Developments in 900 MHz wireless connectivity systems Guido Dolmans Holst Centre / Imec-NL
3 HOLST CENTRE PROJECTS SUB-GHZ NUTSHELL 900 MHz UHF RFID European project Pasteur for sensor-enhanced RFID for food-quality monitoring 900 MHz IEEE802.15.4g-SUN IEEE802.15.4k-LECIM 15.4g: Wireless communication standard for smart utility networks (SUN) 15.4k: Draft standard for critical infrastructure (LECIM) Wireless sensor networks Smart homes and buildings 900 MHz RF HARVESTING Wireless long-distance power transfer
Market relevance $35 billion in annual global waste from perishable goods (food, medicine, ) PASTEUR 56% of all shrink in the US comes from the perishables department² Total value of temperature related perishable shrink per supermarket is $79,808 Across a 500 store chain $40 million Kick-Off Meeting PASTEUR Haasrode 16 & 17 September 2009 page 5
RFID adoption in the logistic cool chain PASTEUR Present 2010-2015 >> 2015 Bulk-management Multi-item management Item management > 1 $ Price per tag < 5 c$ # of items to be tagged Kick-Off Meeting PASTEUR Haasrode 16 & 17 September 2009 page 6
Price evolution of RFID-tags PASTEUR Kick-Off Meeting PASTEUR Haasrode 16 & 17 September 2009 page 7
Project Aim The aim of the PASTEUR project is PASTEUR to develop a wireless sensor platform to monitor environmental conditions of perishable goods in the supply chain Kick-Off Meeting PASTEUR Haasrode 16 & 17 September 2009 page 8
PASTEUR UHF SENSOR RFID TAG
UHF RFID GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
UHF RFID PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS Spectrum Analyzer Interference Generator Tag Under Test Interfac e with Reader Reader Error-free tag read-out up to 2 meter distance
UHF RFID MEASUREMENTS WOODEN FENCE Reader Transceive r d1 d2 RFID TAG Transceive r Wooden Fence 4000 Iterations carried for each measurement Little decrease in the range 1.7m range Reader Distance d1 (cm) Tag Distance d2 (cm) Pmiss 76 22 0 76 44 0 76 60 0 76 96 0.187 76 110 1 108 22 0
TECHNOLOGY CHAIN & PARTNERS INVOLVED Application Solutions Systems (Tags, Readers, Software) Components (Thin Film Batteries, ICs, Antenna substrates, ) Tools and Materials (Zn powder, polymer foils, molding compounds, sensing materials, silicon wafers, lithography tools,.)
3 HOLST CENTRE PROJECTS SUB-GHZ NUTSHELL 900 MHz UHF RFID European project Pasteur for sensor-enhanced RFID for food-quality monitoring 900 MHz IEEE802.15.4g-SUN IEEE802.15.4k-LECIM 15.4g: Wireless communication standard for smart utility networks (SUN) 15.4k: Draft standard for critical infrastructure (LECIM) Wireless sensor networks Smart homes and buildings 900 MHz RF HARVESTING Wireless long-distance power transfer
SMART RADIO @ 900MHZ ULP RADIO FOR SMART HOMES / BUILDINGS / UTILITIES Specifications Worldwide compliance: 820-960 MHz Multi-standard - IEEE 802.15.4: ZigBee PRO/Green Power/IP - IEEE 802.15.4g: smart utility networks - IEEE 802.15.4k: critical infrastructure management - Other: Wireless M-BUS, Konnex, 6LowPAN Best-in-class power consumption: TX: 3-50mW (depending on output power), RX: 4 mw (target) Long range: Sensitivity > -110 dbm, output power > 13 dbm Applications
