PRIVATE CLOUD: A PARADIGM OF CLOUD COMPUTING WITH UNIVERSITY SHARED DATA CENTER (USDC) SARVESH KUMAR 1, SAURABH SRIVASTAVA 2, VIJAY KUMAR 3, OPINDER KUMAR, 4 ASHWANEE KUMAR SINGH 5 & 1,4 Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab 5 Electronics and Communication Engineering, bhagwant University, Ajmer, India Email:sarvi899@gmail.com, iam100rabh@gmail.com, vijay.ame02@gmail.com, opinderkumar1@gmail.com, conquer3927@gmail.com Abstract Cloud computing in academic environment will be benefitted by every student and staff where lots of collaboration and safety of data is needed in academia. Academic has various departments and many semesters where lots of students need to access the computing a need for highly available up-to-date software and hardware is must. Cloud computing has the capacity of scaling and elasticity which is perfect for such an environment. Use of Cloud computing on universities has many benefits such as accessing the file storages, e-mails, databases, educational resources, research applications and tools anywhere for faculty, administrators, staff, students and other users in university, on demand. Furthermore, cloud computing reduces universities IT complexity and cost. In this paper we focuses on the future scope of private cloud computing for universities and security issues between them. The implementation part will show that the universities expenditure will be reduced by decreasing their demand for software licensing. Keywords cloud computing; private cloud; USDC I. INTRODUCTION Many managers in small business and academicians in universities are not aware of benefits and characteristic of minimizing the cost of cloud computing. IT companies are eager to encourage educational adoption of cloud computing; for example, Google has designed cloud based Google- Apps for educational usage, and another example, IBM launched IBM Cloud Academy that is provide a global forum for educators, researchers and IT professionals from education industry to pursue cloud computing initiatives, develop skills and share best practices for reducing operating costs while improving quality and access to education. Some benefits of Cloud Computing can be listed: 1. Reduced implementation and maintenance costs 2. Increased mobility for a global workforce 3. Flexible and scalable infrastructures 4. Quick time to market 5. IT department transformation (focus on innovation vs. Maintenance and implementation) 6. Greening of the data center. With the increasing number in receiving education, a series of new problems have emerged. For example: As teaching methods change, the existing teachinglearning methods cannot meet demand; and with the constant expansion of education, the existing teaching facilities also need to constantly update. When Cloud Computing appears, it provides a new solution to establish a unified, open and flexible network teaching platform and reduce the hardware input. Taking into account the last two examples, we can see that both approaches, industrial (or commercial) and non-commercial cloud computing solutions can be successfully employed within educational institutions and another example, IBM launched IBM Cloud Academy that is provide a global forum for educators, researchers and IT professionals from education industry to pursue cloud computing initiatives, develop skill and share best practices for reducing operating costs while improving quality and access to education. In this way users do not need to buy a server, only need to purchase related "services" can create an efficient network teaching platform [10]. Using of cloud computing in academicians in universities are not aware of benefits and characteristic of minimizing the cost of cloud computing. From an IT-management view, it radically reduces resource management costs including electric power, cooling and system management personnel, while driving up the utilization of servers and software licenses, which in turn reduces purchasing requirements II. CONCEPT OF CLOUD COMPUTING: Cloud Computing provides resources and capabilities of Information Technology (e.g., applications, storages, communication, collaboration, infrastructure) via services offered by CSP (cloud service provider). Cloud Computing has various characteristics as shared infrastructure, self-service, pay-per use model, dynamic and virtualized, elastic and scalable. That s the big question! The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines it as: a model for enabling convenient, on-demand 117
