IMPACT OF MOBILE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY ON HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SERVICES

Z.O. Omogbdgun nd C.K. Ayo / Imp Of Mob And W Thnoogy On Hh Dvy Sv IMPACT OF MOBILE AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY ON HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SERVICES Z.O. OMOGBADEGUN AND C.K. AYO Dpmn of Compu & Infomon Sn Cog of Sn & Thnoogy, Covnn Unv, O, Ng m: onomogbdgun@yhoo.om1, kyom@yhoo.om2 Ab Modn hh dvy v mb h u of dng dg hnoog nd nw nf dov o nb b u fo d nd b mn o nb y don of mo f-hnng d. Th hh nduy fndng f n of ubun nd fux. Th mjo nnovon wh h u of nfomon hnoog nd puy, h dopon of mob nd w ppon n hh dvy [1]. W dv bomng nngy popu o h hh fd, nbng gv o vw pn od nd u, n dgno nfomon dung pn v nd onu dug fomu, whou h nd fo wd nwok onnon [2]. A ponng md-gd, w nfuu uppo omp moby houghou h fu onnuum of hh dvy. I f h u oon nd h mmd dmnon of pn nfomon o phyn nd oh hh pofon h m of n don-mkng, hby nung my, f, nd ffv pn. Th pp nvg h w hnoog h n b ud fo md ppon, nd h ffvn of uh w ouon n hh nvonmn. I du hng nound; nd onud by povdng ommndon on po nd ndd fo h u of uh hnoog whn hop. Kywod: hh, mob/w ouon, mob hu, hh po, 3G Mdn 1. INTRODUCTION Hh pomnn houghou h wod. I pn gnfn png ofm ny oun GDP nd g ow ng d y.bu h n ngd m ndonh h ym oo ofn ompnd by hog n n ff. Mob hnoogy nd WLAN ouon pom o nfom h hh nduy. Pn-nd, phmy, kng, mob vo nd h md ym ju fw of h ouon h nbd by WLAN hnoogy. Hh on of h fw v ggvy dvopng nd xndng ppon nd bun po o h WLAN, mkng h nduy hobd of WLAN nnovon [3]. In on ppv, h gnfn dvnmn nd pofon of w d hnoog ny nw of ppon. Of pu mpon h pon mp of nx gnon w hnoog on hh dvy. Th mjo hng of hh mngmn n h 21 nuy nud h ommon of gob nd ppn mn mdy of xponny nng o, n nfomd nd mpowd onum, h nd fo hh dpby, nd hf fom foung on pmy ung o h pvnon of 3GSM & Mob Compung: An Emgng Gowh Engn fo Non Dvopmn 164

Z.O. Omogbdgun nd C.K. Ayo / Imp Of Mob And W Thnoogy On Hh Dvy Sv d [1]. Th hnoog povd vy of oppoun o dd pub hh hng uh unv fo h undud, oun-boom, mdn, dn duon, nd hom. Th oppoun pn nw hng uh : uvn, pvy/onfdny/uy of pon nfomon whh w ff of ou v [4].On of h dvnd nfomon hnoogy ouon gnng popuy h w o pn od nd oh hh v. Th y h hd gnon of w n hh. Doo nd oh hh pofon hv pogd fom pg o b phon nd now o d-nbd "mphon". Phyn hv bn dng n h od, donnd PDA fo modn PDA mphon wh u ngon nd bu-n W-F nd Buooh w funony fo u whn h n nvonmn [5]. I h bom ny o vu pfomn of pooo fo w md dv n n nvonmn o hv mpovmn n h fy nd ffny of md dv w ommunon nd opon. Nowdy hh povd uh doo nd nu n dy ommun wh on noh v w nfd bmng n h PDA. In pu, modn hh nuon n bnf fom mo xnv u of mob dv fo pvv nd ubquou o hh nfomon ym o dv hh v, uh gn ugy nd mgny v [6]. W h gmob popu onofdo o,nu,phy n n nd oh gv, w LAN bng h by o h pn h, md od nd n don-uppo d m, nywh n h hh ognzon. And gv v mong dffn f, w nwok ow fo y onnvy h [7]. 