Gerontology February 2012 Needs Assessment Prepared by Carli Straight Date: February 24, 2012 Gerontology 1
Scope Data compiled in this report covers San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and Los Angeles Counties. Data were drawn from external sources, including the Employment Development Department s California Labor Market Information and the U.S. Department of Education s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), and Chaffey College s Colleague Administrative database. Data Sources and Calculations Educational Program Data TOP Code Program of Study 1309.00 Gerontology The Taxonomy of Programs (TOP) is a standardized system used at the state level to classify programs and courses that are intended to achieve the same outcome at different colleges throughout the state. CIP Code Program of Study 19.0702 Adult Development and Aging 30.1101 Gerontology The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) is a standardized coding system used at the federal level to facilitate accurate tracking, assessment, and reporting of fields of study and program completion at educational institutions throughout the country. This report draws on the Adult Development and Aging and Gerontology CIP codes, which map to the Gerontology TOP code, to compare Chaffey College to other institutions and examine employment trends. Completions Data Degree and certificate data regarding students at Chaffey College were collected from the Colleague Administrative database. Degree and certificate data for all comparison schools were collected from the U.S. Department of Education s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). All comparison institutions included in this report are postsecondary and have provided data to IPEDS. IPEDS defines postsecondary education as a formal program designed primarily for students beyond high school age. These include academic, vocational, and continuing professional education, and exclude avocational and adult basic education programs. Occupational Data SOC Code Occupational Title 21.1093.00 Social and Human Service Assistants 25.9021.00 Farm and Home Management Advisors 29.1141.00 Registered Nurses 29.1141.04 Clinical Nurse Specialists 29.1171.00 Nurse Practitioners 2
The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system is used by federal statistical agencies to classify workers into occupational categories. A degree or certificate in Gerontology affords many career opportunities. The occupations listed in the table above illustrate the most prominent of these possibilities. Educational Program to Occupation Crosswalk The TOP-CIP-SOC Crosswalk (Employment Development Department, 2007) was used in this report to map TOP codes to CIP and SOC codes. This crosswalk allows the user to estimate labor market demand for California Community College program completers using SOC-based projections from the California Labor Market Information Division. Industry Data The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is used by federal statistical agencies to classify business establishments for the purpose of conducting and reporting research on the U.S. business economy. The Standard Occupation Classification codes are mapped to industry data by the California Labor Market Information Division. Industry information is used to geographically map the business locations of potential employers as well as to observe trends across the industries that employ the occupations identified above. 3
Introduction and Contents Contents Background Information. 5 Regional Job Outlook 8 Largest and Fastest Growing Industry Employers 11 Regional Graduation Summary 14 Chaffey College s Performance on Core Indicators 15 Map of Selected Regional Employers and Competitor Institutions 16 Purpose and Goals Chaffey College currently offers a Certificate and Associate of Science degree in Gerontology, both requiring successful completion of 22-25 units. In addition, a non-transcripted Community Caregiver Certificate, requiring 6-16.5 units, is offered through the Gerontology program. The 2011-2012 Chaffey College Catalog program description reads as follows: Gerontology prepares students for new careers resulting from the increasing population of older people. This is an interdisciplinary field incorporating research on aging in psychology, physiology, and sociology as well as public policy and social ethics Gerontology courses provide short-term training for immediate employment and may also lead to a Community Caregiver certificate, a certificate in Gerontology, or an Associate of Science degree in Gerontology Nurses, social workers, and administrators of care facilities may earn Continuing Education units. Gerontology is increasingly important in professions such as medicine, law, architecture, mental health, and social work. Transfer students will find Gerontology courses at more than 15 California universities. Other employment opportunities are found in residential communities, recreation, marketing, nutrition, counseling and referral, paralegal services, and businesses and agencies serving older adults, including persons with dementia. labor market needs for the Gerontology program at Chaffey College. The goal is to help Chaffey College align its program offerings to the economy and labor market of its service area. Regional Definitions Inland Empire includes the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) Los Angeles County includes the Los Angeles- Long Beach-Glendale