Standard 802.15.4g 802.15.4k 802.15.4 (GFSK) Channel spacing (khz) kbps 50/200 BW (khz) Adjacent ch. reject Alternate ch. reject SMART RADIO @ 900MHZ ULP RADIO FOR SMART HOMES / BUILDINGS / UTILITIES wmbus (R2) 200/600 400 100 200 400 60 75/300 100/150/ 200 150/225/ 300 Most standards are very similar 12.5/25 62.5/50 12.5/25/ 37.5 62.5/50/ 56.25 10 db 25 db 0 db 30 db 35 db 24 db Wireless MBUS has very different requirements Imec IC now in Fab 100 4.8 150 16.8 40 db (high perf) 40 db (high perf)
BENCHMARK WITH COMMERCIAL SUB-GHZ ICS Product Data rate minmax (kbps) TI Atmel INFINEON ADI Silicon Labs imec CC1101 AT86RF212 TDA5340 ADF7023 Si4455 Target 0.6-600 20-1000 0.5-50 1-300 0.5-500 1-400 Modulation 2,4-FSK / GSFK / MSK / ASK BPSK / O- QPSK GFSK / ASK (G)FSK / (G)MSK / OOK (G)FSK / OOK (G)FSK / (G)MSK / OOK VDD (V) 3.6 3 3 3 3.3 1.5 PDC (mw) 122.4 75 67.5 96.3 99 50 TX Ptx (dbm) 12 10 13 13.5 13 13 Tx efficiency 13% 13% 30% 23% 20% 40% PDC (mw) 61.2 27.6 36 38.4 33 4 RX Psens (dbm @ kbps) -116 @ 0.6-97 @ 50-110 @ 20-106 @ 50-120 @ 0.5-100 @ 50-116 @ 1-106.5 @ 50-116 @ 2.4-108 @ 40-120 @ 1-103 @ 50
3 HOLST CENTRE PROJECTS SUB-GHZ NUTSHELL 900 MHz UHF RFID European project Pasteur for sensor-enhanced RFID for food-quality monitoring 900 MHz IEEE802.15.4g-SUN IEEE802.15.4k-LECIM 15.4g: Wireless communication standard for smartutility (SUN) 15.4k: Draft standard for critical infrastructure (LECIM) Wireless sensor networks Smart homes and buildings 900 MHz RF HARVESTING Wireless long-distance power transfer
900 MHZ RF POWER HARVESTING Our focus: intentional Applications: - Powering up / reading embedded sensors (concrete, implant, buildings) - Multi device charging at once
900MHZ RF ENERGY HARVESTING PROJECT AT HOLST CENTRE
UPCOMING TECHNOLOGY: 900 MHZ ULP WIFI FOR SENSORS- IEEE 802.11AH
IEEE802.11 b Gen 2 11 Mbps THE IEEE802.11FAMILY: A STORY OF SUCCESS IEEE802.11a/g Gen 3 54 Mbps IEEE802.11n Gen 4 600 Mbps Race of higher data rate, in wider BW, at higher carrier frequency Peer-to-peer SubGHz WiFi Wifi WMM (power save) Wifi Direct IEEE802.11 ac Gen 5 1.3 Gbps Wifi Miracast IEEE802.11 af TV White Space IEEE802.11 ad up to 7 Gbps (2.4, 5, 60 GHz) IEEE802.11 ah Sub-GHz sensors Next generation high-speed 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 TP WIRELESS SYSTEMS TECHNICAL ANNEX DRAFT CONFIDENTIAL 23
EVOLUTION OF WI-FI FOR THE COMING YEARS Source: Qualcomm the Wi-Fi Evolution Nov 2013 Nov 2015 Jan 2016 Mar 2016 WG Letter Ballots IEEE-SA Sponsor Ballots Final 802.11 WG Approval Standards Board Final or continuous Process Approval
IEEE802.11AH FOR IOT Target applications: Targets sensor networks as part of IoT: - M2M, smart grid, smart homes, smart cities Long range Medium to high data rate (~1Mbps) Defined for low power Operating in regional Sub-GHz bands Low complexity WiFi - Mandatory mode: BPSK, QPSK with 1, 2MHz bandwidth Strong consortium & trademark Expected to be ratified around May 2015 Compatible with WiFi Expected release of standard Early 2016