2.0 TECHNOLOGY AND HEALTHCARE SERVICES 2.1 Hndhd Dv, W Communon, nd R-Tm Cn Infomon Sym Hndhd pob ompung dv pom o b ong y n bngng h fu pow of nfomon hnoogy o h pon-of-. Pon dg n-yp dv n gnfny n gv poduvy nd ffny wh pvnng o. Th dv n b uppod by w nwok nd/o ph ognon Wb-bd nd/o on d nhng (EDI) onnvy wh mjo upp o povd mo nu, y-o-u nf fo h nn. In ddon, hy ombn mup funon (dd book, hdu, no pd, m, uo, nn,.) hu mnng h nd fo mup dv. A phyn oud h o h pn hdu; doumn h n v; od booy, mgng, nd mdon; nd gn d fo bng pupo fom ng hndhd w nf dv. In h n fuu, h vby of ubquou, b w onnvy w povd nym, nywh o nfomon nd mgng hough hghy pob o vn wb ym wh ph nf nd nu ngug ommnd nd ono. In ddon, phon-k dv fo ng h Wb pod o vouonz Inn u. Th u of pon-of- d on uppo w pf ogphy n ndho p ffo o mpovp n f y nd du ho u n ofm d o [ 8].Mob dv bomng nngy popu o h hh fd, nbng gv o vw pn od nd u, hg pu, n dgno nfomon dung pn v nd onu dug fomu. Rdud md o, mnon of dup n, nd uy of d, mpovd pn, povon of h mo up-o-d pn nfomon vb nd h by o upd h nfomon, nd dd opng o om of h bnf [2]. 3GSM & Mob Compung: An Emgng Gowh Engn fo Non Dvopmn 165

Z.O. Omogbdgun nd C.K. Ayo / Imp Of Mob And W Thnoogy On Hh Dvy Sv 2.2. Mob mdn Pvv hh h h pon o du ong-m o nd mpov quy of v, bu o f mny hn nd dmnv ob. Unqu pb of mgng mob dv, w nwok nd mddw hnoog n uppo wd ng of ppon nd v nudng mob mdn, pn monong, oon-bd md v, mgny pon nd mngmn, pvv o md d, ponzd monong, nd fy nnv mngmn. 2.3. Pn monong W LAN nd pon nwok mk pob o onnuy mono pn mo nywh nd mmdy nofy hh wok, h n hop, o n mgny v of ny hng n u. Suh nwok n quky ou bomd nd nvonmn d fom no dpoyd on h body, n oom, o houghou budng o n ompu ym fo pong [9]. W hnoogy nb mbun ponn o nd - md boup n ond on oho p wh n ou. 2.4. Mung Tmdn Thnoog Mung mdn hnoog, uggng mob nwokng vnu nd nd pon hh wn hv povdd h foundon fo nw mk nh fo '3G Mdn'. Dung h 5 y, mdn (bd on nn nd wb hnoog) bomng y boh n m of dvopng hnoog nd uppov gon. Whn Euop, w nfuu (3G Nwokng) h vd hug nvmn nd hough no w dfnd on how woud b hvd, hh h bn dnfd mjo m of vnu wh pon hh bng ky u py fo h hnd mnufu. Combnd wh n nd wn, no ony fo oupn bu o fo h "w-wod" (hhy nd hh onou), 3G Mdn Sv w py n mpon o n pon hh mngmn [10]. W mdn nw nd vovng n md nd ym. Hh ponn qu m o u pn d, nudng n ho, mn, mdon,, booy u nd nun nfomon. Wh g- w nwok nd mob ompung ouon, uh u 3G, W-F mh nd WMAX, hh ponn n p no v nfomon nywh nd ny m whn h hh nwok. Th n noduon of pvv ompung, onng of do fquny dnfon (RFID), Buooh, ZgB, nd w no nwok, fuh xnd h pon fo xpoon of w ommunon nd ngon no nw mob hh dvy ym [11]. 3. ADOPTING WIRELESS SOLUTIONS IN HOSPITALS 3.1 W Thnoogy nd Md Appon Hh povd ook up o w ouon fo vy of on. Among h dd go dud k whn monong pn, b pn ouom, nd ff ffny nd onnuy of, mpovd pon m, dd o od wh h po, nd ompn wh govnmn guon nd ndd. Anoh go o du h o nd ompxy of nwok mngmn by vgng xng w nfuu nd by dpoyng n nd oh vu-ddd ppon [12]. Pon-of- ppon off mndou pon fo ody' hh nduy hy nb hh povd o dv v whn nd wh ndd, wh povdng my nd u o h nfomon 3GSM & Mob Compung: An Emgng Gowh Engn fo Non Dvopmn 166

