SUPPLY OF ICT PROFESSIONALS AND GAP ANALYSIS

SUPPLY OF ICT PROFESSIONALS AND GAP ANALYSIS by Arunen VALAYDON Ag Head, Research & Planning, TEC

Structure of Presentation 1. Overview of tertiary education 2. Place occupied by IT in the current tertiary education landscape 3. HRP at the level of TEC LIPFS GRADUATE TRACER STUDY

OVERVIEW OF TERTIARY EDUCATION MAURITIUS Publicly-Funded Institutions (11) ( 2 universities: University of Mauritius & University of Technology, Mauritius) (Enrolment : 19,867 students) (Around 380 programmes) (staff of around 2200) Private Institutions (50) (Enrolment: 10,400 students) (Around 270 programmes) (Staff of 795) Overseas (Enrolment: 12,000 students: Australia- 3,925; UK- 2910; France 2,010; India- 1050) Tertiary Education Commission-April 2010

Number Evolution of Enrolment in Tertiary Education, 2000-2009 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 20,140 (17.7%) 25,685 (23.1%) 26,074 (24.2%) 28,864 (28.4%) 33,230 (34.1%) 35,023 (37.3%) 38,623 (41.4%) 42,267 (45%) 19,867 21,913 (19.2%) 15,880 17,372 15,464 16,735 13,397 (15.1%) 12,710 11,021 11,713 11,248 12,000 9,880 9,293 9,612 8,110 9,057 7,515 6,100 7,242 7,507 9,531 10,003 10,400 8,473 6,846 7,357 5,255 4,791 5,468 2,423 3,019 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009* Year Publicly Funded Institutions Private / DE Overseas Total Enrolment NB: Figures between brackets shows GTER

Evolution of Enrolment: Some Observations Significant and sustained increase in enrolment at tertiary level over the last 10 years (Avg growth of 10.8% p.a) Gross Tertiary Enrolment Rate has increased from 15% in 2000 to 45% (est.)in 2009 (2005: 28%)

Enrolment Trend by Fields of Study, 2005-2009 Fields of Study 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (Est) Research 185 196 216 219 217 Research (MPhil/PhD) 185 196 204 207 205 MRes - - 12 12 12 Science & Technology Related 9577 10947 11,172 11,598 12,240 Agriculture 253 293 351 338 350 Architecture 125 148 103 134 140 Dentistry 197 252 301 331 360 Engineering 1430 1776 2120 2,780 3,025 Health Sciences 262 370 535 622 640 Information Technology 4134 3971 3700 3,448 3,495 Mathematics 377 387 436 441 475 Medicine 1432 1773 1834 1,940 2,050 Pharmacy 144 183 165 174 185 Science 1098 1368 1264 1,119 1,180 Cont.

Fields of Study 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Others 19,102 22,087 23,635 26,806 29,789 Accounting 3154 3655 4353 5,139 5,780 Administration/Management 3786 4576 4684 5,168 5,650 Arts 607 619 535 553 580 Banking / Finance 504 663 814 981 1,210 Business / Commerce / Marketing 1744 1901 2265 3,096 3,350 Communication 340 498 427 451 490 Design &Fashion 176 - - - - Counselling - - - 62 93 Economics 635 688 732 763 810 Education 3108 4126 4187 4,530 5,165 Fisheries Study - - - 17 15 Humanities 389 796 566 542 570 Languages 1412 1335 1389 1,292 1,360 Law 793 1016 1067 1,195 1,300 Library 69 - - - - Police Studies 212 153 91 6 6 Psychology - - 24 35 107 Social Science 523 462 691 918 950 Transport 61 - - - 0 Travel / Hotel / Tourism 930 1308 1268 1,443 1,631 Religious Studies 29-115 67 70 Others 630 291 427 548 671 Grand Total 28,864 33,230 35,023 38,623 42,267

Number Trend in Total Enrolment and ICT Enrolment in Tertiary Education,2000-2009 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2,314 20,154 16,759 3,569 4,086 25,685 21,949 4,509 4,733 28,864 26,074 4,134 3,971 35,023 33,230 3,700 42,246 3,448 38,623 3,495 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year Total Enrolment ICT Enrolment