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. III. CASE STUDIES: FISCAL ADVANTAGES U.S.-based institutions of higher education, the average savings from migrating applications to the cloud is 21 percent. This makes perfect sense when you consider that underutilized infrastructure especially during off-peak times of the school year represents a considerable waste of hardware, power, management, and cooling resources. By using a virtualization model and shared infrastructure, cloud implementations promise greatly reduced expenses in these areas. This increases long-run capital efficiency, while allowing university IT departments to bypass complex provisioning processes, minimize shelf ware, avoid equipment-obsolescence traps, and comply with green computing expectations and initiatives. A. Problems and challenges with cloud computing: 1) Universities in India are facing a lot of challenges related to their management due to increased number of students. Increasing no. of students is a factor of increased large volume of data. The different stakeholders of a university like students, parents, employees, management, and administrators are continuously engaged in the process of educational planning, growth and other activities. Educational scenario has lead to the growth in data as the quantity of information and data collected and processed for the planning and management of educational activities has been constantly increasing. In order to provide various facilities to the students, faculty, and management and for the operation, the university needs storage and computing system that would integrate multiple services and concerned request. 2) Problem of power consumption, the airconditioning and electronic waste that can be caused by number of data centers. 3) Facing the problem of pay for infrastructure, and cost for taking licensed software. 4) Security and privacy in data using some encryption techniques, authentication and authorization. B. Challenges: Many challenges of cloud computing for higher education relate to its relative newness and the underdevelopment of the marketplace for cloud services. For higher education, decisions to adopt cloud computing will be influenced by more than technical and cost considerations. Information is the lifeblood of higher education, and decisions on how to manage that information can have far-reaching political, social, and economic considerations. Adoption of cloud computing presents many of the same risks and challenges as deciding to use a more traditional outsourcing arrangement. The increased possibility that the service provider or its resources may reside outside of a government s legal or territorial jurisdiction, however, can make some of these concerns more acute. Carnegie Mellon University has developed a useful overview of some of the challenges higher education will face in adopting cloud computing C. Cloud computing for small colleges and universities: A Cloud-computing service that will let universities and colleges build custom private clouds that can be integrated into public cloud services. Three main factors interests in Cloud Computing: 1) Rapid decrease in hardware cost and increase in computing power and storage capacity, and the advent of multi-core architecture and modern supercomputers consisting of hundreds of thousands of cores 2) The exponentially growing data size in scientific instrumentation/simulation and Internet publishing and archiving 3) The wide-spread adoption of Services Computing and Web 2.0 applications. The universities need not to maintain the storage servers for its data generated at various sections, including laboratories. Here, the storage is rented from the provider using cost-per-gigabyte stored or cost per-data-transferred model. The university administration needs not to pay for infrastructure; they simply pay for how much they transfer and save on the provider s servers. The storage service provider manages the complexities of backup, replication, and disaster recovery needs, hence the stakeholders need not to worry even if some file is deleted accidentally. The university data stored with service provider becomes a windfall when the universities are effected due to natural calamities like flood, earthquakes etc. Backups stored locally doesn t help if there is fire or hurricane to clean the university, hence cloud storage allow university to protect their data. IV. PRIVATE CLOUD FOR UNIVERSITIES: Private cloud (also called internal cloud or corporate cloud) is a marketing term for a proprietary computing architecture that provides hosted services to a limited number of people behind a firewall. Advances in virtualization and distributed computing have allowed corporate network and datacenter administrators to effectively become service providers that meet the needs of their "customers" within the corporation. Marketing media that uses the words "private cloud" is designed to appeal to an organization that needs or wants more control over their data than they can get by using a third-party hosted service such as Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) or Simple Storage Service. 118
A. Cloud computing with university shared data center (USDC): Building on the foundation provided by the USDC, the Shared Infrastructure Services (SIS) team at OUCS is able to offer a private Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud. The University now has access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. Specifically, we are providing an automated selfservice virtual infrastructure for shared use across the University. B. Our private cloud at USDC: The private cloud gives : Elasticity: on-demand access to compute and storage resources. High speed networking: systems on the oxford private cloud located on your college or department VLAN or on the highly available USDC data centre network. Rapid deployment: purchase and provision resources in minutes not weeks. Transparent costing: see the true costs of IT without power and facilities costs hidden. C. Why use private cloud: The benefits