Metro Division Orange County includes the Santa Ana- Anaheim-Irvine Metro Division Key Terms and Concepts Replacement Jobs: Replacement jobs refer to the number of job openings due to workers leaving an occupation. Annual Openings: Annual openings are calculated by adding the number of new jobs to the number of replacement jobs, divided by the number of years in the projection period. Projections: Projections of employment are calculated by the Employment Development Department and are based on a mathematical formula that includes historical employment and economic indicators along with national, state, and local trends. Occupation: Jobs are grouped into occupations using the federal Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Industry: Occupations are grouped into industries using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Wages: Hourly wages are reported in percentiles and averages. The 25 th percentile is a useful proxy of entry-level wages and the 75 th percentile of experienced-level wages. The purpose of this report is to integrate and analyze data from multiple sources to determine 4
Background Information Gerontology Gerontology programs in California Community Colleges focus on teaching students the principles and practices of working with older adults. 1 The following five occupational categories provide employment opportunities for completers of Gerontology programs. The descriptions of job duties are provided by the Occupational Information Network. 2 Clinical Nurse Specialists Clinical Nurse Specialists plan, direct, or coordinate the daily patient care activities in a clinical practice. Typical Tasks Collaborate with other health care professionals and service providers to ensure optimal patient care Provide specialized direct and indirect care to inpatients and outpatients within a designated specialty such as obstetrics, neurology, oncology, or neonatal care Observe, interview, and assess patients to identify care needs Monitor or evaluate medical conditions of patients in collaboration with other health care professionals Read current literature, talk with colleagues, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in nursing Develop or assist others in development of care and treatment plans Develop, implement, or evaluate standards of nursing practice in specialty area such as pediatrics, acute care, and geriatrics Plan, evaluate, or modify treatment programs based on information gathered by observing and interviewing patients, or by analyzing patient records Make clinical recommendations to physicians, other health care providers, insurance companies, patients, or health care organizations Identify training needs or conduct training sessions for nursing students or medical staff 1 California Community Colleges, Chancellor s Office, Taxonomy of Programs, Sixth Edition (Corrected Version). 2 O*Net Online: http://online.onetcenter.org/find 5
Farm and Home Management Advisors Farm and Home Management Advisors advise, instruct, and assist individuals and families engaged in agriculture, agricultural-related processes, or home economics activities. Typical Tasks Collaborate with producers in order to diagnose and prevent management and production problems Conduct classes or deliver lectures on subjects such as nutrition, home management, and farming techniques Advise farmers and demonstrate techniques in areas such as feeding and health maintenance of livestock, growing and harvesting practices, and financial planning Research information requested by farmers Prepare and distribute leaflets, pamphlets, and visual aids for educational and informational purposes Collect and evaluate data in order to determine community program needs Maintain records of services provided and the effects of advice given Schedule and make regular visits to farmers Organize, advise, and participate in community activities and organizations such as county and state fair events and 4-H Clubs Collaborate with social service and health care professionals in order to advise individuals and families on home management practices such as budget planning, meal preparation, and time management Nurse Practitioners Nurse Practitioners diagnose and treat acute, episodic, or chronic illness, independently or as part of a healthcare team. Typical Tasks Prescribe medication dosages, routes, and frequencies based on patients characteristics such as age and gender Order, perform, or interpret the results of diagnostic tests such as complete blood counts (CBCs), electrocardiograms (EKGs), and radiographs (x-rays) Analyze and interpret patients histories, symptoms, physical findings, or diagnostic information to develop appropriate diagnoses Develop treatment plans based on scientific rationale, standards of care, and professional practice guidelines Diagnose or treat acute health care problems such as illnesses, infections, and injuries Prescribe medications based on efficacy, safety, and cost as legally authorized Counsel patients about drug regimens and possible side effects or interactions with other substances such as food supplements, over-the-counter (OTC) medications, and herbal remedies Recommend interventions to modify behavior associated with health risks Detect and respond to adverse drug reactions, with special attention to vulnerable populations such as infants, children, pregnant and lactating women, and older adults Educate patients about self-management of acute or chronic illnesses, tailoring instructions to patients individual circumstances 6
