circuit Current Resistance and Ampacity at 400 and 800 Hz Current Ratings for Electronic Cables Ampacity of Power Cables Basic Impulse Level (BIL) Ratings 102 VI

9 Contents 8. Installation and Testing Receiving, Handling and Storage Conduit Fill Pulling Installation Methods Overhead Messengers Vertical Suspension Hipot Testing Fault Locating Megger Testing Moisture Removal Fiber Optic Testing LAN Cable Testing Cable Accessories Coaxial Connectors Data Connectors Power Connectors Fiber Optic Connectors Cable Tray Systems NEMA Plug and Receptacle Configurations Packaging of Wire and Cable Reel Size Reel Handling Industry Standards Industry Standards List Fire Safety Tests Regulatory and Approval Agencies 182 VII

10 Contents 12. Continental Europe European Union (EU) Standards Austrian Standards Belgian Standards Danish Standards Dutch Standards French Standards German Standards Irish Standards Italian Standards Norwegian Standards Portuguese Standards Spanish Standards Swedish Standards Swiss Standards United Kingdom Standards Supply Voltage and Plug Configurations Latin and South America Mexican Standards Venezuelan Standards Brazilian Standards Colombian Standards Argentine Standards Canada Standards Cable Types Supply Voltage and Plug Configurations Fire Ratings Single Conductor Teck 90 Terminations 233 VIII

11 Contents 16. Asia Pacific Australian Standards Singapore Standards Japanese Standards Chinese Standards Conversion Tables Metric to English Conductor Size Circular Measurements Diameter, Circumference and Area Length, Weight, Area, Power and Energy Temperature Conversion kva to Amperes Horsepower to Amperes Formulas and Constants Electrical Properties of Circuits Resistance and Weight of Conductors Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance in AC Circuits Series and Parallel Connections Engineering Notation Diameter of Multiconductor Cables Determination of Largest Possible Conductor in Cable Interstices Conductor Diameter from Wire Diameter Coaxial Capacitance Inductive Reactance 257 Glossary 259 Index 293 IX

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13 1. Basic Principles of Electricity 1. basic principles of electricity 1.1 Electricity The Volt The Ampere The Ohm Ohm s Law Ampacity Electrical Systems 3 1

14 1. Basic Principles of Electricity 1.1 Electricity Electricity, simply put, is the flow of electric current along a conductor. This electric current takes the form of free electrons that transfer from one atom to the next. Thus, the more free electrons a material has, the better it conducts. There are three primary electrical parameters: the volt, the ampere and the ohm. 1.2 The Volt The pressure that is put on free electrons that causes them to flow is known as electromotive force (EMF). The volt is the unit of pressure, i.e., the volt is the amount of electromotive force required to push a current of one ampere through a conductor with a resistance of one ohm. 1.3 The Ampere The ampere defines the flow rate of electric current. For instance, when one coulomb (or 6 x electrons) flows past a given point on a conductor in one second, it is defined as a current of one ampere. 1.4 The Ohm The ohm is the unit of resistance in a conductor. Three things determine the amount of resistance in a conductor: its size, its material, e.g., copper or aluminum, and its temperature. A conductor s resistance increases as its length increases or diameter decreases. The more conductive the materials used, the lower the conductor resistance becomes. Conversely, a rise in temperature will generally increase resistance in a conductor. 1.5 Ohm s Law Ohm s Law defines the correlation between electric current (I), voltage (V), and resistance (R) in a conductor. Ohm s Law can be expressed as: V = I R Where: V = volts I = amps R = ohms 1.6 Ampacity Ampacity is the amount of current a conductor can handle before its temperature exceeds accepted limits. These limits are given in the National Electrical Code (NEC), the Canadian Electrical Code and in other engineering documents such as those published by the Insulated Cable Engineers Association (ICEA). It is important to know that many external factors affect the ampacity of an electrical conductor and these factors should be taken into consideration before selecting the conductor size. 2

15 1. Basic Principles of Electricity 1.7 Electrical Systems Medium Voltage The most widely used medium voltage (2.4 to 35 kv) alternating current (AC) electrical distribution systems in North America are illustrated below: Figure 1.1 Three phase wye (star), three wire Figure 1.1 Three phase wye Typical low voltage (star), systems three wire (0-2,000 V) are illustrated below: Low Voltage Typical low-voltage systems (0 to 2,000 V) are illustrated below: Typical low voltage systems (0-2,000 V) are illustrated below: Figure 1.2 Three phase delta, three wire Figure 1.2 Three phase delta, three wire Figure 1.3 Three phase star, four wire, grounded neutral Figure 1.3 Three phase star, four wire, grounded neutral Figure 1.4 Three phase wye (star), three wire, grounded neutral Figure 1.4 Three phase wye (star), three wire, grounded neutral Figure 1.5 Three phase delta, four wire, grounded neutral Figure 1.5 Three phase delta, four wire, grounded neutral 3