Z.O. Omogbdgun nd C.K. Ayo / Imp Of Mob And W Thnoogy On Hh Dvy Sv qud. A wd vy of hh ppon wh nduy-dng mob nd w hnoog povd ouon uh : Mob C Dvy: Rod pn nfomon h pon-of-; Gh pn hoy; Mono v gn; nd Ambuoy. Phyn' Od nd Ru: Ppon wng; Dug dmnon monong; Dug non monong; Lbooy pmn oon; Tk mp fom bdd o b; Rvw u; nd Chg pu. Ingn Dv: Dgno Dv; Kdny dy, nh dvy; Pn monong; Bood guo monong; Mdon dpnng dv; nd Hom d mngmn. S Fo Auomon: Phmu ; nd Md qupmn. Buooh hnoogy h bom w hnoogy w ud o u n by-powd omm on dv, uh PDA, phon, nd vy of oh m-podud on [9]. 3.2. W Pn Monong A hop dpoy mob ppon o mpov opon ffny, w nwok w b nd ny fo hgh pn houghpu, nudng mgny oom, wd nd nung foo. Tody, h dopon of w nd d u h I EEE802. 11b/ g( oknown W F d yo W -F ), nd h u of mob ompung pfom fom h b of h w vouon. A h m m, n gv wn o do mo on mob b nd hv gown uomd o vng nfomon n m v phon, pg nd PDA. Th fo hv onvgd nd povdng h mpu fo wd pn of w hnoog whn h hh nduy [13]. 4. 0.CRI TI CALWI RELESSI NFRASTRUCTURE SVULNERABI LI TI ES 4.1. A Pon (AP) Vunb nd Mob Tu Mod Sofw h un w nfuu n uff fom vunb ju k ny ompx ym - ofn wh dvng ff. A ng vunby my ompom ho o goup of ho, bu vunby n n nfuu dv n d o muh mo dmgng ff. Mny pon (AP) vunb ud by pobm wh h pon' dmnv nf. A g wy o po youf fom vunb h mgh op up o db o AP on h w d nd mpoy pk fng on h wd d o m o fw mngmn wokon[14]. Th movmn owd Wb-bd v, nd h nng dpndny on h Wb hv o md by f- uy onn. Fom mw nd pyw, dv-by downod, ypo qung, dn-of-v k, o phhng nd dny hf, vy of h mk h Wb n nngy ho nd dngou nvonmn. By undmnng u u, h pobm hmpng omm nd h gowh of onn ommun [15]. Gvn h ym w b nmng hghy nv nfomon nmy pn d, mp n h u nd fo hgh v of nd-o-nd uy, onfdny nd pvy. Mob u mod n b nopod no ny w hh nv h w nb hh ognzon o m h ny uy ndd. By uzng w dgnd u mod n h uung of mob o w nv, w ony hn b pob fo h ognzon o mxmz h bnf fom w hnoog w mnmzng h k; hby, nbng h bnf of o- ffv, quy-hh o ho who mo ; nmy h pn [16]. 3GSM & Mob Compung: An Emgng Gowh Engn fo Non Dvopmn 167

Z.O. Omogbdgun nd C.K. Ayo / Imp Of Mob And W Thnoogy On Hh Dvy Sv 4.2. W no nwok n hh ppon Wh h pofon of hndhd nd mob ompung dv, mpon fo mngmn nd nfomon uy d o b w of h ovdng uy u h ompny h u of h dv, nd o nu h u of h dv u hm n u, nd ppovd, mnn [17]. Movng o fuy pvv ym woud b ompx non qung v p nd nmn budgy n o h ny nfuu [9]. Th fxby nd hn of h Wb hu hv om h p of nng ompxy nd k of ound ov uy hu. Th mgn of w no nwok (WSN) n hh ppon gnng momnum hough h nng y of wb v gn no nd oon g whh n k boh hh ponn nd pn u/ oon onnuouy n m mod. Gny, WSN dv xmy md n m of pow, ompuon, nd ommunon. Thy ofn dpoyd n b, hu nng uy vunb. Th dynm d ho opoogy, mu nmon, oon wn, d poon, nd o-odnon of dv no of hh ppon fuh xb h uy hng [18]. 