University-Industry Interaction: The Case of Optical Communications in Brazil

Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [1] Na#onal Ins#tute of Photonics Science and Technology for Op#cal Communica#ons Ins#tuto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Fotônica para Comunicações Óp#cas University-Industry Interaction: The Case of Optical Communications in Brazil Prof. Hugo Fragnito INCT FOTONICOM Director Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Campinas: 1.1 million people US$ 17 Billion GDP (PPP) Tmin/Tmax = 12.3 / 30.0 ºC 80 km from São Paulo City Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [2] 29/05/15, 22

Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [3] 29/05/15, 33

UNICAMP 4

Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [5] University of Campinas UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS hpp://www.aeplan.unicamp.br/anuario/2014/filipeta2014_ing.pdf Data base 2013 Established 05/Oct/1966 Budget US$ 1.23 Billion Faculty 1,795 (99% PhD) Total employees 10,013 Undergrad students 18,338 Graduate students 16,195 Master deg. awarded 1,310 Doctorate theses 946 Patents requested 75 Ar[cles (ISI WoS) 3,149

Pre- History 1966 Founda[on of UNICAMP (State University of Campinas) 1972 Three former researchers from Bell Laboratories, Sérgio Porto, José Ripper, and Rogério Cerqueira Leite, arrive at Unicamp with a visionary plan 1973 A Program on Op[cal Communica[ons Development is proposed to Telebras (the holding of the telecommunica[ons monopoly in Brazil). It comprised 3 projects for the development and fabrica[on of: 1. Op[cal Fibers 2. Semiconductor Diode Lasers 3. Integrated Op[cal Devices 1974 The Op[cal Communica[ons Program is signed (started by 1975). This was the first University- Industry R&D contract in Brazil Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [6]

1977 Op[cal fiber at Unicamp 1979 Pilot plant at CPqD 1980 Transfer to ABC- Xtal History 1983 Op[cal Fiber produc[on (ABC- Xtal) Fusion Couplers (Optolink, AGC) Diode Lasers (AsGa) 1992 Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (Optolink, ABC- Xtal) Produc[on: 1 million km/yr Submarine fiber system deployment (Sahim Cury) 2002 The bubble.com reaches Brazil 2006 Padtec: DWDM equipment; 100 Gbps (2012); Submarine Link Technology (2014) Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [7]

Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [8] The players ABC-Xtal UNICAMP CPqD

Op[cal Communica[ons R&D in Campinas Unicamp CPqD Telebrás Industry 1974 Contract Unicamp-Telebrás for Fiber Optic, Laser Diodes & Integrated Optics Development 1977 OF (Optical Fiber) NLO (Nonlinear Optics) CPqD Campinas Campus 1983 Fiber Couplers OF pilot plant 1986 1990 Quantum Dots EDFA (Erbium Amplifiers) Solitons Polymer MZM Fiber Couplers EDFA Xtal: OF production AGC: Fiber Couplers 1995 Polymer MZM WDM Systems NLO WDM e Xtal and AGC: EDFA 1996 CPqD discontinues basic technology development Embratel: WDM 1997 1998 NExFot Contract Unicamp-CPqD for WDM system studies Privatization of Telecom Embratel: NLO Optolink: EDFA 2000 CePOF 2005 KyaTera 2009 Fotonicom 2014 Padtec Contracts with Corning and Ericsson 16 Industrial partners BRLAbs and R4F Si Photonics BRPhotonics: Polymer MZM

Economics of Fiber- Op[c Communica[ons Vertical Integration Chain for Optical Communications Technology $$$ Steps Examples Services Telecom Services (Telephony, CATV, Internet), Data Centers Systems DWDM, Submarine, PON End user Carriers, Service providers Equipment Rx, Tx, Transponders, Amplifiers, ROADM Service providers, Integrators Sub-assemblies Devices Components Modules, Transceivers Couplers, Lasers Fibers Equipment/ Assembling industries Materials Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [10] $$$ Customers Optical glasses, semiconductors Components manufacturers, Basis industries

Op[cal Communica[ons R&D in Campinas Unicamp CPqD Telebrás Industry 1974 Contract Unicamp-Telebrás for Fiber Optic, Laser Diodes & Integrated Optics Development 1977 OF (Optical Fiber) NLO (Nonlinear Optics) CPqD Campinas Campus 1983 1986 1990 Fiber Couplers EDFA (Erbium Amplifiers) OF pilot plant Fiber Couplers EDFA Xtal: OF production AGC: Fiber Couplers 1995 WDM Systems NLO WDM e Xtal and AGC: EDFA 1996 Embratel: WDM 1997 1998 Privatization of Telecom Embratel: NLO 2000 2005 Padtec 2009 2014

Op[cal Communica[ons R&D in Campinas Unicamp CPqD Telebrás Industry 1974 1977 CPqD Campinas Campus 1983 1986 1990 Quantum Dots Solitons Polymer MZM 1995 Polymer MZM e 1996 1997 1998 2000 2005 Proposed technologies that never reached the productive sector (so far ) 2009 2014 Fotonicom Si Photonics BRPhotonics: Polymer MZM

Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [13] The model University R&D Center Industries Simple and linear, but Key detail: Transfer of brains technology is transferred together with the researchers (that are hired by the receptor of the knowledge) University provides well trained people and disrup#ve ideas R&D Center provides usable technology, manuals, standards Industry research makes op#miza#on, miniaturiza#on

Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [14] Technology Transfer Photonics & Optical Communications in Campinas 2001: CePOF 2009: Fotonicom

Wired Magazine (July, 2000) Network switches and cell sites are replacing coffee and sugarcane as this region's cash crops, making Campinas a leader in Brazil's communica[ons revolu[on. With the demand for wireless set to outstrip terrestrial lines, and data networks in need of upgrade, major players can't drop down factories fast enough. Nortel, Motorola, and Lucent are here, as well as R&D labs like CPqD - a spinoff of Telebrás, the now- priva[zed na[onal telephone carrier. This city also boasts Unicamp, Brazil's answer to MIT, which houses the na[on's number- one computer science program and churns out future digera[ who needn't look far for work. A tech- savvy city agency, Ciatec, oversees development and manages an incubator for startups. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.07/silicon.html?pg=9 Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [15]

Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [16] Industrial Partners

Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [17] Sao Paulo Campinas UNICAMP HiTech Mapamundi United Nations Org 2001

Mogi Mirim Paulínia 10 km radius UNICAMP Lucent Technologies Bell Labs Innovations Sumaré Monte Mor CIATEC Small Business Incubator OPTOLINK (EDFA) ECCO (Fibers, Lasers) FIBER WORK (Fiber Bragg Gratings) UNILASER (Lasers)... São José dos Campos Rio de Janeiro 0 10 km São Paulo 29/05/15 Sorocaba PHOTONICS MAP of CAMPINAS

Prof. Hugo Fragnito; 29/05/15 [19] Na#onal Ins#tute of Photonics Science and Technology for Op#cal Communica#ons Ins#tuto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Fotônica para Comunicações Óp#cas THANK YOU Hugo Fragnito hugo@ifi.unicamp.br hqp://fotonicom.ifi.unicamp.br/