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17 2. Conductors 2. Conductors 2.1 Strand Types Concentric Strand Bunch Strand Rope Strand Sector Conductor Segmental Conductor Annular Conductor Compact Strand Compressed Strand Coatings Tensile Strength of Copper Wire Copper Strand Properties Strand Classes Solid Copper Class B, C and D Copper Strand Class H Copper Class I Copper Class K Copper Class M Copper Aluminum Strand Properties Solid Aluminum Class B Aluminum ACSR Additional Conductor Properties Stranding, Diameter, Area and DC Resistance (32 through 4/0 AWG) Stranding, Diameter, Area, DC Resistance and Weight (20 AWG through 2,000 kcmil) IEC Stranding 31 5

18 2. Conductors Conductors The conductor is the metallic component of cables through which electrical power or electrical signals are transmitted. Conductor size is usually specified by American Wire Gauge (AWG), circular mil area or in square millimeters. AWG The American Wire Gauge (sometimes called Brown and Sharpe or B. and S.) is used almost exclusively in the USA for copper and aluminum wire. The Birmingham Wire Gauge (BWG) is used for steel armor wire. The diameters according to the AWG are defined as follows: The diameter of size 4/0 (sometimes written 0000) equals inch and that of size #36 equals inch; the intermediate sizes are found by geometric progression. That is, the ratio of the diameter of one size to that of the next smaller size (larger gauge number) is: = Circular Mil Sizes larger than 4/0 are specified in terms of the total area of a cross-section of the copper in circular mils (cmil). A circular mil is a unit of area equal 4_ to the area of a circle one mil in diameter. It is p/4 (equal to ) of a square mil (one mil=0.001 inch). The area of a circle in circular mils is therefore equal to the square of its diameter in mils. A solid wire one inch in diameter has an area of 1,000,000 cmils, whereas one square inch equals 4/p x 1,000,000 cmils (equal to 1,273,200 cmils). Square Millimeters Metric sizes are given in terms of square millimeters (mm 2 ). Conductor Characteristics Relative electrical and thermal conductivities of common metal conductors are as follows: Table 2.1 Relative Electrical and Thermal Conductivities of Common Conductor Materials Metal Relative Electrical Conductivity at 20 C Relative Thermal Conductivity at 20 C Silver Copper (annealed) Copper (hard drawn) 97 Gold Aluminum Magnesium Zinc Nickel Cadmium Cobalt Iron Platinum Tin Steel Lead 8 9 Additional electrical properties can be found in Section 7 of this handbook. 6

19 2. Conductors 2.1 Strand Types Concentric Strand A concentric stranded conductor consists of a central wire or core surrounded by one or more layers of helically laid wires. Each layer after the first has six more wires than the preceding layer. Except in compact stranding, each layer is usually applied in a direction opposite to that of the layer under it. If the core is a single wire and if it and all of the outer strands have the same diameter, the first layer will contain six wires; the second, twelve; the third, eighteen; etc. Figure 2.1 Concentric Strand Bunch Strand The term bunch stranding is applied to a collection of strands twisted together in the same direction without regard to the geometric arrangement. Figure 2.2 Bunch Strand Rope Strand A rope stranded conductor is a concentric stranded conductor each of whose component strands is itself stranded. A rope stranded conductor is described by giving the number of groups laid together to form the rope and the number of wires in each group. Figure 2.3 Rope Strand Sector Conductor A sector conductor is a stranded conductor whose cross-section is approximately the shape of a sector of a circle. A multiple conductor insulated cable with sector conductors has a smaller diameter than the corresponding cable with round conductors. Figure 2.4 Sector Conductor Segmental Conductor A segmental conductor is a round, stranded conductor composed of three or four sectors slightly insulated from one another. This construction has the advantage of lower AC resistance due to increased surface area and skin effect. Figure 2.5 Segmental Conductor 7

