FSAE i2 Data Analysis Seminar Software Download & Installation MoTeC software is available for download from the website at: http://www.motec.com.au/software/latestreleases com 1
i2 Standard vs i2 Pro i2 Standard Single overlay lap Simple maths functions Corrected speed / distance Filter, scale and offset + - * / 15 Worksheets 5 time/distance graphs 10 Channels per graph 5 Outing graphs 2 Histograms 1 Scatter plot 1 Mixture map 1 Track Report Section Times i2 Pro Multiple overlay laps Advanced mathematics user maths global maths flexible Expressions Unlimited display components Unlimited workbooks Unlimited worksheets User definable track sections/sectors Lap Reports Statistics zoom Suspension Analysis Video Multiple projects Program Basic i2 Introduction Reliability and Safety Evaluating Driver Performance Evaluating Chassis Performance Data Maintenance 2
Basic i2 Introduction Getting Started Projects 3
Creating a New Project To move, save or copy a project, simply move that folder and everything but your data goes with it. Math, graphs, etc. On the new computer, it won t automatically show in the recent project list so you ll have to Open an Existing Project the first time. Open a Log Data File 5 ways to open files: 1) Pull-down menu File / Open Log File 2) Ctrl O 3) Icon on toolbar 4) F8, then Icon 5) F8, then right-click Open file dialog and icons 4
Data Window Lap Selection Main Overlay Other overlay laps FILE DETAILS Venue, Event Driver, Vehicle Date, Session Time, Comment and Filename Lap List Other overlay laps Overlay 0 Main Workbook Setup Worksheets should be grouped into workbooks by their type, such as Engine, Driver, Chassis, Suspension or they can be grouped for different people such as Engineer, Driver A, Driver B, Team Owner. Workbooks Worksheets 5
New Workbook New Worksheet 6
Adding Components Layout Add menu Right click on blank area of worksheet Available Components: Time / Distance Graph Outing Graph Histogram Suspension Histogram Scatter Plot Mixture Map FFT Video Track Report Track Position Rainbow track map Time Report Channel Report Gauges (various types) -> Add Time / Distance Graph 7
Adding Channels View properties of the selected channel Category or Alphabetic view still applies Search the channel list Channels Window Category Alphabetic Order Category Logged Order Alphabetic List Channel Properties Search Box Categories 8
Zoom Functions Mouse scroll Keyboard shortcuts Scroll bars Zoom Icons Horiz Zoom out full F2 Zoom to cursors Zoom window Horiz Zoom Default - W Vert Zoom out full Double click and drag to zoom Zoom in Horiz Vert Zoom in Zoom out Horiz Vert Zoom out Zoom & Pan Resize & Slide bar to Zoom & Pan Icon Shortcut keys Arrow keys Double Click, Drag & Click If you accidentally double click, hit Esc key To Zoom: use scroll wheel Double click to zoom out vertically To Pan: slide bottom x-axis 9
Time / Distance Graph 1 Lap select, Zoom and Scroll X axis Channel name Min Max Avg Value at cursor Time / Distance Graph 2 Active Channel mark F9 toggles the Time / Distance axis Rescale / Vertical Zoom group with active channel by dragging arrows 10
Resizing and Layout Click and drag edges to resize Click left corner to move Click and drag Splitter to resize Groups Values Box Hide/Show Track Map Show difference between Main and Ref laps Time and Distance at Cursor Channels on the graph. box = active channel Values of all channels. 11
Datum Cursor Show differences between 2 points on a graph Graph Properties 1 Creating a graph Channels Groups 12
Graph Properties 2 Display Title Layout Info Options Options Cursor Trace Channel Properties Unit Decimal Places Colour Up Sampling Scaling Info Edit Channel Colour Scheme 13
Channel Options on a Graph Hide Remove Edit Maths Filter Scale / Offset Zero at Cursor Previous Next Channel Properties Maths Simple Maths Functions (Filter, Scale & Offset) A number of simplified maths functions are provided to avoid the need to use the expression editor for simple operations like Filtering and Scale & Offset. All other functions must be performed using the Expression Editor. Note that these functions modify the original channel they do not create a new channel. To create a new channel use the corresponding functions in the expression editor. 14
Example Maths Expression Brake Pres front [psi] / ( Brake Pres front [psi] + Brake Pres Rear [psi]) Type Maths Expression Old Method of Data Analysis 15
