PROCESS INNOVATION ORGANIZATIONAL EVOLUTION IN MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCE OF INFORMATIONIZATION BASED ON LOTKA-VOLTERRA MODEL 1, 2 KEXIN BI, 1 DI FENG, 1 QUANZHEN BAO 1 School of Economcs & Management, Harbn Engneerng Unversty, Harbn 150001, Helongjang, Chna 2 School of Management, Harbn Unversty of Scence and Technology, Harbn 150080, Helongjang, Chna ABSTRACT In order to conform to the requrements of the development of nformaton era, the nfluence of nformatonzaton on nnovaton organzaton n manufacturng enterprses has gradually become the focus of the study. Based on the theory of nnovaton organzaton and organzatonal routne, ths artcle summarzes process nnovaton organzatonal characterstc n manufacturng enterprses under the condton of nformatonzaton, and proposes process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton mechansm n manufacturng enterprses under the condton of nformatonzaton, and constructs the Lotaka-Volterrra model of process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton n manufacturng enterprses under the crcumstance of nformatonzaton, then uses Matlab software to smulate the nfluence of dfferent parameters. Ths artcle wll contrbute to process nnovaton organzatonal transformaton and evoluton n manufacturng enterprses under the condton of nformatonzaton. Keywords: Informatonzaton, Manufacturng Enterprse, Process Innovaton Organzaton, Organzatonal Evoluton, Lotka-Volterra Model 1. INTRODUCTION Process nnovaton organzaton s the system composed of human and materal resources whch manages process nnovaton nformaton[1]. The development of nformatonzaton has brought great changes for the survval and development envronment of process nnovaton organzaton[2]. Under the crcumstance of nformatonzaton, the development and utlzaton of nformaton resources and nformaton technology s helpful for process nnovaton organzaton to dentfy crtcal resources and develop dynamc capablty, and promote process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton. Concernng study on the connotaton of process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton, One perspectve s based on Darwn's natural selecton research, whch consders that the changes of external envronment whch brought by nformatonzaton promote process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton, and complcated hypercompettve brought by the rapd development of nformaton technology and the network economy puts forward severe challenges to process nnovaton organzaton, makng tradtonal functonal organzaton reform nto flow-orented process organzaton and vrtual process nnovaton allance[3, 4], another perspectve s based on Lamarck's use t or lose t research, process nnovaton organzaton transforms actvely n order to adapt to external envronment whch brought by nformatonzaton. Through the use of the new leadershp and mode of resource confguraton, process nnovaton organzaton restructures department and organzatonal strategy and so on, n order to acheve sgnfcant mprovements on producton process or product delvery process and adapt to the requrements of the development of nformatonzaton era[5]. For the research on content of process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton, Wang Ferong, etc. hold that the development of technology nnovaton organzaton under the envronment of network manly dsplays n organzatonal boundary fuzzfcaton, organzatonal structure flattenng, and organzatonal process vrtualzaton[6]. Kuntz, 953
etc. explans sense, nterpretaton, preparaton and actvtes of process nnovaton organzatonal change n the applcaton of nformaton technology from ndvdual, group and organzaton three aspects[7]. In further studes, process nnovaton organzatonal form n dfferent evoluton stages s studed. Rchard puts forward that wth the extensve applcaton of nformaton technology, process nnovaton organzaton evolves from tradtonal functonal, busness type, matrx organzaton to process model and vrtual network organzaton[8]. O Relly consders that organc organzaton should be used n the stage of exploratory process nnovaton, and mechancal organzaton should be used n the stage of explotatve process nnovaton, bnary process nnovaton organzaton s presented so as to adapt to the change brought by network envronment [9]. For the research on course of process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton, Hodgson consders that the essence of process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton s varaton selecton retenton, globalzaton and nformatonzaton n manufacturng enterprses requre process nnovaton organzaton realze the process of evoluton rapdly[10]. Grener dvdes the process of evoluton nto fve phases: creatvty, drecton, delegaton, coordnaton and collaboraton, and