20 2. Conductors Annular Conductor An annular conductor is a round, stranded conductor whose strands are laid around a suitable core. The core is usually made wholly or mostly of nonconducting material. This construction has the advantage of lower total AC resistance for a given cross-sectional area of conducting material due to the skin effect. Figure 2.6 Annular Conductor Compact Strand A compact stranded conductor is a round or sector conductor having all layers stranded in the same direction and rolled to a predetermined ideal shape. The finished conductor is smooth on the surface and contains practically no interstices or air spaces. This results in a smaller diameter. Figure 2.7 Compact Conductor Compressed Strand Compressed conductors are intermediate in size between standard concentric conductors and compact conductors. A comparison is shown below: Solid Compact Compressed Concentric Figure 2.8 Comparative Sizes and Shapes of 1,000 kcmil Conductors In a concentric stranded conductor, each individual wire is round and considerable space exists between wires. In a compressed conductor, the conductor has been put through a die that squeezes out some of the space between wires. In a compact conductor each wire is preformed into a trapezoidal shape before the wires are stranded together into a finished conductor. This results in even less space between wires. A compact conductor is, therefore, the smallest in diameter (except for a solid conductor, of course). Diameters for common conductor sizes are given in Table

21 2. Conductors Table 2.2 Diameters for Copper and Aluminum Conductors Conductor Size (AWG) (kcmil) Solid Class B Compact Nominal Diameters (in.) Class B Compressed Class B Concentric / / / / , Sources: ASTM B8 and B496 ICEA S (NEMA WC-70) 9

22 2. Conductors 2.2 Coatings There are three materials commonly used for coating a copper conductor: tin, silver and nickel. Tin is the most common and is used for improved corrosion resistance, solderability and to reduce friction between strands in flexible cables. Silver-plated conductors are used in high-temperature environments (150 C 200 C). It is also used for high-frequency applications where silver s high conductivity (better than copper) and the skin effect work together to reduce attenuation at high frequencies. Nickel coatings are used for conductors that operate between 200 C and 450 C. At these high temperatures, copper oxidizes rapidly if not nickel plated. One drawback of nickel is its poor solderability and higher electrical resistance. 2.3 Tensile Strength of Copper Wire Table 2.3 Tensile Strength of Copper Wire Size Soft or Annealed Medium Hard Drawn Hard Drawn (AWG) Max. Breaking Load (lb.) Min. Breaking Load (lb.) Min. Breaking Load (lb.) 4/0 6,000 6,970 8,140 3/0 4,750 5,660 6,720 2/0 3,765 4,600 5,530 1/0 2,985 3,730 4, ,435 3,020 3, ,930 2,450 3, ,535 1,990 2, ,215 1,580 1, ,010 1,

23 2. Conductors 2.4 Copper Strand Properties Strand Classes Table 2.4 Strand Classes ASTM Standard Construction Class Application B8 Concentric lay AA For bare conductors usually used in overhead lines. B173 ASTM Standard B172 Rope lay with concentric stranded members A For bare conductors where greater flexibility than is afforded by Class AA is required. B For conductors insulated with various materials such as EP, XLP, PVC, etc. This is the most common class. C For conductors where greater flexibility is required than is provided by Class B. D G H N/A Conductor constructions having a range of areas from 5,000,000 circular mils and employing 61 stranded members of 19 wires each down to No. 14 AWG containing seven stranded members stranded members of seven wires each. Typical uses are for portable (flexible) conductors and similar applications. Conductor constructions having a range of areas from 5,000,000 circular mils and employing 91 stranded members of 19 wires each down to No. 9 AWG containing 19 stranded members of seven wires each. Typical uses are for rubber-jacketed cords and conductors where flexibility is required, such as for use on take-up reels, over sheaves and apparatus conductors. Construction Class Conductor Size Individual Wire Size Application Rope lay with bunch stranded members (kcmil/awg) Diameter (in.) (AWG) I Up to 2, Typical use is for special apparatus cable. K Up to 2, Typical use is for portable cord. M Up to 1, Typical use is for welding cable. B174 Bunch stranded I 7, 8, 9, Rubber-covered conductors. J 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, Fixture wire. K 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, Fixture wire, flexible cord and portable cord. L 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, Fixture wire and portable cord with greater flexibility than Class K. M 14, 16, 18, Heater cord and light portable cord. O 16, 18, Heater cord with greater flexibility than Class M. P 16, 18, More flexible conductors than provided in preceding classes. Q 18, Oscillating fan cord. Very good flexibility. Source: Compiled from ASTM standards listed 11