Registered Nurses Registered Nurses assess patient health problems and needs, develop and implement nursing care plans, and maintain medical records. Typical Tasks Monitor, record, and report symptoms or changes in patients conditions Maintain accurate, detailed reports and records Record patients medical information and vital signs Order, interpret, and evaluate diagnostic tests to identify and assess patient s condition Modify patient treatment plans as indicated by patients responses and conditions Direct or supervise less-skilled nursing or healthcare personnel or supervise a particular unit Consult and coordinate with healthcare team members to assess, plan, implement, or evaluate patient care plans Monitor all aspects of patient care, including diet and physical activity Instruct individuals, families, or other groups on topics such as health education, disease prevention, or childbirth and develop health improvement programs Prepare patients for and assist with examinations or treatments Social and Human Service Assistants Social and Human Service Assistants assist in providing client services in a wide variety of fields, such as psychology, rehabilitation, or social work, including support for families. Typical Tasks Keep records or prepare reports for owner or management concerning visits with clients Submit reports and review reports or problems with superior Interview individuals or family members to compile information on social, educational, criminal, institutional, or drug history Provide information or refer individuals to public or private agencies or community services for assistance Consult with supervisor concerning programs for individual families Advise clients regarding food stamps, child care, food, money management, sanitation, or housekeeping Oversee day-to-day group activities of residents in institution Visit individuals in homes or attend group meetings to provide information on agency services, requirements, or procedures Monitor free, supplementary meal program to ensure cleanliness of facility and that eligibility guidelines are met for persons receiving meals Meet with youth groups to acquaint them with consequences of delinquent acts 7
Regional Job Outlook Gerontology and Career Opportunities 3 Gerontology is a multidisciplinary field that integrates information from several areas of study, including biology, sociology, psychology, public policy, and economics. Its multidisciplinarity allows students the opportunity to enter many different types of careers. For example, a student who earns a certificate in Gerontology may work as an activity coordinator, care/case aide, elder care provider, geriatric aide, home care specialist, home health aide, intergenerational care provider, nurse aide, professional caregiver, program aide or assistant, or registry coordinator. Similarly, a student who earns an associate s degree in Gerontology may work as a case manager, community activity planner, community services worker, family services worker, human service worker, life skills counselor, mental health aide, occupational therapy aide, physical therapy aide, recreation specialist, registry coordinator, registered nurse, residential counselor aide, respiratory therapy aide, senior center director, senior supportive services, or social work assistant. 3 Projected Regional Job Outlook The table below displays 2008 employment estimates and 2018 employment projections for occupations related to Gerontology. Unfortunately, projections were not available for 3 of the 5 associated occupations. Where data are available, the table shows that job offerings are plentiful for Registered Nurses and Social and Human Services Assistants. In addition, Los Angeles County supplies the most overall jobs and job openings for both occupations across the four county region. Total Estimated 2008 Jobs Total Projected 2018 Jobs Projected Growth (%) Ave. Annual New Job Openings Ave. Annual Replacement Job Openings Ave. Annual Total Job Openings Clinical Nurse Specialists State of California -- -- -- -- -- -- Inland Empire -- -- -- -- -- -- Los Angeles CO -- -- -- -- -- -- Orange CO -- -- -- -- -- -- Farm and Home Management Advisors State of California -- -- -- -- -- -- Inland Empire -- -- -- -- -- -- Los Angeles CO -- -- -- -- -- -- Orange CO -- -- -- -- -- -- Nurse Practitioners State of California -- -- -- -- -- -- Inland Empire -- -- -- -- -- -- Los Angeles CO -- -- -- -- -- -- Orange CO -- -- -- -- -- -- 3 California Community Colleges, Family and Consumer Sciences. FCS Program Plan 2009, Gerontology. 8
Total Estimated 2008 Jobs Total Projected 2018 Jobs Projected Growth (%) Ave. Annual New Job Openings Ave. Annual Replacement Job Openings Ave. Annual Total Job Openings Registered Nurses State of California 236,400 297,200 60,800 (25.7%) 6,080 4,130 10,210 Inland Empire 21,380 26,550 5,170 (24.2%) 517 374 891 Los Angeles CO 61,760 79,960 18,200 (29.5%) 1,820 1,079 2,899 Orange CO 20,880 25,880 5,000 (23.9%) 500 365 865 Social and Human Service Assistants State of California 32,200 37,900 5,700 (17.7%) 570 680 1,250 Inland Empire 2,310 2,700 390 (16.9%) 39 48 87 Los Angeles CO 8,760 10,950 2,190 (25.0%) 219 185 404 Orange CO 1,840 2,180 340 (18.5%) 34 39 73 Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/ (visited February 24, 2012). Projected Regional Job Growth The graph below shows the projected job growth from 2008 to 2018 for Registered Nurses and Social and Human Service Assistants. In both cases, all of the regions of interest are expected to experience high levels of growth over the ten year time period. Registered Nursing positions, in particular, expected to grow much faster than average, whereas Social and Human Service Assistant positions are expected to grow faster than average. % Growth 50 40 30 20 10 0 California Registered Nurses Inland Empire Los Angeles County Orange County % Growth 50 40 30 20 10 0 California Social and Human Service Assistants Inland Empire Los Angeles County Orange County Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/ (visited February 24, 2012). 9
