Energy Efficient Architecture and Building Services for the Tropical Climate in Ho-Chi-Minh-City

Energy Efficient Architecture and Building Services for the Tropical Climate in Ho-Chi-Minh-City Dirk Schwede (PhD USyd AUS) Robert-Bosch-Juniorprofessor Nachhaltiges Bauen ILEK Universität Stuttgart Institut für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren FutureMegaCities Abschlußkonferenz in Hamburg 15. Mai 2013 Pfaffenwaldring 14 70569 Stuttgart T +49(0)711 685 67643 http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/ilek dirk.schwede@ilek.uni-stuttgart.de

Ecological Footprint and Biological Capacity Germany, China, Vietnam GERMANY CHINA VIETNAM trend ecological footprint trend trend biological capacity 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 2 source: The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010, Global Footprint Network

Ecological Footprint and Biological Capacity Germany, China, Vietnam ecological footprint Trend CHINA VIETNAM trend biological capacity trend 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 3 Quelle: The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010, Global Footprint Network

Ecological Footprint and Development population numbers Datenquelle: The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010, Global Footprint Network; The Ecological Wealth of Nations, 2010, The Global Footprint Network 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 4 high development in ecological contraints

urbanization - Vietnam urban 15.5.2013 suburb FutureMegaCities - Ho Chi Minh - City Hamburg Seite 5

urbanization - Vietnam Germany 83 mil. people 89% urban +0.17% per year rural population is decreasing Vietnam 86 mil. people 29% urban +0.51% per year urban suburb - Ho Chi Minh City 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 6

The social dimension of climate change: New urban middle classes as target group for sustainable urban development Dr. Michael Waibel www.michael-waibel.de Development of income of the urban middle class in Vietnam (HN, HCMC, HP, DN, CT) 2008 37 55 9 2006 21 55 24 2003 14 36 50 2001 12 32 56 1999 7 31 62 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Income class AB Income class CD Income class EF (A=US$1,000+; B=US$1,000-501) C =US$500-351; D=US$350-251 E=US$250-151; F=US$150 below Source: TNS 2009; VietCycle Population 15-45 yrs., n=1000 the new urban middle class is rapidly increasing

building energydemand in Asia and Europe today s building standard High-Carbon future building standard Net-PlusEnergy Germany reduction of the energy demand today s building standard Low-Carbon future building standard (under construction today) Extreme-Carbon Asia increase of the building standard 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 8

The social dimension of climate change: New urban middle classes as target group for sustainable urban development Dr. Michael Waibel www.michael-waibel.de building type in relation to ownership computers A/C Small Alley House n=103 Shophouse Apartment / Condominium n=203 n=51 Detached Villa n=52 All n=409 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Yes No Source: Waibel/TNS 2009 not all buildings use mechanical cooling

The social dimension of climate change: New urban middle classes as target group for sustainable urban development Dr. Michael Waibel www.michael-waibel.de operation of cooling in the rooms bed room n=248 living room n=83 kitchen n=14 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Less than 2 hours 2-4 hours 4-6 hours 6-8 hours 10-12 hours > 12 hours Source: Waibel/TNS 2009 occupants use cooling to the demand

The social dimension of climate change: New urban middle classes as target group for sustainable urban development Dr. Michael Waibel www.michael-waibel.de How do you reach comfort in your home multiple answers, absolute numbers natural ventilation opening of windows and doors 181 mechanical cooling 129 air draft by fans 113 change of location in the house 60 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Source: Waibel/TNS 2009 Comfort seaking behavior does not only rely on A/C

adaptive opportunities air movement clothing activity 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 12

cooling load profile in HCMC climate 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 13

natural ventilation and mechanical cooling 1. free air path to allow natural ventilation 2. operable windows 3. air draft induced by fans 4. closed zones with mechanical cooling 5. separate air path in zones with loads 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 19

design for mechanical conditioning mechanical conditioning and natural ventilation concepts (a) traditional ventilation and conditioning concept (b) mechanical ventilation and conditioning concept (c) retrofit of mechanical conditioning in traditional concepts (d) hybrid building concept 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 20

energy demand of energy-saving appliances 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 21

Handbook for Green Housing Megacity Research Projekt TP. Ho Chi Minh Integrative Urban and Environmental Planning Framework Adaptation to Climate Change Research for Sustainable Development of the Megacities of Tomorrow Energy- and Climateefficient structures and urban growth centres In colaboration with: Dr. Michael Waibel, Sozialgeograph, Universität Hamburg Christoph Hesse, Architekt, TU Darmstadt Dr. Dirk Schwede, energydesign (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. Universität Cottbus Universität Kassel local partners: 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 22

carbon reduction by simple measures 1ha urban quarter, 150 typical tube houses baseline 344 toco 2 /a current power consumption efficient airconditioning -50 toco 2 /a 21.300 liter gasoline efficient lighting -29 toco 2 /a 12.400 liter gasoline 10m 2 PV-System -117 toco 2 /a 49.800 liter gasoline solar water heater -73 toco 2 /a 31.300 liter gasoline 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 23

localized certification schemes for sustainable building 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 24

LOTUS Vietnam for non-residential buildings Vietnam Green Building Council (VGBC) Energy Passive Design Total Building Energy Use Building Envelope Natural Ventilation HVAC Artificial Lighting Hot Water Energy Monitoring Renewable Energy Water Water Efficient Fixtures Water Recycling / Reuse Rainwater Harvesting Water Efficient Landscaping Water Monitoring Materials Material Reuse Materials with Recycled Content Rapidly Renewable Materials Timber Non-baked Materials Ecology Environment Topsoil Preservation Biodiversity Site Selection Vegetation Green Roof Waste & Pollution Sewer Discharge Reduction A/C System Refrigerants Demolition and Construction Waste Dedicated Recycling Storage Area Light Pollution Minimasation Health & Comfort Indoor Smoking Indoor Air Quality CO 2 Monitoring Hazardous Materials Daylighting Visual Comfort External Views Individual Termal Control Thermal Comfort Adaptation & Mitigation Flood Resistance Strom Water Runoff Disaster Resilience Heat Island Effect Collective Transport Bicyle Friendly Local Materials Community Public Consultation Heritage Conservation Community Connectivity Public Space Local Jobs Access for People with Disabilities Management Design Stage Construction Stage Commissioning (Cx) Maintenance Green Management Innovation Exceptional Performance Enhancement Innovative Techniques/Initiatives 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 25

conclusion the change towards a more energy-intensive life-style and living standard will outbalance all efforts to reduce CO 2 emissions in Vietnam a new (and old) understanding of how to use buildings is needed modern concepts (adapted from the traditional ways) need to be found renewable energy and low carbon energy supply is needed redirection of life-style changes and consumption behaviour 15.5.2013 FutureMegaCities - Hamburg Seite 26

Vielen Dank! thank you! Dirk Schwede (PhD USyd AUS) Robert-Bosch-Juniorprofessor Nachhaltiges Bauen ILEK Universität Stuttgart Institut für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren FutureMegaCities Abschlußkonferenz in Hamburg 15. Mai 2013 Pfaffenwaldring 14 70569 Stuttgart T +49(0)711 685 67643 http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/ilek dirk.schwede@ilek.uni-stuttgart.de