Biochimica Cellulare II Cellular Biochemistry II e COMPREHENSION OF MECHANISMS REGULATING CELL CYCLE AND CELL PROLIFERATION IN EUKARYOTES. EVOLUTION OF MOLECULAR CIRCUITS THAT REGULATE GROWTH AND CELL DIVISION. CONTROL OF G1/S TRANSITION. BUDDING YEAST AS A MODEL. CELL SIZE REGULATION. CYCLINS AND CONTROL OF DNA SYNTHESIS. CONTROL OF MITOSIS. FISSION YEAST AS A MODEL ORGANISM. EXIT FROM MITOSIS AND CELL DIVISION. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH OTHER SYSTEMS. MAMMALIAN CELLS. LOGIC OF MOLECULAR MECHANISMS THAT REGULATE GROWTH AND CELL DIVISION. ALTERATION OF CELL CYCLE REGULATION AND NEOPLASTIC GROWTH. ONCOGENES AND ANTI-ONCOGENES. SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND CANCER. IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR TARGETS FOR LEAD COMPOUND WITH ANTINEOPLASTIC AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES. Biologia Molecolare Apllicata Applied Molecular Biology e TO ELUCIDATE AND GET A DEEPER KNOWLEDGE OF THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS EXPRESSION SYSTEMS FOR PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS: GENOMIC AND CDNA LIBRARIES. PHAGE VECTORS. PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI. EXPRESSION, PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF HETEROLOGOUS PROTEINS IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AND IN NON CONVENTIONAL YEASTS. EUKARYOTIC EXPRESSION SYSTEMS: THE BACULOVIRUS SYSTEM. TRANSIENT AND STABLE EXPRESSIONS. VIRAL AND RETROVIRAL VECTORS. TRANSGENIC ANIMALS AND GENE-TARGETING IN MAMMALIAN CELLS. GENE KNOCK-OUT IN MICE. PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION: THE TWO-HYBRID SYSTEM AND ITS MODIFICATIONS (REVERSE TWO-HYBRID, THREE HYBRID). PHAGE-DISPLAY. FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND BIOINFORMATICS: COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCING. DNA ARRAYS. EXPLORING DNA AND PROTEIN DATABASES.
Chimica Combinatoria Combinatorial Chemistry e PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE RECENT TECHNIQUES USED IN DRUG DISCOVERY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIBRARIES OF POTENTIALLY BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS INTRODUCTION: COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY AS A MODERN TOOL IN DRUG DISCOVERY. MOLECULAR DIVERSITY. DEFINITION AND TYPES OF COMBINATORIAL LIBRARIES AND BUILDING BLOCKS. EXAMPLES OF THE FIRST PEPTIDE AND OLIGONUCLEOTIDE LIBRARIES. THE CONCEPT OF DECONVOLUTION AND OF ENCODING. TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED IN COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY: SOLID PHASE SYNTHESIS, RESINS, LINKERS, SOLVENTS, AND SOLID-SUPPORTED REAGENTS. COMBINATORIAL SYNTHESIS APPROACHES: PARALLEL SYNTHESIS; SPLIT AND MIX AND SORT AND COMBINE. COMBINATORIAL SYNTHESIS OF SMALL MOLECULES. PLANNING OF LIBRARIES. DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENTATION EMPLOYED IN COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY: AUTOMATED SYNTHESIS, HIGH-THROUGHPUT PURIFICATION METHODS AND ANALYTICS. 6 Chimica Computazionale dei Processi Biotecnologici Computational Chemistry of Biotechnological Processes e TO PROVIDE THE STUDENT THE INSTRUMENTS FOR MULTIVARIATE-DATA TREATMENT, WITH PARTICULAR REGARD FOR EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN. MULTIVARIATE STRUCTURE OF COMPLEX DATA. TECHNIQUES OF MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS. MODEL VALIDATION. INTRODUCTION TO EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN. 6 Chimica Computazionale dei Processi Biotecnologici Mod I Computational Chemistry of Biotechnological Processes e
INTRODUCTION TO THE COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES BASED ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND BAYESIAN NETWORKS FOR ANALYSIS OF DATA RELEVANT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY. INTRODUZTION TO THE TEORY OF NEURAL NETWORKS AND BAYESIAN NETWORKS. CLASSIFICATION METHODS OF GENE ESPRESSION DATA BASED ON BAYESIAN NETWORKS. INFERENCEOF GENE NETWORKS. IDENTIFICATION OF STRUCTURAL MOTIFS IN PROTEINS WITH STATISTICAL AND NON STATISTICAL METHODS: COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCY. CLUSTERING AND CLASSIFICATION AS TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS OF METHABOLIC PATHWAYS. Composti