24 2. Conductors Solid Copper Table 2.5 Standard Nominal Diameters and Cross-Sectional Areas of Solid Copper Wire Size (AWG) Diameter (mils) Cross-Sectional Area (kcmils) Weight (lb./1,000 ft.) Breaking Strength Soft or Annealed (lb.) 4/ / / / Continued on next page>> 12

25 2. Conductors Table 2.5 Standard Nominal Diameters and Cross-Sectional Areas of Solid Copper Wire (Continued) Size (AWG) Diameter (mils) Cross-Sectional Area (kcmils) Weight (lb./1,000 ft.) Breaking Strength Soft or Annealed (lb.) Source: ASTM B258, Specification for Standard Nominal Diameters and Cross-Sectional Areas of AWG Sizes of Solid Round Wires Used as Electrical Conductors 13

26 2. Conductors Class B, C and D Copper Strand Table 2.6 Class B Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors Size Number of Wires Diameter of Each Strand Weight Nominal Overall Diameter (AWG or kcmi) (mils) (lb./1,000 ft.) (in.) 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , / Continued >> 14

27 2. Conductors Table 2.6 Class B Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors (Continued) Size Number of Wires Diameter of Each Strand Weight Nominal Overall Diameter (AWG or kcmi) (mils) (lb./1,000 ft.) (in.) 3/ / / Source: ASTM B8 Specification for Concentric-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors, Hard, Medium-Hard, or Soft 15

28 2. Conductors Table 2.7 Copper Strand Diameters (AWG) Conductor Size (kcmil) Class B Compact (in.) Class B Compressed (in.) Stranding Class B Concentric (in.) Class C Concentric (in.) Class D Concentric (in.) / / / / , , Continued >> 16

29 2. Conductors Table 2.7 Copper Strand Diameters (Continued) (AWG) Conductor Size (kcmil) Class B Compact (in.) Class B Compressed (in.) Stranding Class B Concentric (in.) Class C Concentric (in.) Class D Concentric (in.) 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , Class H Copper Table 2.8 Class H Rope-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors Size (AWG or kcmil) Number of Strands Construction Nominal Diameter of Each Strand (in.) Nominal O.D. (in.) Nominal Weight (lb./1,000 ft.) x x x x x x x x x / x / x / x / x / x / x Continued >> 17

30 2. Conductors Table 2.8 Class H Rope-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors (Continued) Size (AWG or kcmil) Number of Strands Construction Nominal Diameter of Each Strand (in.) Nominal O.D. (in.) Nominal Weight (lb./1,000 ft.) x x x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x , x ,895 1, x ,205 1, x ,535 1, x ,845 1, x ,015 1, x ,170 1, x ,485 1, x ,815 1,600 1,159 61x ,145 1,700 1,159 61x ,455 1,750 1,159 61x ,625 1,800 1,159 61x ,770 1,900 1,159 61x ,100 2,000 1,159 61x ,400 Source: ICEA S (NEMA 70) Appendix K 18

31 2. Conductors Class I Copper Table 2.9 Class I (24 AWG Strands) Rope-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors Size (AWG or kcmil) Construction Nominal Number of Strands Nominal 0.D. (in.) Nominal Weight (lb./1,000 ft.) 10 1x x x x x x x x x x /0 19x /0 19x /0 19x /0 19x x7x x7x x7x , x7x , x7x23 1, , x7x25 1, , x7x28 1, , x7x30 1, , x7x12 1, , x7x13 1, , x7x14 1, , x7x15 1, , x7x17 2, ,965 1,000 19x7x19 2, ,305 1,100 19x7x21 2, ,655 1,200 19x7x22 2, ,830 1,250 19x7x23 3, ,000 1,300 19x7x24 3, ,175 1,400 19x7x26 3, ,560 1,500 19x7x28 3, ,875 1,600 19x7x30 3, ,220 1,700 19x7x32 4, ,570 1,750 19x7x ,745 1,800 19x7x34 4, ,920 1,900 19x7x36 4, ,265 2,000 19x7x37 4, ,440 Source: ICEA S (NEMA WC 58) Appendix K 19