Regional Hourly Wages This table displays the 1 st quarter 2011 hourly wage statistics of individuals employed in each of the five Gerontology-related occupations. Again, data are missing for some of these occupations; specifically, wages were not reported for Clinical Nurse Specialists and Nurse Practitioners. Where data are available, however, it is clear that Registered Nurses earn the highest wages, ranging from $32/hr $50/hr. On the other hand, Social and Human Service Assistants earn significantly less, with wages ranging from $11/hr $21/hr. Mean Hourly Rate 25 th Percentile Median Hourly Rate 75 th Percentile Clinical Nurse Specialists State of California -- -- -- -- Inland Empire -- -- -- -- Los Angeles CO -- -- -- -- Orange CO -- -- -- -- Farm and Home Management Advisors State of California $29.75 $21.71 $29.85 $36.56 Inland Empire -- -- -- -- Los Angeles CO $36.18 $31.54 $35.00 $39.35 Orange CO -- -- -- -- Nurse Practitioners State of California -- -- -- -- Inland Empire -- -- -- -- Los Angeles CO -- -- -- -- Orange CO -- -- -- -- Registered Nurses State of California $42.65 $34.43 $41.61 $50.33 Inland Empire $38.90 $33.16 $38.29 $44.90 Los Angeles CO $40.27 $33.38 $39.75 $46.71 Orange CO $37.77 $31.96 $38.27 $43.92 Social and Human Service Assistants State of California $17.09 $12.68 $16.22 $20.52 Inland Empire $14.91 $11.45 $14.57 $17.50 Los Angeles CO $17.06 $13.11 $16.49 $20.62 Orange CO $16.53 $11.70 $16.15 $20.48 Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/ (visited February 24, 2012). 10
Largest and Fastest Growing Industry Employers Largest Industry Employers for Gerontology-Related Occupations The graph below displays the 2008 staffing patterns of the ten largest industries employing Registered Nurses and Social and Human Service Assistants, the only Gerontology-related occupations for which these data were available, across the state of California. As indicated, General Medical and Surgical Hospitals employed the largest number of Registered Nurses, whereas Local Government employed the largest number of Social and Human Service Assistants. Number of Employees 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Registered Nurses Number of Employees 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Social and Human Service Assistants Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Staffing Patterns, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/iomatrix/staffing-patterns1.asp (visited February 24, 2012). 11
Change Over Time of the Largest Industry Employers of Gerontology-Related Occupations The graph below displays the change patterns from 2008-2018 of the ten largest industries employing Registered Nurses and Social and Human Service Assistants in the state of California. The data indicate that all ten of the largest industries employing Registered Nurses are expected to grow, with growth rates ranging from 8% - 26%. Eight of the ten largest industries employing Social and Human Service Assistants are expected to grow, with Individual and Family Services expected to grow the most (33%). 60.00% Registered Nurses Percent Change 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Social and Human Service Assistants Percent Change 35.00% 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Staffing Patterns, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/iomatrix/staffing-patterns1.asp (visited February 24, 2012). 12
Other Industries with Growth in Gerontology-Related Occupations Aside from the ten largest industries that were displayed in the graphs above, there are ten other industries with growth in Registered Nurses positions and five other industries with growth in Social and Human Service Assistant positions. The table below displays these additional industries along with their expected growth from 2008 to 2018. Industry Employment in California 2008 2018 Numeric Change Percent Growth Registered Nurses Psychiatric & Substance Abuse Hospitals 3,100 3,200 100 3.2% Other Hospitals 3,100 3,600 500 16.1% Colleges and Universities 1,500 1,800 300 20.0% Community Care Facility for the Elderly 1,100 1,300 200 18.2% Other Ambulatory Health Care Services 900 1,200 300 33.3% Individual and Family Services 800 900 100 12.5% Office Administrative Services 700 1,000 300 42.9% Officers of Other Health Practitioners 400 500 100 25.0% Management & Technical Consulting Svc 300 400 100 33.3% Emergency and Other Relief Services 100 200 100 100.0% Social and Human Service Assistants Offices of Physicians 500 600 100 20.0% Grantmaking and Giving Services 500 600 100 20.0% Offices of Other Health Practitioners 300 400 100 33.3% Junior Colleges 0 100 100 N/A Professional and Similar Organizations 0 100 100 N/A Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Staffing Patterns, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/iomatrix/staffing-patterns1.asp (visited February 24, 2012). 13