New Method of Data Analysis Download the data every time the car enters Begin with the vital channels such as: Engine temps, pressures Battery voltages Then look at the performance data Listen to the driver Observe first what the car is doing and then try to understand why Reliability and Safety 16
Program Channel Reports Temperatures Pressures Battery Voltages Useful Tips Using the Channel Reports Main and reference lap details All laps channel report Selected laps (main and overlay) channel report Selected laps channel report by sectors 17
Zoom out to Entire Run Temperature Sensors Three major types of sensors: Thermistor Thermocouple Infrared 18
Reading Temperatures Max Engine Temp The maximum temps for each channel by lap Engine Temperature Problem Engine Temp too high 19
Pressure Sensors Different sensors available in Absolute or Gauge Standard d sensors so s ranges from 0 2000 PSI Can measure Fuel and Oil Pressure Reading Pressures Pressure summary per lap 20
Oil Pressure Problem Fuel Pressure Problem Fuel Pressure low 21
Reading Battery Voltages Battery Voltage looks noisy Useful Tips Max and Min lines in blue and red Oil Pressure decreasing with Engine Temp Battery voltage now looks fine 22
Annotations Evaluating Driver Performance 23
Driver Analysis Channels Engine RPM Wheel Speed Comparing Laps Throttle Position Steering Lateral and Longitudinal G Brake Pressure Reading Engine RPM Trace Upshift Downshift Straight Wheelspin Braking Corner 24
Wheel Speed Sensors Toothed wheel and sensor arrangement Accurate calibration in Dash/ECU software is required Measurement Sensors required Outcome Vehicle speed Lap by lap speed comparisons Wheel lockups under braking Driven wheels slip Gear selection trace Track Mapping Driver analysis Wheel speed Wheel speed, lap beacon Wheel speeds, front and rear Wheel speeds, front and rear Wheel speed, RPM, throttle position Wheel speed, Accelerometer, Beacon Wheel speed, G sensor Top speed, minimum corner speeds, corrected ground speed, corner Compare each lap for speed, overlay to find driver mistakes or faster race lines Brake locking into corners, help determine incorrect setup Diagnose traction problems, evaluate driver performance, find the slip ratio of the driving wheels Create accurate gearing charts to see whether gear selection is correct, driver analysis Create visual representations of the track for reference when examining data, virtual segment time. Extensive driver analysis through lap overlays, minimum and maximum speed comparisons, and accelerating/braking efficiency. Reading a Wheel Speed Trace Each wheel speed value at the cursor The Min, Max, Average wheel speed values The four wheel speeds overlayed against each other 1Hz GPS Speed trace 25
Comparing Laps - Overlays Reference Lap (Black) Faster Main Lap (Red) Where Did I Lose Time? Where biggest gain is made? Higher minimum corner speed Brakes being released 26
Overlayed Track Map Both cars as they compare to each other in that part of the lap Throttle Position Sensors Measurement Sensors required Outcome Throttle position Throttle Use of the engine, Linear potentiometer Accelerator cable Pedal Throttle histogram Throttle Time at full speed Average throttle Throttle Quantify handling Throttle speed Throttle See the agressivity of the driver on the throttle/pedal Brake position Brake pedal, See how the and when the drier brakes pressures brakes Brake pedal Brake speed Braking speed, reactivity position Clutch position Clutch position Driver ability to change gears Throttle, G sensor, Extensive driver analysis through lap Driver analysis RPM overlays, acceleration timing. 27
Reading a Throttle Trace This is where the rear wheels have lost traction Here you can see the driver lifting the throttle to stop the wheel spin Steering Sensors Rotary Sensors. Interlocking geared teeth. Can measure steering wheel rotation. 28
Reading a Steering Trace The steering trace can be visualised by displaying it as a gauge. G Force Sensors Can be used to measure Acceleration, Deceleration, Cornering and Vertical Forces It is important to mount the accelerometer at (as close as possible), or directly below the centre of gravity. 29
Reading a G Force Trace G Force long and lateral alongside braking and throttle Reading Brake Pressure Trace Brake pressures and temps shown both on graph and as gauges for clarity. 30
Driver Analysis Topics Straight Line Acceleration Braking Analysis Understeer/Oversteer Driving Line Driver Consistency Straight Line Acceleration Race Starts, 0-100kmh and 0-400m times use Datum Cursor 31