of cloud computing are widely discussed and include such things as agility (the ability to quickly configure new resources via self-service portals), elasticity (the ability to scale up and down resource usage) and a utility charging model (minimizing capital investment requirements). Given these benefits, why aren t all IT providers migrating to the public cloud? The answer lies in the number of barriers to adopting public cloud technologies. Fortunately, many of these barriers do not apply to the more localized private cloud services, such as the USDC private cloud. One of the primary barriers to the public cloud is data location. Whereas, a major advantage of a private cloud run by the University for the University, is that any data stored on the cloud doesn t leave the University. Considering intellectual property, freedom of information and data protection rights - three things that must be understood when processing and storing data - storing data with the University makes life much simpler. A private cloud also has another advantage over its public counterparts: there are no charges for moving data to and from the cloud. Public providers have charges in place for data movement that can add significantly to the costs of using cloud infrastructure, even for those manipulating just reasonable amounts of data. The USDC private cloud is located on the University network and enjoys the benefits of a high-speed connection without users of the service attracting additional charges. Finally, another often cited issue is the reliability of the connection to the cloud provider. Depending on the Internet for accessing systems, with its bottlenecks and reliability questions, can be too risky for some applications. The location of the USDC private cloud within the boundaries of the University network makes it no different from accessing email, or many of the other central services that IT systems across the University depend upon. 1) Problems and solutions: Private cloud as an approach to IT operations-calls for organizations to transform their data centers, including the network. Using strategic points of control to aggregate and dynamically provision IT resources can help organizations meet networkrelated challenges and move past the hype to successfully build, deploy, and secure private clouds. Despite the grander change in motion, IT still must face a number of plaguing day-to-day limitations that include: 1) Low utilization of servers 2) Power, space, cost constraints 3) Delays in launching new services 4) High overhead in provisioning services and users 5) Unclear value contribution of center IT. 2) Benefits: Reduced costs: using this shared pool of configurable computing resources allows you to be less reliant upon internal systems and ultimately reduce your hardware and software expenditure. Increased efficiency: the Shared Services Advisory Group estimates that shared services can generate a 20-30% cost reduction in the public sector. Flexibility: you benefit from an on-demand resource which can be scaled up or down depending on your needs. a) Ease of implementation b) Scalability c) Access to top end it capabilities d) Redeployment of staff e) Sustainability 119
D. How does it work: In a large university or a consortium might become a provider of cloud services. Storage and processing needs can also be met by the cloud. Institutions pay only for the resources used, and users can access the applications and files they need from virtually any Internet-connected computer. In a mature cloud computing environment, institutions would be able to add new IT services or respond to changes in capacity on the fly, saving capital costs that can be redirected to programs of strategic value to the institution. E. Competing Demands in an Increasingly Complex Environment: College and university IT organizations are expected to keep up with a long list of competing demands, such as: Deploying applications and delivering web-based student services at a rapidly accelerating rate, often without a proportionate increase in budget for hardware, software, and personnel Drastically reducing CapEx and OpEx costs while maintaining the highest levels of security and privacy Maintaining a traditional IT infrastructure increasingly unable to accommodate the V. RELATED WORK: The USDC s private cloud provides a shared responsibility environment for computing. The private cloud provides the underlying infrastructure, but the IT services built upon it are owned and managed independently. This allows a Shared Infrastructure, Local Autonomy approach to IT services. This approach offers a great fit for one of the University s core principles subsidiary. Invent of Internet changes the way we use of computer. From mail to shopping we all depend on this huge group of network computer. Cloud computing has entirely changes what the internet means. Powerful of desktop application is available on net and storage is available online wherever we go from any device. E-Learning and web 2.0 learning totally changes of education system. Teacher and student work together in online project not in school or colleges but from home also. Teaching has never been easy without cloud computing. VI. SUGGESTED ACADEMIC CLOUD ENVIRONEMNT The study aims to suggest a cloud environment