Evolution of IT Enrolment: Some Observations In contrast to total enrolment trends, enrolment in IT has followed a downward trend in last 5 years Observations Peak attained in 2004: 4,733 students Enrolment declined by 9.4% annually on average over last 5 years Present enrolment: some 3,500

ICT Enrolment from 2000-2009 and Projections for 2010-2012 Year Publicly - Funded Institutions ICT Enrolment Distance Education / Private Providers Overseas ICT Total Total Enrolment ICT Enrolment as a % of Total Enrolment 2000 692 1,381 241 2,314 16,759 13.8 2001 1,046 2,158 365 3,569 20,154 17.7 2002 1,506 1,962 618 4,086 21,949 18.6 2003 2,162 1,543 804 4,509 25,685 17.6 2004 2,141 1,723 869 4,733 26,074 18.2 2005 2,020 1,261 853 4,134 28,864 14.3 2006 1,828 1,255 888 3,971 33,230 12.0 2007 1,642 1,172 886 3,700 35,023 10.6 2008 1,666 756 1026 3,448 38,623 8.9 2009 1,501 1061(Est) 933 (Est) 3,495 42,267 8.3 2010 1603(Est) 996(Est) 948(Est) 3,547 45,000 7.9 2011 1590 (Est) 938(Est) 969(Est) 3,497 48,000 7.3 2012 1564(Est) 998(Est) 950(Est) 3,512 51,000 6.9

The supply of IT graduates and projections for 2010-2012 Year Publicly - Funded Institutions ICT Output Distance Education / Private Providers Overseas ICT Total 2006 875 225 300 1,400 2007 704 250 230 1,184 2008 440 275 280 995 2009(Est) 520 285 230 1,035 2010 480 275 270 1,025 2011 510 260 260 1,030 2012 515 250 250 1,015

Number of IT Programmes in PFI s and Private Institutions distributed by Level Level PFIs Private Total Master 10 9 19 PG Diploma 1 3 4 Degree 24 22 46 Diploma 9 7 16 Certificate - 1 1 Prof. - 1 1 Total 44 43 87

Number of IT Programmes in PFI s and Private Institutions Total no.of IT courses 2005: 66 (public 36; private-30) Net increase: 21 IT courses public: 8; Private: 13

IT & IT Related Programmes in PFI s 1 MSc Software Project Management 2 MSc Software Engineering Projects and Management 3 MSc Software Engineering 4 MSc Multimedia Systems 5 MSc Internet Technology and Web Development 6 MSc Computer Security and Forensics 7 MSc Computer Science spec. in Dist Syst. or Multimedia or Software Engineering 8 MSc Computer Science Cont.

IT & IT Related Programmes in PFI s 9 MSc Computer Networking 10 MSc Computer Mediated Communication & Pedagogies 11 Post Graduate Certificate Education - Computer Studies 12 BSc Web Technologies 13 BSc Statistics with Computer Science 14 BSc Software Engineering 15 BSc Physics with Computing 16 BSc Mathematics with Computer Science Cont.

IT & IT Related Programmes in PFI s 17 BSc Management (Minor: Information Systems) 18 BSc Information Technology Enabled Services 19 BSc Information Technology 20 BSc Information Technology (upgrade programme) 21 BSc Information Systems 22 BSc Information and Communication Technologies 23 BSc Electronics and Computer Science 24 BSc Computer Studies Cont.

IT & IT Related Programmes in PFI s 25 BSc Computer Science with Network Security 26 BSc Computer Science and Engineering 27 BSc Computer Science 28 BSc Computer Applications 29 BSc Business Information Systems 30 BSc Business Informatics 31 BSc Business Informatics (upgrade programme) 32 BSc Business Economics with Information Systems Cont.

IT & IT Related Programmes in PFI s 33 BSc Accounting (Minor: Information Systems) 34 Bachelor of Education - Computer Studies 35 BA Graphic Design with Animation 36 HND Graphic Design and Multi media 37 DUST - Informatique Appliquée 38 DUST - Génie Electrique et Informatique Industrielle 39 Diploma Web and Multimedia 40 Diploma in Software Development Cont.

