Chicago, Illinois 2010 UNDERGRADUATE SPECIAL EDUCATION Teacher Preparation Program Design D While general professional coursework enhances the design of this program, there are other critical elements in need of significant improvement. Specifically, reading and mathematics preparation are extremely inadequate and mathematics preparation, the institution does not play a pivotal role in the selection of cooperating teachers for student teachers, and the institution fails to ensure that special education teacher candidates receive the liberal arts education that best equips them to assist in teaching the Illinois K-9 curriculum. Special Education Teacher Production (2009): 76 Summary of Ratings 1 Selective admissions 2 Serious coursework 3 Exit exams 4 Understanding diversity 7 Education issues 9 Assistive technology 10 Global perspective 11 Training model 12 Early field work 13 Full-time student teaching 14 Aligned student teaching 15 Student teaching placements 18 Special education assessment 19 Cognitive psychology 20 Classroom management 22 Preparation efficiency 23 Course frequency 24 Graduate outcomes 25 Graduates' effectiveness 26 Faculty expertise 35 Broad subject preparation 36a Reading instruction 36b Reading instruction 37 Elementary math 38 Special education pedagogy 39 Teacher production Selectivity 1. Selective admissions. The institution admits teacher candidates with strong academic records as determined by objective measures used typically for admission to undergraduate or graduate programs. The standards for admission into either the institution or its teacher preparation program should select undergraduate teacher candidates from only the top half of the college population and select graduate teacher candidates with a similar standard as measured by an admissions test commonly used for entry into graduate studies. At both the undergraduate and graduate levels, the institution should encourage the applications of strong candidates by waiving content course requirements for candidates with advanced standing. Because Northeastern Illinois is only rated as less selective in its admissions by U.S. News and World Report, NCTQ also checked the entrance criteria for admission into its College of Education. While the college's requirements commendably exceed the state s requirement (that all applicants to teacher preparation must pass a basic skills test), it still does not fully meet the standard because its entrance criteria result in candidates being admitted who fall below the 50th percentile of the college-going population and who are unlikely to meet the academic demands of teaching. www.nctq.org/edschoolreports 1
2010 NCTQ Teacher Preparation Program Design Ratings 2. Serious coursework. The institution ensures that coursework has a seriousness of purpose, reflecting college-level work. Coursework assignments should require mastery of course content, not mimic the educational experience of children as if the teacher candidates were themselves the ages of the children they will one day teach. The institution meets this standard because all but a very small portion of assignments reflect a seriousness of purpose and require mastery of course content. 3. Exit exams. When state standards as measured by licensing exams appear inadequate, the institution elects to set a higher standard for program completion. If the state does not require a rigorous licensure test that measures candidates knowledge of every subject taught, institutions must fill the vacuum. The institution does not meet this standard because it relies only on the state s special education general curriculum test to determine if its special education teacher candidates possess adequate knowledge of reading instruction, as well as content knowledge in four core subject areas. This test is wholly inadequate, both because of its low level of rigor and the lack of separate cut-scores for each subject. Recognizing that the state is responsible for setting an inadequate state-wide standard, nothing prevents the institution from independently requiring that its graduates pass rigorous assessments in reading instruction and each of four core subject areas. Preparation for the 21st Century Classroom 4. Understanding diversity. The institution exposes teacher candidates to the history, culture and language of the principal minority and ethnic groups residing in the state. Teaching students in the nation s diverse classrooms requires more than cultural awareness it also requires an understanding of the impact that culture can have on student learning. rated, nor does it factor into overall program or institutional ratings. Our analysis of how institutions expose teacher candidates to the history, culture and language of principal minority and ethnic groups residing in the state was confined to undergraduate elementary preparation programs at five public and five private institutions. An inventory of information collected relative to this standard is provided on the website for Ed School Essentials: A Report on Teacher Education in Illinois (www.nctq.org/edschoolreports/illinois/standards/4findings.jsp) 5. This standard pertains to practice anchoring instruction with the state's learning standards. It was not evaluated because it requires syllabi for coursework that was not part of our evaluation of special education programs. 6. This standard pertains to practice developing instruction that meets the needs of English language learners. It was not evaluated because it requires syllabi for coursework that was not part of our evaluation of special education programs. 7. Education issues. The institution exposes teacher candidates to the most critical education issues of the day, notably the achievement gap. Teachers need to understand the background and context for policy actions in education so that they can contribute to solutions. rated, nor does it factor into overall program or institutional ratings. We note that one course includes coverage of education policy challenges. 2 www.nctq.org/edschoolreports