Regional Graduation Summary Education and Training 5 Registered Nurses There are three traditional educational pathways to becoming a registered nurse: a bachelor s of science degree in nursing (BSN), an associate s degree in nursing (ADN), and a diploma from an approved nursing program. BSN programs take about 4 years to complete, whereas AND programs take about 2 to 3 years to complete and diplomas take about 3 years to complete. Before becoming a licensed Registered Nurse in the state of California, candidates must not only complete their educational program, but must also pass the National Council for Licensure Examination (NCLEX). Generally, licensed graduates of any of these three programs qualify for entry-level positions as staff nurse. 5 Social and Human Service Assistants Most employers will hire Social and Human Service Assistants with an associate s degree or certificate in social work, human services, gerontology, or one of the social or behavioral sciences plus volunteer or work experience. 5 Typically, high school graduates or those with some college education are given onthe-job-training before working directly with clients, whereas college graduates may be assigned to counseling, program coordinating, case supervisory, or group home management positions. In California, 58% of working Social and Human Assistants between the ages of 25 and 44 years possess a bachelor s degree or higher, 26% have some college, and 16% are high school graduates or less. A successful Social and Human Service Assistant will possess skills in active listening, speaking, reading comprehension, social perceptiveness, critical thinking, service orientation, and writing. 6 Regional Completers in Adult Development and Aging Programs The table below displays the number of program completers in the 2010-11 academic year at regional institutions offering an associate s degree or certificate in Adult Development and Aging. No institution in the region offered an associate s or certificate under the Gerontology CIP code. Institution Name < 1 year Certificate 1 to < 2 year Certificate Adult Development and Aging Award Level Associate s Degree 2 to < 4 year Certificate Chaffey College 11 -- 4 -- Coastline Community College 8 -- -- -- Cypress College 1 -- -- -- Total 27 -- 4 -- Note: -- indicates that this type of degree is not offered. 0 indicates that this degree is offered but no degrees or certificates were granted. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, on the Internet at: http://www.nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/ 5 O*Net Online: http://online.onetcenter.org/find 6 Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, on the Internet at: http://www.bls.gov/oco/ (visited February 24, 2012). 14
Chaffey College s Performance on Core Indicators The Perkins IV Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 mandates that all state and local postsecondary institutions provide data on six core performance indicators for their career and technical education programs. These indicators are: 1) Technical Skill Attainment; 2) Completions; 3) Persistence and Transfer; 4) Employment; 5) Nontraditional Participation; and 6) Nontraditional Completion. Performance goals are set at the state and local levels and progress is monitored based on a comparison between the actual percentage of students who master each performance area and the negotiated levels of performance. 2009-2010 Chaffey College Performance on Core Indicators The table below displays negotiated and actual core performance indicator levels for all Chaffey College students classified under the Gerontology TOP code. As can be seen, Chaffey students achieved above district negotiated levels in the two areas for which sufficient data were available. Core Performance Indicators Negotiated Level State District Chaffey College Performance Percent Above or Below District Negotiated Level Core 1 Technical Skill Attainment 88.82% 88.82% 92.31% 3.5 Core 2 Completions- Credential, Certificate, Degree, or Transfer Ready 80.93% 76.88% 88.89% N/A Core 3 Persistence and Transfer 85.86% 85.86% 88.00% 2.1 Core 4 Employment 81.48% 81.48% 77.78% N/A Core 5a Non-traditional Participation 22.08% 20.53% N/R N/R Core 5b Non-traditional Completions 25.00% 22.75% N/R N/R Note: N/A (Not Applicable) indicates denominators less than 10. N/R (Not Reported) indicates that no participants were reported. Source: CA Community Colleges Reporting Services, Gerontology, College Core Indicator Information by 6-Digit TOP (2012-2013 Fiscal Planning Year). 15
Map of Selected Regional Employers and Competitor Institutions Individual and Family Services, specializing in services for the elderly and disabled, employ the second largest percentage of Social and Human Service Assistants in the state of California (19.8%). It is also the fastest growing of the ten largest industries employing Social and Human Service Assistants in the state of California. Across all four counties of interest, there are 408 Individual and Family Services industry employers listed by the California Labor Market (257 in Los Angeles County, 73 in Orange County, 38 in Riverside County, and 40 in San Bernardino County). This map illustrates the location of each of these industries as well as the locations of Chaffey College and other competitor schools offering associate s degrees or certificates in Gerontology and/or Adult Development and Aging. 16