each evolutonary perod s characterzed by the domnant management problem that must be solved before growth can contnue[11]. Rchard supports that the wdespread use of nformaton technology and network technology, whch are elements of successful transformaton, mprove success rates of process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton[8]. Feldman, etc. and Zhanjun Gao, etc. put forward that as genes of organzatonal evoluton, organzatonal routne evolutes through many stages of organzatonal learnng regresson cycle, whch s affected synthetcally by n ntra- and nter-organzatonal stmulaton and nnovatve nformaton based on the exstng organzatonal routne [12, 13]. Although the scholars at home and abroad use a varety of theory to search technology nnovaton organzaton, organzatonal evoluton and organzatonal change under the condton of nformatonzaton from perspectves of the evolutonary economcs, management scence, socology theory, research on technology nnovaton organzaton under the condton of nformaton s stll n the prmary stage. Study on organzatonal evoluton law under the condton of nformaton and how nformatonzaton mpact process nnovaton organzatonal development are stll n blank feld. Ths study conforms to the requrements of the development of nformatonzaton era, whch wll contrbute to process nnovaton organzatonal transformaton and upgrade. 2. PROCESS INNOVATION ORGANIZATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION MECHANISM UNDER THE CONDITION OF INFORMATIONIZATION 2.1 Process Innovaton Organzatonal Characterstcs under the Condton of Informatonzaton Adaptve process nnovaton organzaton under the condton of nformatonzaton helps managers make decson on process nnovaton strategy, so as to mprove process nnovaton performance and the core compettve advantage, etc. Specfc characterstcs varable of process nnovaton organzatonal desgn s the prmary premse of process nnovaton organzatonal formaton. Consequently, based on the concluson of Daft and Mazzarol, ths paper analyzes process nnovaton organzatonal characterstcs under the condton of nformaton from strategy, structure, process and culture four dmensons[8, 14]. 2.1.1 Strategc characterstcs of process nnovaton organzaton under the condton of nformatonzaton Process nnovaton organzatonal strategy s process nnovaton resource allocaton and behavor plan made by organzaton n order to adapt to the envronment change and acheve organzatonal goals, whch determnes object and compettve sklls of process nnovaton organzaton that dffers from tradtonal organzaton[8]. Wth the development of nformatonzaton n manufacturng enterprses, process nnovaton organzaton faces ncreasngly complcated envronment that dversfcaton and ndvduaton of market demand shortens the cycle of process development and mproves the rsk of process nnovaton[15]. Therefore, process nnovaton organzaton under the condton of nformatonzaton needs adjustng the competton strategy and makng full use of crtcal resource advantages and gradually abandonng the tradtonal compettve strategy. Process nnovaton organzaton shfts from compettve strategy to cooperatng strategy through cooperate wth other organzaton nnovaton actvely. 954
2.1.2 Structure characterstcs of process nnovaton organzaton under the condton of nformatonzaton Process nnovaton organzatonal structure means the structure system formed n the scope of dutes, responsbltes and rghts that the members develop cooperaton n the course of process nnovaton n order to acheve the goals of process nnovaton, n the technology nnovaton process dvson of labor cooperaton, n the subject area, responsblty and rghts by the formaton of the structure system. The rapd development of nformaton and communcaton technology has brought ncreasngly ferce market competton. The tradtonal organzatonal structure bears overweght herarchy chan load, and top management seldom responds to problem or opportunty. Therefore, process nnovaton organzaton under the condton of nformatonzaton needs flat organzatonal structure, through the decrease of herarchy between the leadershp and staff management and the ncrease of transmsson speed of nformaton resources between the superor and the subordnate managers, realzng process nnovaton organzaton shfts from vertcal organzatonal structure to horzontal organzatonal structure 2.1.3 Process characterstcs of process nnovaton organzaton under the condton of nformatonzaton Process nnovaton organzaton process means a seres of process nnovaton lnk or step that completes a task, event or actvty of process nnovaton. The development of nformatonzaton n manufacturng enterprse makes nformaton network cover the departments and poston, whch contrbutes to thoroughly redesgn or mprove nnovaton busness process and realze busness process reengneerng of process nnovaton and mprove nformaton transfer speed and busness process effcency [1, 16].Consequently, process nnovaton organzaton requres busness process desgnng orented by task, and smplfes workload of each secton n process nnovaton busness process, and gradually elmnates tradtonal busness process orented by functon, realzng process nnovaton organzaton shfts from functon-orented to task-orented. 