5.0. EFFECTIVENESS OF WIRELESS HEALTHCARE SOLUTIONS 5.1. Suy wh Tu Th ffvn of w hh ouon w b funon of uy wh u nd h ppopn of h w u mod o pu hh nvonmn. Mob hh nd uy. In oh wod, w u nvonmn oy o ndvdu nnon o dop w hnoogy. Mob hh uy mb onfdny, uhnon, nd mg ngy, nd mu o b n n h bod onx of -hh ym. Sn mob dv n b o o on mo y hn h fxd ounp nd gund phy poon of mob dv uh PDA no vy p, ym ouon ndd o bh dny of h povd vn f h povd ung puhozd dv. A povd who nd n nggng n ud non nd o m wo pv of oon: (1) Th povd mu b b o dnfy h o h dny; nd (2) Th povd mu b b o dmon h ownhp of h mob dv bng ud fo h non. Mob dv y hdw-bd Subb Idnfon Modu (SIM) h n b ud o uhn h dv [16]. End-o-nd uy of mob non qu nvnon mup pon n non of h ndvdu hnoog nd dv off omp uy ouon. 5.2. Pong pn onfdny Wh h pom of b hh hough b o md od bgung, o nw y of ponby fo phyn. Whn om o hnoogy, mpv h phyn u ony ho dv h mpoy h vy hgh ndd of uy vb. Pvy nd uy o pon pobm. Hh d houd b vb nym nywh, bu ony o uhozd pon. Confdny n mob non pob f h onn of h non n b pod hough nd-o-nd nypon. No ony h onn mu b nypd n h mob dv f, mu b nmd n n nypd fom o h hop' ppon gwy nd v v. Th qumn houd no b onfud wh h do ph nypon n h onn of non u md byond h do ph [19]. Pvv hh nfomon oud b bud by opoon n ddng who houd 3GSM & Mob Compung: An Emgng Gowh Engn fo Non Dvopmn 168

Z.O. Omogbdgun nd C.K. Ayo / Imp Of Mob And W Thnoogy On Hh Dvy Sv b pomod, by nun ompn n fung ovg fo pop wh poo hh, nd by pou nd h ony n dvo. Th g- noduon of w hnoogy n hh h g nd guoy mpon [9]. 5.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES Fgu 1Wd/W Sym fo Hh Dvy Sv Th IEEE ndd 802.16, o known Wodwd Inopby fo Mowv A (WMAX), vwd powfu nb fo h mv dpoymn of hgh pfomn mopon nwok. Mdon o h mo gnfn nd pvv u of pn m-dnfon. Poo pn dnfon n ouy ff h hh of pn, w hop boom n. Pn dnfon pobm n hop puy dng bu mo of hm do no hv o hppn. Ung b od o RFID hnoogy fo pov pn dnfon h f, wy o nu uy n bng dug nd pn mp, ppon nd dbuon of ppon, nd dmnng o mdon dog. Th 802.11b ndd h f ndd o mk WLAN ub n h gn wokp by povdng obu nd b 11 Mbp pfomn, fv m f hn h ogn ndd. Phm n nd ppon qu whou h nd o un o h dpnng dpmn nd doo n gn pn ppon moy. Sugon n pn opon hdu nd ou dy u of onuon, owng hm o pnd mo m on opon, h hn dmnon. Fom h h f, mb n b gnd, nd h qud nu, nh, nd qupmn oud nny, omhng h dony qu o of phon nd mng o o-odn [20]. 6.0 CONCLUSION Hh qu nw wy o mng un hng nd o povd offv quy o. W hnoog n du md o nd mpov quy of v. Povon of m moby nd onnvy o pn nd fonn gv o h onnuum of hough w pn wb v gn mono, poduvy oo, IP phon, PDA, m np ovg, obu fu on WLAN, nd ngon of bomd nd IT ym on ng nwok nfuu, onvnon Tmy nd Nw Tmy Offng, Communon 3GSM & Mob Compung: An Emgng Gowh Engn fo Non Dvopmn 169