Straight Line Acceleration Duration of an Upshift use Datum Cursor Wheel Spin Following the wheel speed traces here, you can see wheel spin where the two blue lines rise above the red and orange lines, peaking at 12km/h front to rear speed difference 32
Rate of Change Measurement You can easily measure rate change using the Datum cursor. Below see the acceleration (in KM/h/Sec) of a V8 Supercar at Phillip Island in 5 th gear. You should keep this number in mind when dyno tuning your car next time. Throttle Histogram 33
Braking Analysis Brake pressure reduction Throttle blips from heel and toe braking Brake Pressures Rear brakes locking up Driver releasing pedal to unlock rear wheels 34
Brake Pressure Scatter Plot Front/Rear brake pressures zoom linked to histogram Calculated brake bias channel Of the 25,500 samples, most pressures above 180psi exist between 43% and 55% bias Brake Pressure Scatter Plot 2 Here is a brake pressure scatter plot from a poorly performing brake system 35
Wheel Lockup In this slide, you can see where the rear right wheel speed drops significantly below the speed of the front wheels Understeer Speed Increases Slightly Steering Increases leading to a Smooth Understeer Constant Lateral G- Force Throttle lifting by Driver 36
Oversteer Rear wheel speed here is 6km/h faster than the undriven fronts The throttle is lifted to reduce the wheel spin The steering trace and gauge show the driver winding on opposite lock Driving Line Analysis Accelerating Cornering This method maintains the highest minimum corner speed possible through a corner. Driving the Traction Circle is the fastest way through this corner. Braking 37
Late Apex Line When a corner precedes a long straight, it might be better to NOT drive the Traction Circle. That is no trail braking. A later apex results in a lower minimum corner speed, but allows a faster exit speed. That extra exit speed is carried down the entire length of the straight. Variance Speed Higher minimum speed, but can t get on the throttle as early. 0.05 seconds slower in middle of corner, but 0.15 faster down straight. Net gain = 0.10 seconds TP GPS Race Line Analysis 38
GPS Race Line Analysis Use Time Report Driver Consistency Blue = fastest section times Eclectic is the theoretical best lap time if you add up all of the fastest sections. Fastest Rolling Lap 39
Section and Split Times Corner section times for all laps. All section times for all laps Straight section times for all laps Times from the split beacons from all laps Split times and section markers for selected lap Evaluating Chassis Performance 40
Program Brake Temperatures Linear Potentiometers Suspension Analysis Damper Histogram Tyre Temperatures Brake Temp Sensor Working temperature of your brake Are your ducts cooling efficiently? 41
Brake Temp Analysis From the brake pad manufacturer know the temperature range within the braking system is operating at its peak performance From the data we can see if we are achieving the desired temperatures. Then decide what we need to do with brake ducts Entire race Brake Temp Data 42
Brake Temp Data Single Lap Linear Potentiometers Standard lengths from 50mm to 200mm Standard lengths from 50mm to 200mm Uses include position measurement of suspension, pedals, levers etc. 43
Installation and Calibration The most common installation configuration for linear potentiometers is on the shock absorber Suspension Analysis In this example, the front suspension goes negative under braking. Therefore, for suspension position, bump or compression is negative. This is the easiest convention for people to follow. 44
Talk to the Driver The experience of your driver, the comments that he gives and the way he feels the car will all affect the analysis of the data. Is there a balance problem in just one corner? Or is it in all right handers? Zoom into the corner(s) and look at what the damper position is at each corner of the car with relation to the G trace and other channels Damper Histogram To spend more time in a region, stiffen that region. To spend less time in a region, soften that region. Graph of AMOUNT OF TIME spent at different DAMPER SPEEDS Rebound High Speed Low Speed Bump High Speed A few tips about the damper speed histogram: It can really only be used for a whole lap (the linear potentiometers must be in the same position at the beginning and the end of the damper analysis) Always use the same number of bins Use a Min and Max such that the whole shock speed histogram covers 95% of the measured shock speeds Always use the same numbers for the Max and Min shock speed (for later comparison) The shape of the histogram should be symmetrical The shock speed histogram can also be used to tune the spring and Anti Roll Bar Always use the same scale on the Y axis (for later comparison) 45