2.1.4 Culture characterstcs of process nnovaton organzaton under the condton of nformatonzaton Process nnovaton organzaton culture s crucal component of process nnovaton compettve advantage, whose mportance les n the fact that t can affect nnovaton behavor of research staff and functon of process nnovaton organzaton wthout drect and mposed control[5, 17]. Wth the extensve applcaton of nformaton technology, tradtonal stff process nnovaton organzaton culture cultvated n the stable envronment n the past already can't adapt to the rapd change of the market demand brought about by nformatonzaton. Therefore, process nnovaton organzaton managers conduct organzatonal culture change on purpose, realzng process nnovaton organzatonal culture shfts from stff to adaptve n order to meet the new requrement and mplement process nnovaton strategy. 2.2 Process Innovaton Organzatonal Evoluton Mechansm n Manufacturng Enterprses under the Condton of Informatonzaton Organzaton s a complex system. Organzatonal strategy, structure, process and culture are the most mportant and related four varables, and any varable change wll cause other varables change[8, 18]. Through the analyss of process nnovaton organzaton characterstcs under the condton of nformatonzaton, t s consder that process nnovaton organzaton s evolutonary system whch contans cooperatve strategy, horzontal structure, task-orented process and adaptve culture. These four elements synergy wth each other under the nfluence of external envronment, whch makes the nternal system produce a smlar gene wth transmssblty process nnovaton organzatonal routne[19, 20]. Meanwhle, process nnovaton organzatonal routne wll be embedded n a varety of organzatonal phenomenon after formaton, whch covers the organzatonal structure, rules, procedures, strategc, culture and many other aspects. On that bass, process nnovaton organzaton s constructed and operates[21]. As shown n Fgure 1. Fgure 1: Process Innovaton Organzaton System Composton Structure 955
From perspectve of evolutonary economcs, process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton s nteracton between herarchy enttes determned by organzatonal routnes actually under the condton of lmted resources, whch s change process from tradtonal organzatonal routnes to process nnovaton organzatonal routnes. There are two man ways n the change of organzatonal routne search and create. Search means process nnovaton organzaton looks for sutable for ther needs and matches wth organzatonal exstng knowledge structure from the exstng technology and routnes, whch are absorbed and ntegrated and become part of the organzatonal routnes. Create means process nnovaton organzaton explores new technology and routnes through research and development. Search and create can be acheved by organzatonal learnng and nnovaton. After comparson and selecton n organzaton, process nnovaton organzatonal routnes are eventually adopted. Under the condton of nformatonzaton, the development and utlzaton of nformaton resources and nformaton technology not only contrbutes to search and creaton of process nnovaton organzaton routnes, but also contrbutes to process nnovaton organzaton routnes domnate on organzatonal strategy, structure, process and culture. Consequently, under the condton of nformatonzaton, wth the evolvement of organzatonal routnes, process nnovaton organzaton transforms from cooperatng strategy, vertcal organzatonal structure, functon-orented process, and stff culture to compettve strategy, horzontal organzatonal structure, task-orented process and adaptve culture. As shown n Fgure 2. Informatonzaton n manufacturng enterprses Organzatonal Routnes Synergy Enslave Search Create Organzatonal Dmensons Compettve Strategy Vertcal Structure Functonally-orented Process Stff Culture Organzatonal Learnng Organzatonal Innovaton Transton Select Process Innovaton Organzatonal routnes Synergy Enslave Process Innovaton Organzatonal Dmensons Cooperatve Strategy Horzontal Structure Task-orented Process Feed Adaptve culture Back Select Fgure 2: Formaton Mechansm Of Process Innovaton Under The Condton Of Informatonzaton 3. THE LOTAKA-VOLTERRRA MODEL OF PROCESS INNOVATION ORGANIATIONAL EVOLUTION IN MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCE OF INFORMATIONIZATION 3.1 Basc Hypotheses Model Specfcaton Hypothess 1 the