GIS and GPS Integrated Fleet Management system for Chennai City using GIS technique A.Ambica Department of Civil Engineering Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai 73 ABSTRACT Routes and networks are the interconnected features that are used for transportation and include highways, railways, and city streets. To demonstrate the use of network analysis, this study focused on determining the optimal route between the two or more destinations based on a specific travel expense. For the purposes of this study, those expenses of travel would be based on the length of time or the distance required traveling from origin to any destination point by visiting certain locations. Geographical Information system (GIS) software is used to determine the quickest way or the shortest way between those locations. Using Arc GIS 9.1 with the Network Analyst does analysis of such complicated networks. The attribute data of the road network was collected to develop the database. The database demonstrates the system to analyze the network by finding an optimal route. After analysis an optimal route representing the total cost of route in meters' as well as in minutes was developed. The result of analysis includes the directions to travel on that route. Using Arc GIS 9.1 with the Network Analyst we should also finding out the closest facility, service area and origin-destination cost matrix from the incidents to different facilities. Due to the rise of population growth the vehicular density also increases because of that accidents rate are also increased. It has been estimated that over 3, 00,000 persons dieand 1-1.5 lakh persons are injured every single year in road accidents throughout the world. In this study GIS-GPS Integrated Fleet Management system has been made to solve the routing problem of Chennai Metropolitan Transport Corporation Bus Services to find a shortest route in case of any traffic congestion, road accidents, bus breakdown and road block. Keywords: GIS, GPS, Network Analyst, Shortest path 1. Introduction Cities play a central role in elevating the economic growth and welfare. Their physical, social and institutional infrastructures are responsible for the progress and the development of the cities. So the city becomes with heavy population density this leads to heavy vehicular growth and traffic congestions in urban areas. In Cities most of the population depends upon the public transport buses for their daily transport. So there is a need to make the bus system to be more effective and efficient both to the passengers and the department. It will help the passengers to plan their journey effectively. ISSN: 2249-0183 http://www.ijbttjournal.org Page 16
According to Corberán et al (2002) transportation is mainly involved to minimize the cost and time. Constraints taken into consideration were impedance for intersections, type of road and speed. This study gives a comparison of calculated routes and existing routes by Network Analysis. Mukti Advani et al. (2005) has studied and determined the optimal routes in Bhavnagar district area. Today planning an optimal route is an important task to improve the economic status of the public transport services. El Shafey & Nasimudheen et al., [1997] used Network Analysis to produce optimum routes for the buses used in the schools and to reduce bus transportation cost. Results of the application are very encouraging. The result of the studies shows that during test running, vehicle routing application could generate routes which are 33% more efficient and cheaper than the previous routes. Naranker Dulay et al (2006) had done a study on Time Contours; this project explores the potential in creating dynamic maps to describe time accessibility of networks from arbitrary starting points. It achieves this through the demonstration of the value of these isochronic maps, and in the direction of a framework for further modeling and experimentation. This model (Network model and analysis) produces journey time estimations for all nodes in the network, and can be used in surface generation. Currently, most of shortest path algorithm used in GIS application is often not sufficient for efficient management in time-critical applications such as emergency response applications. It doesn t take into account dynamic emergency information changes at node/vertex level especially when applying in emergency situations such as large fires (in cities or even in buildings), flooding, chemical releases, terrorist attacks, road accidents, traffic and road blocks etc. The last years, different kind of algorithms have been proposed finding the optimal routes. One such as the Dijkstra s algorithm, used by Network Analyst, is a greedy algorithm that solves the single-source shortest path problem for a directed graph with nonnegative edge weights (Dijkstra 1959). However, the existing road network in the city is unable to accommodate the present day heavy vehicular traffic. Therefore this is a serious problem in transportation where time factor plays a crucial role. To find optimal route between two given points, either the shortest path between them or the route having minimum travel time is to be selected. In this study, the main aim is to determine the optimization of transport service for existing road using GIS network analysis technique for Chennai Metropolitan Transport Corporation Bus Services. Therefore detailed objectives were carry out to derive the aim such as (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) To prepare digital data of road network map of Chennai District To create accurate maps showing existing bus routes and bus stops in the study area. To determine the optimal routes between various origin destination points. To find out the closest Facility and Service area. 2. Study Area Chennai is the capital of the south Indian State of Tamil Nadu. It is the fourth largest metropolis of India. The Geographic location of Chennai extends from Longitude 80º 05 to 80 º 15 E and Latitude of 12 º 50 to 13 º 00 (Figure 1) on the southwest coast of India in the northeast coast of India in the northern of Tamil Nadu,on a flat coastal plain known as the eastern Coastal plains. Its average elevation is around 6.7 m (20 feet) and its highest point is 60m ISSN: 2249-0183 http://www.ijbttjournal.org Page 17