Z.O. Omogbdgun nd C.K. Ayo / Imp Of Mob And W Thnoogy On Hh Dvy Sv ym (Pgng, In-budng phon, A kng), nd Sndd: 802.11 onu h W Nwok Souon offng h qud omfo on h mp of mob nd w hnoog on hh v dvy. In h pp, numou bnf hv bn hghghd wh h dopon of w hnoog n hh dvy. Th dopon of w ndd (.g. IEEE 802.11b/g); u of mob ompung pfom; o nfomon n m v phon, pg, nd PDA hough vby of ubquou, b w onnvy; hv dmond h uby nd wd pn of w hnoog n hh. On mjo ob n mob dopon of nd dvopmn n hh u h nd fo hgh v of nd-o-nd uy, onfdny, nd pvy. Th uy gp xng bwn w no nwok (WSN) nd h qumn of md ppon nd o b ovd. On-dmnd nypon of w nd ommunon pooo ud o onn mob dv o b on off p ouon. A omphnv uy gy h gun onfdny, uhny, onn ngy, nd nonpudby mu b pu n p o omb h vunb of w hnoog n hh. Rfn [1] Sv Godbg nd Nmn Wkmngh (2006): (hp://d2.ompu.og/omp/podng/h/2003/1874/06/187460163b.pdf [2] Souon fo Hh(2006): hp://www.nywh.om/ndu/hh_bohu.hm. [3] Smn (2005): W LAN n Hh, hp://www.vo.om/downod/smn_hh_f_2006v6_3.pdf: [4] Lu G. Kun (2001): Thh nd h gob hh nwok n h 21 nuy, Fom hom o pub hh nfom, Compu Mhod nd Pogm n Bomdn, Voum 64, Iu 3, Pg 155-167 (01 Mh 2001) [5] N V (2003) U of Mob nd W Thnoogy Jump n Hop hp://m.n/jump/?=23738&=296&m=4292&p=1136891&=164 [6] Pk C. K. Hung (2006): Rh Iu of Hh Pvy Fmwok n Mob Ad Ho Nwok (MANET), Fuy of Bun nd Infomon Thnoogy Unvy of Ono Inu of Thnoogy (UOIT), Cnd hp://www3.unnub./unnub/g/pgn/2271/manet-pkhungab12.pdf [7] Mu (2005) Appon No: W LAN nd Hh: Undndng Suy o Enu Compn wh HIPAA, hp://www.munwok.om/pdf/ap4-0805_w_lan&hh.pdf [8] Gombky, Hny E (2001): Thnoogy Appoh Th A Chngng h Povd Hh C Wod nd Tnfomng Pfomn, Goup P Joun, 50(3), pp11-20, Mh 2001, Th Amn Md Goup Aoon [9] Upk Vhny [2006], Pvv Hh C O M M U N I C A T I O N S, Dpmn of Compu Infomon Sym Gog S Unvy. [10] A. Mh (2002). 3G Mdn - Th Ingon of Thnoog, Compuon Sn - ICCS 2002: Innon Confn, Amdm, Th Nhnd, Ap 21-24, 2002. Podng, P II, Lu No n Compu Sn, Spng Bn / Hdbg, Voum 2330/2002, p. 972 3GSM & Mob Compung: An Emgng Gowh Engn fo Non Dvopmn 170

Z.O. Omogbdgun nd C.K. Ayo / Imp Of Mob And W Thnoogy On Hh Dvy Sv [11] H. S. Ng, M. L. Sm, C. M. Tn nd C. C. Wong (2006) W hnoog fo mdn, BT Thnoogy Joun, Spng Nhnd, Voum 24, Numb 2 / Ap, 2006, pp. 130-137 [12] Knndy, S (2006): Chng o Impmnng W LANS n Hh, hp://www.md.og/nw/2002_pnon/knndy.hng.pp [13] Däg Md AG & Co. KgA (2005): Sp Poj of Non Sgnfn 2005 Rpo o CARE A Gn: W Pn Monong: P II: Thn Ppv, PDF1112 / 06.05-2 / dp / Subj o modfon /, Pubhd by Däg Md, Spmb 2005. [14] Ch W (2006): Kpng A W Nwok Sf Fom Podu Vunb: W Suy,Nwokwod.Com, 04/10/06, Hp://www.nwokwod.om/oumn/2006/041006-w-uy.hm [15] www2007.cfp (2007): 16h Innon Wod Wd Wb Confn, C fo Pp Bohu, Bnff, Ab, Cnd, My 8-12, 2007. Ad Nov 24, 2006 [16] Bnhn Ln (2006): Tu n Mob Hh: Rh Rvw nd Impon, Loun S Unvy n Shvpo,hp://www..og//2003_/PDFf/Ln.pdf [17] CSI (2002): 12h Annu NS2002 Thn Dmnon of Nwok Suy Confn Bohu, Sn Fno, USA, Jun 17-19, 2002, p. 14 [18] H. S. Ng, M. L. Sm nd C. M. Tn (2006): Suy u of w no nwok n hh ppon, BT Thnoogy Joun, Spng Nhnd, Voum 24, Numb 2 / Ap, 2006, pp 138-144 [19] Smn (2006): W Suy nd Hh Gong Byond IEEE 802.11 o Tuy Enu HIPAA Compn hp://wp.bpp.om/ou/og_959010341_819/11693_35664_dp.pdf?_d=bp [20] Sh Pyn (2003): Fh, hop nd hy, hp://www.buok.om/pdf/hh/goodhophop-wcsudy.pdf 3GSM & Mob Compung: An Emgng Gowh Engn fo Non Dvopmn 171