32 2. Conductors Class K Copper Table 2.10 Class K (30 AWG Strands) Rope-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors Size Rope-Lay with Bunch Stranding Bunch Stranding Weight (AWG or kcmil) Nominal Number of Strands Strand Construction Nominal Number of Strands Approx. O.D. (in.) (lb./1,000 ft.) 1,000 10,101 37x7x39 10, , ,065 37x7x35 9, , ,980 19x7x60 7, , ,581 19x7x57 7, , ,916 19x7x52 6, , ,517 19x7x49 6, , ,985 19x7x45 5, , ,453 19x7x41 5, , ,054 19x7x38 5, , ,522 19x7x34 4, , ,990 1x7x30 3, , ,458 19x7x26 3, , ,989 7x7x61 2, ,499 7x7x51 2, /0 2,107 7x7x43 2, /0 1,666 7x7x34 1, /0 1,323 7x7x27 1, /0 1,064 19x56 1, x x x x x x x x x Sources: ASTM B172 Specification for Rope-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors Having Bunch-Stranded Members and ICEA S (NEMA WC58) Appendix K 20

33 2. Conductors Class M Copper Table 2.11 Class M (34 AWG Strands) Rope-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors Size Rope-Lay with Bunch Stranding Bunch Stranding Weight (AWG or kcmil) Nominal Number of Strands Strand Construction Nominal Number of Strands Approx. O.D. (in.) (lb./1,000 ft.) 1,000 25,193 61x7x59 25, , ,631 61x7x53 22, , ,069 61x7x47 20, , ,788 61x7x44 18, , ,507 61x7x41 17, , ,226 61x7x38 16, , ,945 61x7x35 14, , ,664 61x7x32 13, , ,691 37x7x49 12, , ,396 37x7x44 11, , ,101 37x7x39 10, , ,806 37x7x34 8, , ,581 19x7x57 7, ,384 19x7x48 6, /0 5,320 19x7x40 5, /0 4,256 19x7x32 4, /0 3,325 19x7x25 3, /0 2,646 7x7x54 2, ,107 7x7x43 2, ,666 7x7x34 1, ,323 7x7x27 1, ,064 19x56 1, x x x x x x x Sources: ASTM B172 Specification for Rope-Lay-Stranded Copper Conductors Having Bunch-Stranded Members and ICEA S (NEMA WC58) 21

34 2. Conductors 2.5 Aluminum Strand Properties Solid Aluminum Table 2.12 Aluminum 1350 Solid Round Wire Size (AWG or kcmil) Diameter (mils) Cross-Sectional Area (kcmils) Weight (lb./1,000 ft.) 4/ / / / Source: ASTM B609 Specification for Aluminum 1350 Round Wire, Annealed and Intermediate Tempers 22

35 2. Conductors Class B Aluminum Table 2.13 Class B Concentric-Lay-Stranded Compressed, Reverse-Lay Aluminum 1350 Conductors Size (AWG or kcmil) Number of Wires Diameter of Each Wire (mils) Nominal Overall Diameter (in.) 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , / / / Continued >> 23

36 2. Conductors Table 2.13 Class B Concentric-Lay-Stranded Compressed, Reverse-Lay Aluminum 1350 Conductors (Continued) Size (AWG or kcmil) Number of Wires Diameter of Each Wire (mils) Nominal Overall Diameter (in.) 1/ Source: ASTM B231 Concentric-Lay-Stranded Aluminum 1350 Conductors ACSR Table 2.14 Concentric-Lay-Stranded Aluminum Conductors, Coated-Steel Reinforced (ACSR) Size Stranding Weight (AWG or kcmil) Aluminum Number/Diameter (in.) Steel Number/Diameter (in.) (lb./1,000 ft.) 2,156 84/ / ,511 1,780 84/ / ,074 1,590 54/ / ,044 1,590 45/ / ,792 1,431 54/ / ,840 1,431 45/ / ,613 1,272 54/ / ,635 1,272 45/ / ,434 1,113 54/ / ,431 1,113 45/ / , / / , / / ,075 Continued >> 24

37 2. Conductors Table 2.14 Concentric-Lay-Stranded Aluminum Conductors, Coated-Steel Reinforced (ACSR) (Continued) Size Stranding Weight (AWG or kcmil) Aluminum Number/Diameter (in.) Steel Number/Diameter (in.) (lb./1,000 ft.) / / / / , / / , / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / /0 6/ / / / / / / / / / /0 6/ / / / / / /0 6/ / / / /0 6/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / Source: ASTM B232 Specification for Concentric-Lay-Stranded Aluminum Conductors, Coated-Steel Reinforced (ACSR) 25