organici di interesse farmaceutico Organic compounds of pharmaceutical interest e AIM OF THE COURSE IN TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE MAIN CLASSES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF PHARMACEUTICAL INTEREST AND ON THE GUIDELINES USED IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY FOR DRUG DISCOVERY. GENERAL ASPECTS OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY: DEFINITION,, CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. STRATEGIES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DRUG TARGETS AND PROTOTYPE MOLECULES. PRIMARY EXPLORATION OF STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP. SUBSTITUENTS AND FUNCTIONS: QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP. TRIDIMENTIONAL ORGANISATION AND RECEPTORIAL MAPPING. CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS INFLUENCING THE PHARMACOKINETIC PROPERTIES. Composti organici di interesse alimentare e cosmetico Organic compounds of cosmetic and nutritional interest e
PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE RELEVANCE OF A VARIETY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS USED IN COSMETIC AND NUTRITION, SUCH AS FLAVOURS, COLORANTS, VITAMINS. PROVIDE THE INSTRUMENTS TO GET INFORMATION AND MAKE A RESEARCH IN THIS FIELD. INTRODUCTION ON THE VISUAL AND OLFACTOMETRIC PROPERTIES ASSOCIATED TO THE STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS: COLOUR AND FLAVOUR. MARKET CONSIDERATIONS. DESCRIPTION OF THE MORE RELEVANT FLAVOURS AND COLOUR ADDITIVES DIVIDED PER CLASSES AND SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THEIR BIOSYNTHESIS. CAROTENOIDS, XANTOFILLES. QUINONES AND VITAMIN K. METABOLITES OF SHIKIMIC ACID, VANILLIN. RIBOFLAVINS, FLAVONOIDS. FLAVOURS DERIVED FRON FATTY ACIDS METABOLISM. TERPENES. FLAVOURS DERIVED FROM AMINOACIDS METABOLISM. SULPHUR CONTAINING FLAVOURS. SHORT ACCOUNT ON THE PROCEDURES FOR EXTRACTION, SYNTHESIS, FERMENTATION. FLAVOUR POTENTIATORS, PRESERVATIVES. GELS. ACCESS TO INFORMATION AND DATABASES ON THE TOPIC AND PERSONAL RESEARCH OF THE STUDENT ON ONE OR MORE PRODUCTS. Economia ed organizzazione aziendale 2 Business Economics and Organisation 2 Scritto/e written/ THE COURSE PROVIDES BASIC ELEMENTS OF BUSINESS STRATEGY AND ORGANISATION. IT ALSO SHOWS HOW TO BUILD A BUSINESS PLAN. THE COURSE IN DEPTH ANALYSES THE CASE OF THE BIOTECH INDUSTRY. FIRM S STRATEGY: THE EXTERNAL CONFIGURATION OF THE COMPANY: INDUSTRY ANALYSIS, STRATEGIC POSITION. BUSINESS UNIT COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: COST AND DIFFERENTIATION. BUSINESS PORTFOLIO COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: DIVERSIFICATION. THE INTERNAL CONFIGURATION OF THE COMPANY: THE FIRM S VALUE CHAIN. THE COMPANY ORGANISATION: DESIGNING THE FIRM S ORGANISATION: DIVISION OF LABOUR, COORDINATION MECHANISMS, JOB POSITIONS, ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES. THE BUSINESS PLAN: STRUCTURE AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS PLAN. THE CASE OF BIOTECH INDUSTRY: COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES AND INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION. Enzimologia e Biochimica Industriale Industrial Enzymology and Biochemistry e
MECHANISMS REGULATING PROTEIN FOLDING AND STABILITY. ENZYMATIC BIOCENVERSIONS. PROTEOME, PROTEIN/PROTEIN INTERACTIONS AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY STUDIES AND THEIR USE IN PROJECTS OF POSSIBLE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION. THERMODINAMIC AND KINETIC ASPECTS OF PROTEIN FOLDING. SEARCH FOR NOVEL ENZYME ACTIVITY AND IMPROVEMENT OF ENZYMES PERFORMANCES BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING (NOTABLY BY DIRECTED EVOLUTION METHODS). INDUSTRIAL USE OF SOLUBLE AND IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES. APPLICATION OF SEVERAL ENZYME FAMILIES IN CHEMICAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND FOOD INDUSTRY. ELEMENTS OF SCALING-UP. METHODOLOGIES TO IDENTIFY PHARMACEUTICAL TARGETS BY INNOVATIVE APPROACHES, INCLUDING FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY. REVIEWS, ORIGINAL PAPERS AND PATENTS WILL USED THROUGHOUT THE COURSE. Farmacologia Generale General Principles of Pharmacology e THE PURPOSE IS PROVIDING BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON THE PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOKINETIC AND TOXICOLOGY OF DRUGS AND BIOPHAMACEUTIC PRODUCTS. PHARMACOKINETIC: DRUG FORMULATION INFLUENCE ON PHARMACOKINETIC PROCESS. DRUG METABOLISING ENZYMES PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE METABOLIC ENZYME INDUCTION. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PHARMACOKINETIC PROCESS. BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCT FORMULATIONS AND BIOPHARMACEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS. DRUG TOXICOLOGY: PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY. MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY. DRUG ADVERSE AND ALLERGIC REACTIONS. THE DRUG ABUSE. RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE DRUGS AND CONCEPT OF THERAPEUTIC INDEX. EVALUATION OF DRUG INTERACTIONS. Genetica Molecolare Molecular Genetics e
THE COURSE IS AIMED TO PROVIDE THE STUDENTS WITH THE INSTRUMENTS FOR THE CRITICAL READING OF ORIGINAL PAPERS DEALING WITH THE MOLECULAR GENETICS OF DIFFERENT ESSENTIAL PROCESSES IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS. ORIGINAL SELECTED PAPERS WILL BE READ AND DISCUSSED IN DETAILS TO ANALYZE THE DIFFERENT APPROACHES USED TO STUDY THE MOLECULAR GENETIC BASIS OF SOME FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS, AMONG WHICH: CONTROL OF CELLULAR RESPONSE TO DNA DAMAGE AND TO ALTERATIONS IN THE MITOTIC APPARATUS; CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION THROUGH ALTERNATIVE RNA SPLICING; CONTROL OF MRNA STABILITY AND TRANSLATION; POST-TRANSALATIONAL CONTROLS OF GENE EXPRESSION. Immuno-genomica Immuno-genomics e THE COURSE GIVES A CRITICAL OVERVIEW OF THE NEW EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES IN THE FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS FIELD WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS TO THE STUDY OF THE COMPLEX FUNCTIONS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. THE COURSE WILL COVER THE FOLLOWING TOPICS. INTRODUCTION TO THE FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND THE TECHNOLOGY OF MICROARRAYS FOR GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS TO THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN. DATA MINING: DATA GENERATION, DATA PROCESSING, IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES. SUPERVISED AND UNSUPERVISED CLUSTERING, FUNCTIONAL CLUSTERING. REDUCTIONISM AND COMPLEXITY IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS AND IN THE DEFINITION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTIONS. FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS APPLIED AT THE STUDY OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY. FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS FOR THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE COMPLEXITY OF BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA. Ingegneria Metabolica Metabolic Engineering e
THE COURSE TO THE INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSES OF THE METABOLIC ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS. METABOLIC ENGINEERING AND MODELING. ANALYSES AND DEVELOPMENTS OF METABOLIC ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS. PRODUCTION OF HETEROLOGOUS METABOLITES AND IMPROVED HETEROLOGOUS PROTEIN PRODUCTIONS BY MEANS OF METABOLIC ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS. QA (QUALITY ASSURANCE), GLP (GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE), GMP (GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE). COSTS ANALYSES. Laboratorio di Purificazione, Analisi e Controllo del Prodotto Laboratory of purification and analysis of bioactive molecules Scritto/e written/ THE AIM OF THIS COURSE IS TO PROVIDE THE BASICS OF NMR, IR AND MASS SPECTROSCOPY FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. NMR THEORY: 1D AND 2D PROTON SPECTRA AND CARBON SPECTRA. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF IR AND MASS SPECTROSCOPY. PRACTICAL USE OF NMR SPECTROMETER (VARIAN MERCURY 400 MHZ) AND MASS SPECTROMETER (MALDI-TOF). INTERPRETATION OF NMR, IR AND MASS SPECTRA FROM WEB DATABASES. Prodotti e Processi Biotecnologici Biotechnological Products and Processes e DESCRIPTIONS OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PRODUCTS, PROCESSES AND EQUIPMENTS USED IN THE INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY.