(200m). Chennai is divided into 4 parts: North, Central, South and west. North Chennai is primarily an industrial area; Central Chennai is the commercial heart of the city and includes an important business district, parry s corner. South Chennai and west Chennai previously mostly residential, are fast becoming commercial home to a growing number of information technology firms, financial companies and call centres.the city is expanding quickly along the old Mahabalipuram Road and the Grand Southern Trunk road (GST road)in the south and towards Ambattur,Koyambedu and Sriperambadur in the west. Chennai is one of the few cities in the world that accommodate a national park, the Guindy National Park within its limits. The present area of the Chennai city is 177 sq.km, with the population of about 6 million. As per the 2001 Census density of population is roughly about 24,000 persons per square kilometer. 3.Road Network and Public Transport The road network of Chennai has, divided into five major National Highways radiate outward from Chennai such as Erukancheri High Road to the northwest, becoming National Highway 5(NH5) to Kolkata. Poonamallee High Road (Periyar Salai) to the west, becoming National Highway 4 (NH4) to Mumbai (via Bangalore and Pune) Mount Road (Anna Salai) to the South-west, becoming National Highway 45(NH45) to Tiruchirappalli and the interior of TamilNadu. Beach Road to the south along coast, becoming East Coast Road to Mahabalipuram, Pondicherry and beyond. Chennai MTC Bus service provides a network that covers the entire city. The service provides a network that covers the entire city. This service, operating from 4.00am to roundabout midnight, is affordable and frequent. Apart from the regular buses, there are Limited Stop services, Express services and Point-to-point services, circular route services and AC services. It is necessary to guarantee that all these services serve the people. 4. Methodology In the study, the satellite image of the study area was georeferenced and on-line digitization was carried out by using ARCGIS 9.1. Road Network of the Chennai district map of scale 1:1000 was obtained from field survey data using the GPS tracks. The Entire city has been surveyed with the help of GARMIN hand held GPS instrument. The GPS tracks have been converted into shape file using the GPS software (Map Source). Digitization of road network of the study area is digitized as line features. Bus stops are digitized as point features. Once the digitization was completed that the Road layer is subjected for topology building. It displays the error, if any. The links, nodes and the centroids (labels) are verified for all features. The above spatial data is organized in layers or themes in the current project and the data use is given bellow. The generalized flowchart adopted for the present study is given in the figure 2. GIS Software ArcGIS 9.1 ISSN: 2249-0183 http://www.ijbttjournal.org Page 18
GPS Software Instrument Used Map Source - GARMIN Handheld GPS DATA USED Spatial Data Polygon: Chennai District map Line : Road Network Point : Bus stops Non Spatial Data The following data was collected by conducting numerous ground surveys in the study area. Street names and addresses Corporation speed data for various streets(road Type, Road Access, No of Lanes, Foot Path details, Road Classification etc.,) Important landmarks, Bus Stops Road with Bus numbers from Metropolitan Transport Corporation website ISSN: 2249-0183 http://www.ijbttjournal.org Page 19
Figure 1. Location of study Area Data Collection Spatial Data Non-Spatial Data Google Earth & GPS survey 7 Georeferencing Attribute Addition Digitization Using Arc gis 9.1 Layers City boundary Roads Bus stop Locations Road Names Bus Stop Names Traffic Attributes (width,length,speed limit, No of lanes, Road class, Road Access) GIS DATABASE Creation of Topology in Arccatalog using Topology Tool Correction of Errors Creation of Network Dataset in Arccatalog Using Network Analyst Extension GIS ANALYSIS NETWORK ANALYSIS RESULTS 1. Existing Route 2. Shortest Route 3. Closest Facility 4. Service Area 5. O-D Cost Matrix ISSN: 2249-0183 http://www.ijbttjournal.org Page 20
Result and Discussion (i) NETWORK ANALYSIS Network consists of well connected linear features. Roads, railway line, water distribution system, Sewer line, streams are some of the examples of networks. These networks consist of nodes and arcs with designated directions and connection with other linear features. Networks arc topology based with attributes for the flow of objects like traffic. Road network will be considered for explaining network analysis. Road map is digitized with nodes and arcs. Signals, accidents are represented as points. Road is represented as line and two or more roads intersect at nodes. Attributes are added to the nodes and lines. In this study the study area is divided into 1.Existing Route 2. Shortest Path 2.Closest Facility 3.Origin-Destination Cost Matrix 4. Service Area Analysis. The selected route 27D from Foreshore Estate to Villivakkam (Figure 3) because this route contains the National Highways NH 45 (Anna Salai) and NH 4 (Poonamalle High Road and Chennai Thiruvalluvar Highroad) so many educational facilities, shopping malls and tourist places in this route. So this route is always a Congested area to travel because of the traffic in the whole day. So there is a need to find an alternate route in the road network. The actual distance from selected origin to destination is 23 kms In the Network the existing route should be finding out by query using the find out button by selecting