evoluton of process nnovaton organzaton s affected by tself, the potental alternatve organzatons and exstng complementary organzatons. Gven the tme and space, the evoluton s affected by process nnovaton organzaton routnes. Hypothess 2 the evoluton of process nnovaton organzaton under the crcumstance of nformatonzaton s not only affected by the nformaton resource utlzaton and the nformaton technology applcaton, but also by the alternatve and complementary effects. Affected by the alternatve effect, the process nnovaton organzaton would devate from the orgnal evoluton path and nterfered by the new process nnovaton; affected by the complementary effect, there would be an addtve effect between the process nnovaton organzaton and ts complementary organzaton, whch can promote the evoluton speed an ampltude of the process nnovaton organzaton. Hypothess 3 the state varables of the process nnovaton organzaton evoluton can be represented by the ftness of process nnovaton organzaton, and evaluated by the aspects such as the organzaton strategy (Ost), organzatonal structure (Os), organzaton process(op) and organzatonal culture(oc), the ftness of process nnovaton organzaton changes wth tme. 3.2 Model Specfcaton Process nnovaton organzaton s an nformaton processng system, whch consst of human and materal factors[1]. Assumed that process nnovaton organzaton evoluton under the crcumstance of nformatonzaton conforms to the basc prncple of Logstc, the evoluton path can use sgmod growth curve of self-organzaton n ecologcal system to descrbe[22]. To smplfy the analyss, we set a state varable F, whch represents the process nnovaton organzaton ftness durng the evoluton of process nnovaton organzaton under the crcumstance of nformatonzaton. Consequently, the varable F represents the degree that process nnovaton organzaton adapts to the surroundngs, and changes wth the strategy, structure, process and 956
cultural of organzaton. The process nnovaton organzaton ftness functon s F=F(Ost(r), Os(r), Op(r), Oc(r)), r(t) represents process nnovaton organzaton routne, and F (t) s a functon of tme. df dt ndcates the relatve Based on ths functon, development velocty of the process nnovaton organzaton evoluton. Then, based on the prncple of logstc, we could construct a model to descrbe the evoluton of process nnovaton organzaton as followng. df = β dt n M α F F j j j= 1 rf ( ) M F (1) In ths model, represents the ftness of process nnovaton organzaton ; β represents the coeffcent of nformaton resource development and nformaton technology applcaton nfluence on the ftness of process nnovaton organzaton; γ represents natural growth rate of process nnovaton organzaton; M represents maxmum ftness of process nnovaton organzaton under the exstng crcumstance of nformatonzaton; α represents competton (synergstc) coeffcent among the process nnovaton organzatons; F α j = represents Fj competton (synergstc) effect between process nnovaton organzaton and j, we can judge the relaton between process nnovaton organzaton and j s competton or coordnaton by the sgn of α. As a matter of convenence, we only consder the evoluton between two process nnovaton organzatons (A and B) under the crcumstance of nformatonzaton, and the equaton set of evoluton as follows: df1 M1 α12f2 F1 = βγ 1 1F1( ) dt M (2) 1 df2 M 2 α21f1 F2 = βγ 2 2F2( ) dt M 2 Accordng to the analyss above, we use Matlab7.1 software to smulate equaton (2), and apply software to descrbe process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton path curve wth dfferent parameters. Frst of all, n order to nvestgate the nfluence of dfferent level of nformatonzaton on process nnovaton organzatonal ftness, suppose the maxmum ftness of process nnovaton organzaton s 100, as the coeffcent of nformaton resources development and nformaton technology applcaton affect on the ftness of nnovaton organzaton changes, we can draw the ftness curve of process nnovaton organzaton applyng Matlab7.1. As the dagram 3 shows: as the tme changes, wth larger coeffcent of nformaton resources development and nformaton technology applcaton affect on the ftness of nnovaton organzaton, the tme for the ftness of nnovaton organzaton to reach maxmum s shorter, and the velocty of the process nnovaton organzaton s faster. Assume that the exstng process nnovaton organzaton form s A, and the potental alternatve process nnovaton organzaton form s B, whle the level of nformaton resources development and nformaton technology applcaton s low, the organzaton prefer effcency to flexble[23], therefore process nnovaton organzaton A (such as functonal process nnovaton organzaton ) s more compettve than process nnovaton organzaton B (such as process-orental process nnovaton organzaton ), applyng Matlab7.1, we can draw