for academic purposes. Academic environment is where lots of computer is used and many of them are not in use which lead to malfunction of computer and maintenance is highly complicated due to lack of growing number of personal devices including tablets, Smartphone s, and laptops that students bring into the campus environment Offering sufficient bandwidth to accommodate huge swings in network usage, from the high activity of autumn to the lull of summer Competing against other universities, many of which attempt to differentiate themselves in the market based on the services they offer to students Security is an especially pressing issue for institutions of higher education. With many faculty members pursuing patent-pending research, and with student privacy safeguarded by strict regulations, colleges and universities must be careful to minimize exposure to legal risk and compliance risk. A secure and reliable networking infrastructure is therefore a flat-out requirement. Fortunately, many higher education institutions have found a way to meet these competing demands for greater agility, less risk, and lower cost by migrating much of their IT infrastructure to the cloud. staff. The proposed cloud computing environment will be of storage infrastructure, development platform, and software deliverables. Changing of hardware resources and lots of storage capacity is required in academic environment computing lab. Many universities and colleges started using thin client technology to reduce the cost but thin client is not suitable for high performance computing. Office applications, programming language, and multimedia developing courses are not only for IT department but too many departments also. Also every year, the new versions of applications were used for courses with respect to the needs of industry. As a natural result of this progress, new software cause new hardware costs. Installing and maintaining will be free from everyone. Whenever any new software appears many of hardware don t support and everyday many bytes of storage are required where loss of data is very high due to improper handling of computer by many student. Student mistakenly or unknowingly deletes other data. VII. CONCLUSION: Cloud Computing paradigm is a new approach to produce a solution for old problems. This paradigm offers many benefits to enterprises, industries and universities. Many huge IT companies develop new cloud-based applications, and construct new cloud infrastructure. Most of the research in literature focused on benefits, opportunities, advantages, disadvantages, risks and 120
configuration of Cloud computing for enterprises. We have tried to show that the Cloud Computing can also be used for universities. Use of Cloud Computing on universities has many benefits such as accessing the file storages, e-mails, databases, educational resources, research applications and tools anywhere for faculty, administrators, staff, students and other users in university, on demand. A few universities already started cloud computing technology for educational use. The main goal of suggested prototype is; managing effectively the technological needs of universities such as delivery of software, providing of development platform, storage of data, and computing. REFERENCES [1] Bozzelli, T. (2009). Will the Public Sector Cloud Deliver Value? Powering the Cloud Infrastructure, CISCO, [Retrieved Oct 5, 2010], http://www.cisco.com/web/strategy/docs/gov/2009_cloud_pu blic_sector_tbozelli.pdf Bristow, R., Dodds, T., [2] Northam, R. & Plugge, L. (2010). Cloud Computing and the Power to Choose, EDUCAUSE, [Online], http://www.educause.edu/educause+review/educaus EReviewMagazineVolume45/CloudComputingandthePowert ocho/205498 [3] Brunette, G. & Mogull, R. (2009). Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus on Cloud Computing, Cloud Security Alliance. [Online],http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/csag uide.v2.1.pdf [4] Catteddu, D. & Hogben, G. (2009). Cloud Computing: Benefits, Risks and Recommendations for Information Security, European Network and Information Security Agency. [Online [5] Ercan, T. (2010). Effective Use of Cloud Computing in Educational Institutions, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2,938 942 [6] Golden, B. (2010). What Cloud Computing Can Do for Higher Education, CXO Media Inc. [7] Goldstein, P. J. (2009). Alternative IT Sourcing Strategies: From the Campus to the Cloud, EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research. [Online], [8] ISACA (2009). Cloud Computing: Business Benefits, With Security, Governance and Assurance Perspectives, SearchSecurity.com, 1-10 [9] Ivan, I., Vintilă, B., Ciurea, C. & Doinea, M. (2009). The Modern Development Cycle of Citizen Oriented Applications, Studies in Informatics and Control, 18 (3), 263-270 Jitterbit (2009). Five Integration Tips to Cloud Computing Success, Jitterbit, Inc. [Online], Katz, R., Goldstein, P. & Yanosky, R. (2010). Cloud Computing in Higher Education, EDUCAUSE. [Online], [Retrieved October 5,2010], [10] Katz, R. N,, Goldstein, P. J. & Yanosky, R.(2009). Demystifying Cloud Computing for Higher Education, EDUCAUSE. [Online], [11] Kavis, M. (2009). A Move to Cloud Computing Should Involve SOA and BPM, TechTarget, CIO News. [Online] 121