38 2. Conductors 2.6 Additional Conductor Properties Stranding, Diameter, Area and DC Resistance (32 Through 4/0 AWG) Table 2.15 Stranding, Diameter, Area and DC Resistance Size Stranding Conductor Diameter Conductor Area Copper DC Resistance at 20 C (AWG) (No./AWG) (in.) (mm) (cmils) (mm 2 ) (ohms/1,000 ft.) (ohms/km) 30 Solid / Solid / / Solid / / Solid / / / Solid / / / Solid , / , / , / , / , Solid , / , / , / , / , Solid , / , / , / , / , Continued >> 26

39 2. Conductors Table 2.15 Stranding, Diameter, Area and DC Resistance (Continued) Size Stranding Conductor Diameter Conductor Area Copper DC Resistance at 20 C (AWG) (No./AWG) (in.) (mm) (cmils) (mm 2 ) (ohms/1,000 ft.) (ohms/km) 14 Solid , / , / , Solid , / , / , Solid , / , / , Solid , / , / , Solid , / , / , Solid , / , / , Solid , / , Solid , / , /0 Solid , ,045/ , /0 Solid , ,330/ , /0 Solid , ,661/ , /0 Solid , ,104/ ,

40 2. Conductors Stranding, Diameter, Area, DC Resistance and Weight (20 AWG Through 2,000 kcmil) Table 2.16 Copper Conductor Stranding, Diameter, Area, Weight and DC Resistance Nominal Area Size Number/Diameter of Individual Wires Overall Diameter (mm 2 ) (cmils) (AWG) (in.) (mm) (in.) (mm) (lb./ 1,000 ft.) Nominal Weight (kg/km) (ohms/ 1,000 ft.) DC Resistance at 20 C (68 F) (ohms/km) / / , / / ,480 1/ / , / / , / / ,970 1/ / ,970 7/ / , / / , / / ,960 1/ / ,960 7/ / , / / , / / ,930 1/ / ,930 7/ / , / / , / / ,890 1/ / ,890 7/ / , / / , / / ,800 1/ / ,800 7/ / , / / , / / , / / , / / ,700 1/ / ,700 7/ / , / / , / / Continued >> 28

41 2. Conductors Table 2.16 Copper Conductor Stranding, Diameter, Area, Weight and DC Resistance (Continued) Nominal Area Size Number/Diameter of Individual Wires Overall Diameter (mm 2 ) (cmils) (AWG) (in.) (mm) (in.) (mm) (lb./ 1,000 ft.) Nominal Weight (kg/km) (ohms/ 1,000 ft.) DC Resistance at 20 C (68 F) (ohms/km) 26, / / , / / ,600 7/ / , / / , / / ,300 7/ / , / / ,100 7/ / ,100 19/ / , / / ,700 19/ / ,400 1/0 19/ / ,100 2/0 19/ / ,000 19/ / ,800 3/0 19/ / ,800 3/0 37/ / ,000 19/ / ,600 4/0 19/ / ,000 37/ / , ,000 37/ / , ,000 37/ / , ,000 37/ / ,081 1, ,000 37/ / ,142 1, ,000 37/ / ,235 1, ,000 37/ / ,484 2, ,000 61/ / ,491 2, ,000 37/ / ,608 2, ,000 61/ / ,549 2, ,000 61/ / ,842 2, ,000 61/ / ,853 2, ,000 61/ / ,160 3, ,000 61/ / ,316 3, Continued >> 29

42 2. Conductors Table 2.16 Copper Conductor Stranding, Diameter, Area, Weight and DC Resistance (Continued) Nominal Area Size Number/Diameter of Individual Wires Overall Diameter (mm 2 ) (cmils) (AWG) (in.) (mm) (in.) (mm) (lb./ 1,000 ft.) Nominal Weight (kg/km) (ohms/ 1,000 ft.) DC Resistance at 20 C (68 F) (ohms/km) 750,000 91/ / ,316 3, ,000 61/ / ,447 3, ,000 61/ / ,468 3, ,000 91/ / ,471 3, ,000,000 61/ / ,085 4, ,000,000 91/ / ,085 4, ,234,000 91/ / ,845 5, ,250,000 91/ / ,858 5, ,250, / / ,858 6, ,500,000 91/ / ,631 6, ,500, / / ,632 6, ,580,000 91/ / ,894 7, ,000 1,970,000 91/ / ,070 9, ,000, / / ,175 9, ,000, / / ,176 9, Based on British (BSA), Canadian (CSA), American (ASTM and ICEA) and German (VDE) Standards 30