1 The Contactless- NFC Project of ATM Barcelona Carme Fabregas Head of IT Systems cfabregas@atm.cat Working Group on NFC ticketing Barcelona, 6-7 September 2012
2 PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS In 2001, a new integrated tariff system was introduced that has revealed itself to be an effective tool for improving public transport system services. Over the last 11 years, demand has increased by 187 million journeys (25%). The integrated system has been well received by users, reinforcing ATM s role as the transport authority and financial hub for the system. The tariff system currently in operation is supported by the magnetic band technology that leading transport operators have been using for more than 20 years. Magnetic band technology has now become clearly and manifestly obsolete. The time and the circumstances are now appropriate to change the tariff model, introducing the latest technologies and make it more attractive to users, with a view to increasing both use of the public transport system and our market share. The new system is fully consistent with the smart city strategy promoted by Barcelona City Council. t should be feasible to extend the proposed new system to the three other municipal transport authorities in Catalonia so that an integrated tariff system can be managed throughout Catalan territory It is therefore proposed that a NEW TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM, a NEW TARIFF SYSTEM and a new MANAGEMENT SYSTEM should be introduced..
3 NEW SYSTEM The proposal is based on transforming the present system in four regards: New technological system New tariff system New payment system New management system Contactless NFC technology: Transport App, security architecture Stimulating the use of public transport by establishing discounts based on use of a single ticket: the greater the use, the lower the cost per journey Users decide whether they prefer prepayment or postpayment, with transport costs billed directly Public-private partnership to share risks involved in changing technology, financing, management and user information...
TECHNICAL PROJECT 4
5 INTRODUCTION The drawing of specifications initially started in 2007 but has been seriously undertaken since 2010. A working group formed by principal TO: TMB (Main Barcelona metro and bus Op), FGC (Catalonia gov. railway), RENFE (central gov. railway op) and SERMETRA (association of private buses Op) was set up, in order to establish the scope, design, specifications and operational parameters of the future contactless system in public transport. More than 80 training workshops on radiofrequency technology have been organized. Besides, investment from ATM budgets has been made in recent years in consulting work and purchasing of specific equipment for the technological project deployment. A simulation environment and prototype have been produced for the most relevant operations: sale/recharge, validation, amongst others. The technical specifications have been drawn up for the contactless system (new technology/equipment and adaptation of pre-existing transport operators infrstructure) in order to proceed to deployment phases (call for tenders)
6 SCOPE At present, the technological scope of the project with regard to vending and validation equipment for the entire ATM system in Barcelona encompasses: 7,846 validation points 326 railway stations 1,338 vending machines 2,573 buses distributed amongst 74 transport operators. In 2011, 935.5 M journeys were made on the ATM public transport system in the Barcelona area: 655.5 million using ATM tickets 153.7 million using non-integrated tickets issued by the different operators (including single tickets) 126.3 using social tickets Revenue from the sale of the integrated tickets was 423.4 M
CONCEPTUAL APPROACH 7
8 TECHNOLOGY INDEPENDENCE After more than 20 years of being dependent of magnetic technology (so called black boxes ), there is a priority for the new e-ticketing to have no dependence on the device, item or actor (vendor neutrality) In order to guarantee cost efficient and future proof solutions of INTEROPERABILITY (EU Directive 7-2010) Secure Element Contactless Cards NFC Devices Future?
9 INTEROPERABILITY With regard to technology maturity: Using existing reference standards, such as ISO / IEC 24014, EN 15320, ISO / IEC 7816, etc., and applying them from three perspectives Vertical Mobility New technologies Horizontal Transport operators
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 10
11 WORKING PROCESS Managing the impact of new technology: CHALLENGES and OPORTUNITIES Acquisition/Disemination of skills and knowlegde Training workshops with the main Transport Operators technical staff, which will be the locomotive of the future launching process Active and collaborative development: From Public Transport to fill Public Transport needs Use of a tool. A R+D+I simulator environment has been implemented (suitable also for the launching and follow-up, maintenance phases)