8. This standard pertains to instruction on the use of technology. It was not evaluated because we evaluated special education programs on instruction on the use of assistive technology (see Standard 9). 9. Assistive technology. The institution ensures that special education teacher candidates are adequately prepared on the uses of assistive technologies. Assistive technology has the potential to enable students with disabilities to fully access instruction and demonstrate their capabilities. The institution meets this standard because teacher candidates are introduced to the appropriate use of assistive technologies for students with special needs. 10. Global perspective. The institution values the importance of a global perspective, imparting an understanding of the world, its history and its cultures to all students enrolled in the institution, including teacher candidates. The world has shrunk. Recognition of that fact should pervade the campus. Because this standard is still in a developmental phase, we do not provide an institutional rating and our findings should only be viewed as exploratory. We note that teacher candidates (for elementary certification) must take a non- Western course. There is, however, no language requirement. Several education-focused study abroad programs are offered, 13% of the student body is non-resident aliens. Practice Teaching 11. Training model. The institution has a strong clinical model with some level of commitment to training students in high-needs, high-functioning schools. The institution should demonstrate that it supports the nation s goal of educational equity. rated, nor does it factor into overall program or institutional ratings. Our analysis of student teacher placement practices found differences based on a limited sample of partner schools. A map with information on this institution's placement practices is posted on the website for Ed School Essentials: A Report on Teacher Education in Illinois (www.nctq.org/edschoolreports/illinois/standards/11findings.jsp). The map allows easy comparison of Northeastern Illinois University's placement practices with those of education schools in its vicinity. 12. Early field work. The institution exposes teacher candidates to field work early on in their preparation. Early exposure to the classroom helps teacher candidates develop a realistic perspective on the profession and decide on their suitability for it when the stakes are low. The institution meets the standard because field work is required by the fall semester of the junior year. 13. Full-time student teaching. The institution designs a full-time student teaching experience. Student teaching should allow a full immersion absent the distraction of other coursework obligations. The institution only partly meets the standard because it only discourages but does not prohibit teacher candidates from taking additional courses during the student teaching experience, allowing teacher candidates to less than fully dedicate themselves to the important task and challenge of apprentice teaching. www.nctq.org/edschoolreports 3
2010 NCTQ Teacher Preparation Program Design Ratings 14. Aligned student teaching. The institution designs student teaching to have a local experience of sufficient length. Student teaching should be long enough to ensure that the teacher candidate can witness the different demands of teaching as the school year evolves. A local experience allows alignment with the design of the preparation program and the instructional expectations teacher candidates will experience as Illinois teachers. The institution meets the standard because its teacher candidates have student teaching experiences of sufficient length that have the potential to be well-aligned with both the design of their preparation program and with the instructional expectations they will experience as licensed Illinois teachers. 15. Student teaching placements. The institution carefully screens and qualifies expert cooperating teachers from its partner schools. The best cooperating teacher is both an exceptionally effective instructor and a strong mentor of adults. The institution fails to meet the standard because information provided by the institution or information provided by interviews of school principals indicate that it does not assert its critical role in the selection of a cooperating teacher who demonstrates the ability to increase student learning and to mentor an adult. 16. This standard pertains to degree requirements that afford those who are unsuccessful in student teaching a "second degree option." It is not evaluated because it is not relevant to special education teacher preparation. Professional Training 17. This standard pertains to instruction on assessments. It was not evaluated because we evaluated special education programs on instruction on the use of assessment in special education (see Standard 18). 18. Special education assessment. The institution provides a thorough overview of the use of assessment data to plan education programs for students with special needs. Assessment data is essential to writing educational goals for students with special needs and monitoring their progress. The institution meets this standard because teacher candidates receive adequate preparation in the use of assessment for students with special needs. 19. Cognitive psychology. The institution requires teacher candidates to understand key principles from cognitive psychology that address how children learn and develop, omitting those principles that do not have a scientific basis. Teachers need to learn about real and useful cognitive science, not bogus cognitive science such as learning styles. rated, nor does it factor into overall program or institutional ratings. We note that the highest proportion of course time the program devotes to the critical topics of how students gain and retain factual knowledge, skills and conceptual understanding is the equivalent of only about 50 percent of one course. 20. Classroom management. The institution imparts methods in classroom management targeted to the grade levels at which the candidate intends to teach. Teacher candidates will be better able to establish a productive classroom environment if they learn a coherent management approach that is targeted to the grade levels at which the candidate intends to teach, not a grab-bag of techniques. The institution meets the standard because it provides instruction on classroom management, targeting the special education grade levels at which the candidates intend to teach. 4 www.nctq.org/edschoolreports