the field as bus number and the driver enter the bus number the road network database shows the existing route to the driver to reach the destination by direction window with turn restrictions. (ii) SHORTEST ROUTE ANALYSIS BASED ON LENGTH AND TIME Route planning is a process that helps vehicle drivers to plan a route prior to or during a journey. It is widely recognized as a fundamental issue in the field of transportation. A variety of route optimization criteria or planning criteria may be used in route planning. The quality of a route depends on many factors such as distance, travel time, travel speed and number of turns. These are all factors all can be referred as travel cost. Some drivers may prefer the shortest path based on distance and some prefer based on travel time. The Route selection Criteria can be either fixed by a design or implemented via a selectable user interface. In the Current project route selection is via user interface. In the optimization of the travel distance (road segment length), distance was stored in digital data base and the route planning algorithm was used. In the optimized of travel time, road segment length and speed limit, on that road are stored in digital database and travel time was calculated (distance/speed limit). The calculated travel time was used as travel cost in the route optimization. Assumed if there is any road accident or road block in the study route there is a need to find out an alternate route and the route should be safest and fastest route. In this case the Network Analyst suggested the new route with length as impedance with one way restriction the direction window in network analyst shows the route direction and length of the route. Network Analyst window avoid the traffic congested area and suggested new shortest route with distance of 18.9 kms to traverse along the route (Figure 4). The Direction window in the Network Analyst window gives the report guidance with the turn details to the driver to reach the destination without the delay. The shortest route based on time of the road ISSN: 2249-0183 http://www.ijbttjournal.org Page 21
network is 19.1 kms with 9 minutes time to traverse along the route (Figure 5). The direction window for the shortest route is solved by the network analyst. The Closest Bus Route Facility, Origin-Destination Cost Matrix and Service Area within a 2-minute time response in the study area road network were also presented in the figure 6, 7 and 8 respectively. Figure. 3 Existing Bus Route from Foreshore Estate to Villivakkam ISSN: 2249-0183 http://www.ijbttjournal.org Page 22
Figure. 4 Shortest route based on the length Figure. 5 Shortest route based on the time Figure 6. Closest Bus Route Facility ISSN: 2249-0183 http://www.ijbttjournal.org Page 23
Figure 7. Origin-Destination Cost Matrix Figure 8 Service Area within a 2-minute time response in the road network ISSN: 2249-0183 http://www.ijbttjournal.org Page 24
6. CONCLUSION Geographic Information System can be used to address the objectives of finding the optimal route between the given origin and destination. Use of Shortest path algorithms saves fuel, saves time by selecting the alternative routes to avoid possible delays. Online tracking can reduce theft is widely promoted in these days as an ultimate navigation and vehicle tracking tool. Adopting GIS technology identifies where the services and facilities are need by the management. This integrated GIS definitely will help the management of the road network by the concerned organizations to maintain a user-friendly relation along the people. The study presented above has been made only for a selected typical bus route. This can be conveniently extended to the whole of Chennai road networks. If the system is very accuracy we can use for mapping for remote places. The increase in use of high spatial and spectral resolution satellite data for analysis can make the whole job much simpler. It is hoped that the bus department officials would find this software useful to implement a real time vehicle location. References: 1. GIS, Lo, C. P., and Yeung K. W. Albert Concepts and Techniques of 2. Geographic Information System, Prentice-Hall of Indian Private Limited, 2005. 3. Kang-stung Chang (2005) - Introduction to Geographical Information Systems. Tata McGraw- Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi. 4. Arthur, J.S & Wilson. B. (1984) Scheduling School Buses Management, a. Science, Vol.30, No.7, pp.844-853 5. Kharola P.S., Gopalkrishna B. and Prakash D.C., 2000, Fleet 6. Management using GPS and GIS, Bangalore Metropolitan Transport 7. Corporation (BMTC) case study, Map India 2001. 8. Yi-Hwa Wu (1999) GIS based decision support system for analysis of route a. choice in congested urban road networks, paper published from University of b. Utah 9. Cherkassky, B (1993) Shortest path algorithms: theory and theory and a. experimental evaluation. Technical Report 93-1480,Dept of Computer b. Science, Stanford University. 10. Savvaidis P.,Ifadis I.M. and Lakakis k., 2000, Use of Fleet management System for monitoring traffic conditions after a major earthquake in an urban area,22nd Urban and Regional Data Management Sysmposium,September 11-15th,2000,Delft,the Netherlands 11. Burrough, P.A & R.A. McDonnell (1998), Principles of Geographical Information System, Oxford, University Press,Inc., New York. 12. Irfan Ali Memon (2005), Master thesis in Application of Geographic Information system in Transportation for Road Network Analysis, 13. Marius T.(1999), Modeling Commuter trip length and duration within GIS:application to an O-D survey, journal of geographic information and decision ananlysis,vol 3,issue1,pp 40-56. 14. Crowson (1997), A GIS for public transit, ESRI conference, San Diego, CA. 15. Gurusamy V.(2000) optimal route analysis using GIS, Map India 2000,at http://www.gisdevelopment.net ISSN: 2249-0183 http://www.ijbttjournal.org Page 25
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