SOME INDUSTRIAL ENZIMATIC PROCESSES, MOST IMPORTANT PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND FINE CHEMICALS OBTAINED WITH BIOTECHNOLOGY, DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTION, RECOVERY, PURIFICATION OF SOME PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS: INSULINE, HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE, TPA, MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY, INTERFERONS, SOME ANTIBIOTICS, SOME ECONOMICAL INFORMATIONS: THE ECONOMIC TURNOVER IN THE LAST YEAR IN THE WORLD OF THE MOST IMPORTANT BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, MOST IMPORTANT BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INDUSTRIES IN THE WORLD. Laboratorio di Sviluppo e Validazione dei Processi Practical Developing of a Biotechnological Microbial Process e AIM OF THIS COURSE IS TO ILLUSTRATE THE TOOLS FOR THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL MANIPULATION AND EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL AND RECOMBINANT MICRORGANISMS, IN ORDER TO PRODUCE PROTEINS AND METABOLITES. THE COURSE IS STRUCTURED IN TWO MODULES. MODULE 1 WILL BE DEVOTED TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF RECOMBINANT ORGANISM. DURING THE HERE PRESENTED MODULE 2, SAID MICROORGANISM WILL BE GROWN IN BIOREACTOR, TESTING DIFFERENT FERMENTATIVE STRATEGIES (BATCH, FED-BATCH), AIMED TO PURSUE HIGH LEVELS OF PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY AND YIELD. THE PRODUCTS OF THE FERMENTATIONS WILL BE PURIFIED AND ASSAYED DURING THE FOLLOWING COURSE PURIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE MOLECULES (DOWNSTREAM) THESE EXPERIENCES REFER TO ACTUAL BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROJECT. Laboratorio di Sviluppo e Validazione dei Processi Mod I Practical Developing of a Biotechnological Microbial Process Mod 1 Scritto/e written/ AIM OF THIS COURSE IS TO ILLUSTRATE THE TOOLS FOR THE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL MANIPULATION AND EXPLOITATION OF NATURAL AND RECOMBINANT MICRORGANISMS, IN ORDER TO PRODUCE PROTEINS AND METABOLITES.
THE COURSE IS STRUCTURED IN TWO MODULES. THE HERE PRESENTED MODULE 1 WILL BE DEVOTED TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF RECOMBINANT ORGANISM. DURING MODULE 2, SAID MICROORGANISM WILL BE GROWN IN BIOREACTOR, TESTING DIFFERENT FERMENTATIVE STRATEGIES (BATCH, FED-BATCH), AIMED TO PURSUE HIGH LEVELS OF PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY AND YIELD. THE PRODUCTS OF THE FERMENTATIONS WILL BE PURIFIED AND ASSAYED DURING THE FOLLOWING COURSE PURIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE MOLECULES (DOWNSTREAM) THESE EXPERIENCES REFER TO ACTUAL BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH PROJECT.