the ftness curve of process nnovaton organzaton changes wth the competton coeffcent, as shown n Fgure 4. As can be seen from Fgure 4, wth the mprovement of development and utlzaton of nformaton resources and nformaton technology, competton coeffcent of process nnovaton organzaton B contnually grows from ntal lower than A to hgher than A. Whle, ftness curve of process nnovaton organzaton A declnes from hgher than B to lower than B. Therefore, wth the mprovement of development and utlzaton of nformaton resources and nformaton technology, process nnovaton organzaton A (such as functonal process nnovaton organzaton) has been gradually replaced by process nnovaton organzaton B (such as process-orental process nnovaton organzaton). 957
Fgure 3: The Influence Of The Level Of Informatonzaton On Process Innovaton Organzatonal Evoluton Fgure 4: The Influence Of Competton Coeffcent On Process Innovaton Organzatonal Evoluton Assume that the exstng process nnovaton organzaton form s B, and the complementary process nnovaton organzaton form s C, applyng Matlab7.1, we can draw the ftness curve of process nnovaton organzaton changes wth the synergy coeffcent, as shown n Fgure 5. As can be seen from Fgure 5, the mprovement of development and utlzaton of nformaton resources and nformaton technology promotes the exchange of market nformaton and techncal knowledge, and mproves synergy coeffcent between process nnovaton organzatons. In the process of organzatonal evoluton, process nnovaton organzaton B and process nnovaton organzaton C have mutual nfluence wth each other and play the role of catalyst. Eventually the ftness of process nnovaton organzaton B and process nnovaton organzaton C have been remarkably mproved. 958
the larger nfluence coeffcent of nformaton resources development and nformaton technology applcaton on the ftness of nnovaton organzaton s, the shorter that tme of ftness of nnovaton organzaton up to maxmum s, and the faster the velocty of process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton s. (2) Wth the mprovement of development and utlzaton of nformaton resources and nformaton technology, tradtonal process nnovaton organzaton has been gradually replaced by advanced process nnovaton organzaton. (3) The mprovement of development and utlzaton of nformaton resources and nformaton technology promotes the exchange of market nformaton and techncal knowledge, and mproves synergy coeffcent between process nnovaton organzatons. In the process of organzatonal evoluton, process nnovaton organzaton partes have mutual nfluence wth each other and play the role of catalyst. Eventually the ftness of process nnovaton organzaton partes has been remarkably mproved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Fgure 5: The Influence Of Synergy Coeffcent On Process Innovaton Organzatonal Evoluton 4. CONCLUSION Applyng the theory of organzaton and organzatonal routnes, ths artcle has summarzed organzatonal characterstcs n manufacturng enterprses under the condton of nformatonzaton, whch are cooperatve strategy, horzontal structure, task-orented process and adaptve culture. Then ths artcle has put forward that evoluton mechansm of process nnovaton organzaton s transformaton process from tradtonal organzatonal routnes to process nnovaton organzatonal routnes through searchng and creaton, and has constructed the Lotaka-Volterrra model of process nnovaton organzatonal evoluton n manufacturng enterprses under the crcumstance of nformatonzaton, and has used matlab software to smulate the nfluence of dfferent parameters. Conclusons are as follows: (1) As tme goes on, Ths work was supported by Natonal Scence Foundaton of Chna (71273073, 71073041 and 70873024), Natural Scence Foundaton for the Youth (71202037), Natonal Mnstry of Educaton Doctoral Fund (200802171067), Natonal Soft Scence Research Program (2012GXS4D080), Helongjang Provncal Educaton Department Humantes and Socal Scences project (11544054), Helongjang Provnce Natural Scence Foundaton (G201210), and Helongjang Provnce phlosophy socal scence research project (11E111). REFERENCES: [1] Kexn B, Nuan Wen, Png Huang. Study on the process-based organzaton structure of process nnovaton organzaton of manufacturng enterprses base on the nformatonzaton condton, Studes n Scence of Scence, Vol. 30, No. 3, 2012, pp.474-480. [2] Kexn B, D Feng. Power source of process nnovaton organzaton evoluton n manufacturng enterprses: the mpact of nformatonzaton, Internatonal Revew on Computers and Software, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2012, pp. 1728-1736. [3] Jngjang Lu. The system behavor and ts complexty of organzatonal nnovaton n the nformaton technology-based envronment, 959
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