Damper Histogram Analysis Example of gain made using damper histogram analysis Damper Histogram with modified damper settings Damper histogram with initial bump/rebound settings Tyre Temp Sensors Ti Tc To IR temp Sensor installation RIGHT TYRE Example of tyre Temp installation 46
Tyre Temps Quick Guide T INSIDE < T CENTRE < T OUTSIDE Not enough camber, or too much toe in. T INSIDE < T CENTRE > T OUTSIDE Tyre pressure too high. T INSIDE < T CENTRE = T OUTSIDE Not enough camber, or tyre pressure too high and too much toe in. T INSIDE > T CENTRE < T OUTSIDE Tyre pressure too low. T INSIDE > T CENTRE > T OUTSIDE Too much camber, or too much toe out. T INSIDE > T CENTRE = T OUTSIDE Too much camber, or tyre pressure too low and too much toe out. T INSIDE = T CENTRE < T OUTSIDE Not enough camber, or tyre pressure too low and too much toe in. T INSIDE = T CENTRE > T OUTSIDE Too much camber, or tyre pressure too high and too much toe out. T INSIDE = T CENTRE = T OUTSIDE OK Tyre Temp Sensors On the right part of the graph, the temperatures are the ones as seen in the pits when the car stops. On the left part of the graph, you get an idea of what is really happening on the track. 47
Tyre Temp Sensors Corner temps Data Maintenance 48
Contents Weekend Checklist Organising Log Files Details Editor Exporting Data Summary Sheet Setup Sheets Weekend Checklist Start of Weekend Update Details Editor Event General comments about meeting or test session. Venue Track name and the directory to which log files will be placed (very important). Vehicle Update any changes since the vehicle last ran, including gear ratios. Check Sensors Use Monitor Active Channels or scrolling through the Warm-up page on the dash to check that all sensor values are appropriate for that sensor and fix any that are wrong. Zero Sensors If required zero G Sensors, Suspension Sensors, Steering, etc. Logging Check that logging templates loaded are appropriate for the day. For instance a template configured for race logging with slower rates and fewer channels than practice logging might be loaded from the previous race. Venue Dependant Variables Load new Reference Laps for Lap Time Gain/Loss change. Beacons and Lap Times Make sure that the Beacon Receiver is on the correct side of the car, or GPS coordinates are correct. Before/After each session Details Editor Update any changes made to the vehicle and enter details about the session (practice, qualifying, race, etc.). At the end of the day Make sure that you collect your Beacon Transmitter. 49
Organising Log Files Organising your logged data into specific folders for events so you can access them quickly Organise by Venue and Year In Dash Manager you can setup the directory that you want all your log files to go when you download the data View / Edit Details File 1 File 2 5 ways to Edit Details: 1) Pull-down menu Tools / Details 2) In the open file window 3) Icon on toolbar 4) Shortcut key Ctrl-D 5) F8, then icon 50
Edit Details Chassis # or Car #, used for the name of the Excel setup sheet. Shows in open window Doesn t show in open window Exporting Data Export to Matlab,.csv file or to the clipboard for use in Excel, etc. For Component export, only the channels shown get exported. For File export, all channels get exported. All data is exported at the same rate. Exporting to.ld file allows you to share your data with another competitor but only the channels you have graphed. 51
Exporting Channel Report Data Creating a Summary Sheet Export the channel reports and paste in Excel. 52
Setup Sheets Excel sheet for importing constants to be used in math equations, which can vary by session. This file can be located anywhere, just make sure you enable macros. Exit Excel once finished making changes. You must enter the date & time of your download. Roll equation uses Track Front & Track Rear You can delete columns which aren t in use. You can create your own columns, names and select units. You can leave blanks where the value doesn t change from session to session. Keyboard Shortcuts See the Help File for See the Help File for a complete list of Keyboard Shortcuts 53
Keyboard Shortcuts Keyboard Shortcuts 2 54
Keyboard Shortcuts 3 Keyboard Shortcuts 4 55