12 R+D SIMULATOR WORKING GROUP MAIN FACILITY: MULTIUSER, MULTITASKING SIMULATOR OF THE TECHNOLOGY CARD,NFC,SAM, etc-.
13 KEY CONCEPTS 1. TRANSPORT APPLICATION 2. SECURITY SYSTEM 3. FUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT (IFM) 4. NFC
14 KEY CONCEPTS 1. TRANSPORT APPLICATION 2. SECURITY SYSTEM 3. FUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT (IFM) 4. NFC
15 INTEROPERABLE TRANSPORT APPLICATION Started from the basis of the proceedings of European IFM-Project, it is ISO and European EN compliant, in order to follow the European ITS directive of June 2010. Open specifications to guarantee efficiency in future launching of the project, and follow-up (maintenance) Transport Application data structure dynamics with capacity of adaption to different ticketing schemes (one ticket or a wallet). Transport Application Portability assured (DESFire NXP, CIPURSE OSPT, NFC)
16 INTEROPERABLE TRANSPORT APPLICATION DESFire Cipurse ISO 14443 ISO 18092? Future Cards Transport Application ISO 7816 Other Devices
17 KEY CONCEPTS 1. TRANSPORT APPLICATION 2. SECURITY SYSTEM 3. FUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT (IFM) 4. NFC
18 SECURITY AS A CONCEPT (multi) TRANSPORT OPERATOR TRAVELER/CUSTOMER Acceptance Product ATiu TRANSPORT AUTHORITY S ATiu AS DATA FLOWS ARE EQUIVALENT TO MONEY FLOWS, (validations and recharges participate of the Central Clearing done monthly by the Transport Authority, the SECURITY SYSTEM has the role of facilitating the whole point to point trusted Integrated Fare System.
Independent Security System SECURITY SYSTEM 19 THE AUTHENTIC CORE SYSTEM ATM has developed a dynamic Security System (Common Criteria services ) that guarantees: The continuity and autonomy of the system before new contingencies of present and future scenarios (new TO, new technologies, contingences, etc ). The reliability and transparency before the Transport Operators, or before the user of Public Transport, who will become a customer. The integrity of such information from end to end (bearing in mind that transactions in the multimodal system is money of all. The authenticity of the information, no repudiation. With mechanisms to assure the availability of these services. The independence of Transport before future new shared environments (e.g. Multi services, Multiapplication). THE AUTHENTIC LAUNCH TOWARDS MASSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE SPREADING (avoiding fragmentation)
20 SECURITY SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY Confidentiality Integrity Authenticity Availability... Using contrasted criptography: DES, 3DES, AES, etc. Used independently for the fare system where needed and based on ISO 24.014 and EN 15.320 Services are implemented in: HSM security Centers SAMs, local security
21 KEY CONCEPTS 1. TRANSPORT APPLICATION 2. SECURITY SYSTEM 3. FUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT (IFM) 4. NFC
22 INTEROPERABLE FARE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EU-IFM) ISO/IEC 24014 for an Trusted Authority ISO/IEC 24014 Role Model Operational Entities Management Contactless Device Owner Application Retailer Title Retailer Entities Application Security Manager Title Collection and Forwarding Registrar Customer Service Sale Service Transport Service Customer/User Inspection Service Conformer
23 KEY CONCEPTS 1. TRANSPORT APPLICATION 2. SECURITY SYSTEM 3. FUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT (IFM) 4. NFC
24 NFC, MAIN ADDRESSES NFC has to be seen as an OPORTUNITY for the Public Transport. NFC will coexist with and be complement of the existing contactless infrastructure and of user devices (cards). NFC has to reach technology and ecosystem maturity (not yet available). Public Transport has the concern and responsibility of pushing towards open, interoperable and sustainable (cost-efficient) solutions of: Secure Storage of sensible Applications: SIM, embedded or SD. Communication interfaces/procedures Transport application management (involving all the life cycle: MNO, TSM, etc) Other new actors (e.g. customer attention/inquiry management) New Services To sum up: To push towards a to be born Business Model, reliable and convenient for all participants
25 NFC, ATM working lines ATM is exploring the 3 NFC Global Platform Secure Element models (embedded, SD, or SIM based), to be aligned with the emerging market. ATM is working with the major Operating Systems (Android, ios, BlackBerry, Symbian). ATM is working in some NFC applications, such as: NFC Device acting as a Transport Card (Card Emulation) Mobile application to read Transport Cards and retrieve information to the user, such as the remaining trips. Mobile application to recharge Transport Cards through the internet. The communication with the card is secured by an HSM. Mobile application to facilitate the user the use of the Public Transport: nearest stations or bus stops, next train/bus times, etc. This application uses some Smartphones functionalities such as GPS for positioning or NFC to read tags in posters.
CONCLUSIONS 26
27 CONCLUSIONS Plans call for migrating to contactless media will allow us to keep pace with technology advances and the sustainability and efficiency of the transport ticketing system while fitting passenger preferences. We are taking the lead in adopting an open-standard approach to planning for the future of the Integrated Fare System Our project clearly promotes vendor neutrality and cross-vendor system interoperability, giving much more flexibility in sourcing products and services to meet specific project requirements without compromising functionality The methodology adopted is in order to reduce risk associated with technology adoption and the need of agility to bring new possibilities and services to market quickly. We are interested for rapidly migrating the transport fare system to NFC-enabled mobile phones and other devices, BUT provided a maturity level of the emerging technology/ecosystem is reached and is COST-EFFICIENT for Transport For implementing a seamless fare collection system across transport operators, and potentially across regions
28 The Contactless- NFC Project of ATM Barcelona Working Group on NFC ticketing Barcelona, 6-7 September 2012