21. This standard pertains to the preparation of general classroom teachers on the foundations of special education. It is not evaluated because it is not relevant to the preparation of special education teachers. 22. Preparation efficiency. The institution offers an efficient program of study, as indicated by the required credit hours needed for completion. With no evidence that an excess of professional coursework requirements produces better teachers, it is sensible to keep requirements within reasonable bounds that won t deter talented individuals contemplating a career in teaching. The institution meets the standard. The number of semester hours necessary to complete the professional sequence is within acceptable bounds. The program requires 48 hours of professional coursework (not including student teaching). 23. Course frequency. The institution offers all required courses at least once each year to make it possible to complete the program in a timely fashion. Programs that cannot be completed on time create a disincentive to pursue the teaching profession. The institution fully meets this standard because it offers all required courses each year. Program Evaluation 24. Graduate outcomes. The institution tracks graduate outcomes such as employment and retention. The institution fully meets this standard. Documents obtained from the institution indicate that the institution regularly collects data regarding its graduates retention rates and job performance. 25. Graduates' effectiveness. The institution fully utilizes any available data provided by the state or school districts to measure the effectiveness of its teacher graduates in order to make program improvements. Faculty Mirroring a similar commitment now found in K-12 education, higher education institutions must embrace data-driven decision making and accountability in preparing teachers. The institution fails to meet this standard. Documents obtained from the institution indicated that the institution does not regularly collect data regarding the academic performance of its graduates' students. 26. Faculty expertise. The institution mirrors the scholarship practiced in other fields by not expecting faculty members to teach multiple disparate disciplines. Only the most extreme examples of unsuitable assignments are noted here, such as one instructor teaching courses in the history of education, human learning and secondary biology methods. The institution meets the standard because it appears to respect the scholarship of its faculty, not assigning instructors to teach coursework in disparate fields of study, such as, foundations of education, methods and educational psychology. 27-34. These standards pertain to the preparation of elementary and secondary teachers. They were not evaluated because they are not relevant to special education teacher preparation. www.nctq.org/edschoolreports 5
2010 NCTQ Teacher Preparation Program Design Ratings Preparation Specific to Special Education Teachers 35. Broad subject preparation. The institution ensures that special education teacher candidates receive a broad liberal arts education. Because they cannot teach what they do not know, teacher candidates need to have a solid grasp of literature and composition, American and world history, geography, science, and art and music history. The institution does not meet this standard because neither the institution nor its teacher preparation program ensures sufficient coverage in the content special education teachers need (including world/american literature, children s literature, American history, world history, world cultures, art history, and music history). 36a. Reading instruction. The institution prepares special education teacher candidates in the essential components of effective reading instruction. All special education teachers, regardless of whether they are teaching toddlers or teenagers, need coursework in the researchbased strategies shown to dramatically reduce the number of children needing remediation in reading. Looking at a full range of course materials, there is little or no evidence of adequate instruction on the components of effective reading instruction. We identified two required textbooks that did not support effective reading instruction. 36b. Reading instruction. The institution ensures that all coursework adheres to the essential components of effective reading instruction.. All of an institution's required reading courses not just some courses should impart the research-based content that is necessary for teaching all children to read. Because we could not find adequate evidence of effective reading instruction being taught in either a single comprehensive course or in a combination of multiple courses (see standard #26a), any further rating on this standard is irrelevant. 37. Elementary math. The institution provides adequate preparation in the specific elementary mathematics content needed by special education teachers. Special education teachers, regardless of whether they are teaching toddlers or teenagers, generally need three semesters of coursework in order to progress from a procedural to a conceptual understanding of fundamental mathematics topics. The institution does not meet this standard because it does not require its teacher candidates to take any coursework that is designed to develop their conceptual understanding of elementary mathematics topics. 38. Special education pedagogy. The institution gears pedagogical training for special education teacher candidates to the specific knowledge and skills that they need for teaching. At least one course should be dedicated to instruction on special education as defined in federal law: "specially designed instruction." rated, nor does it factor into overall program or institutional ratings. Our analysis of instruction on special education was limited to three institutions offering a total of two undergraduate and two graduate special education programs. Preliminary evaluations on this standard for these four programs are provided on the website for Ed School Essentials: A Report on Teacher Education in Illinois (nctq/edschoolreports/illinois/standards/38findings.jsp). 6 www.nctq.org/edschoolreports
39. Teacher production. The institution is attentive to the numbers of special education and general education teachers it graduates, striving to achieve production in some proportional relationship to the state's demand for such teachers. Responsibility for chronic underproduction of some types of teachers and chronic overproduction of others can't be laid at the feet of education schools, but a school's production levels should show some cognizance of the larger picture. rated, nor does it factor into overall program or institutional ratings. Our analysis of the number of special education teachers produced at each institution 1) allows comparison with its production of other types of teachers and 2) places its production of both special education and other teachers in an overall state context. A table with information related to this standard for Northeastern Illinois University's is posted on the website for Ed School Essentials: A Report on Teacher Education in Illinois (www.nctq.org/edschoolreports/illinois/standards/39findings.jsp). www.nctq.org/edschoolreports 7