IT & IT Related Programmes in PFI s 41 Diploma in Networking and Operations Systems 42 Diploma in Information System 43 Diploma in Information and Communication Technology 44 Diploma in Business Informatics

IT & IT Related Programmes in Private Institutions 1 MSc Information Technology 2 MSc in Strategic Business IT 3 Master of Science in Information Technology 4 Master of Computing 5 Master of Computer Application 6 Master of Commerce - Information System 7 Master of Business Administration with specialisation in Banking or Human Resource or Finance or Marketing or Information Systems on Retail Management 8 Master of Information Technology Cont.

IT & IT Related Programmes in Private Institutions 9 Master in Computer Applications (Conversion) 10 Professional Graduate Diploma in Information Technology 11 Post Graduate Diploma Information Technology IT 12 Post Graduate Diploma in Strategic Business IT 13 PG Diploma in Hardware and Networking 14 BSc Computer Science 15 BSc (Hons) Information Technology 16 BSc (Hons) Information Technology (upgrade) Cont.

IT & IT Related Programmes in Private Institutions 17 BSc (Hons) in Software Engineering 18 BSc (Hons) Business Information Technology ( Top-Up) 19 BSc (Hons) Business Informatics 20 BSc (Hons) Business Informatics(upgrade) 21 BE in Information Science and Engineering 22 BE in Computer Science and Engineering 23 BCS - Professional Graduate Diploma 24 BCS - Diploma 25 BCS - Certificate Cont.

IT & IT Related Programmes in Private Institutions 26 BCom with Specialisation in Informatics 27 BCom Business Information Technology 28 Bachelor of Science in Computing and Information Systems 29 Bachelor of Information Technology 30 Bachelor of Commerce - Information System 31 Bachelor in Computer Applications 32 Bachelor (Hons) Computing and Internet Systems 33 BA (Hons) Business Computing (Top-Up) 34 B.Sc (Hons) Computing Cont.

IT & IT Related Programmes in Private Institutions 35 B.Sc (Hons) Computer Science 36 Advanced Diploma in Hardware and Networking (ADHN) 37 International Diploma in Computer Studies 38 International Advanced Diploma in Computer Studies 39 Diplome D' Université (DU) and DEUST D' Informatique Appliquée 40 Diploma in Information Technology 41 Diploma Business Informatics 42 Certificate in Information Technology 43 BTS Informatique de Gestion Mention Developpeur D'Applications

Awarding Institutions in Private Institutions University of Huddersfield, UK University of Portsmouth, UK University of Teeside, UK University of Hertfordshire, UK University of Greenwich, UK BCS, UK NCC Education & London Metropolitan University, UK University of Southern Queensland, Australia Curtin University of Technology, Australia

Awarding Institutions in Private Institutions Université Paris VI, France L'Académie de La Reunion, Réunion UNISA, South Africa Annamalai University, India Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India Visvesvaraya Technological University, India EIILM University, Sikkim, India Sikkim Manipal University, India

HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING INSTRUMENT 1. Graduate Tracer Studies 2. List of Indicative Priority Fields of Study (LIPFS) Tertiary Education Commission-April 2010

GRADUATE TRACER STUDY Study of Graduates Experience with regard to the world of work Last study: published 2008 Targeted total of 2,450 graduates (2,342 UoM and 108 UTM) or 50% sample of graduate cohorts over period 2001 to 2005 Cont.

GRADUATE TRACER STUDY OBJECTIVES : Establish length of time it takes graduates to find a job that corresponds to their qualification Estimate proportion in employment, unemployed, underemployed, further studies Assess graduates salaries and extent of job satisfaction, etc

Methodology A survey questionnaire comprised of 34 questions comprising issues related to (i) The characteristics, socio-economic background and further studies of graduates (i) The labour market experiences of graduates, and (i) The quality of Tertiary education provision and their contribution to graduates personal development

Survey Implementation Response Rate- 46.5% (1139) 1079 UoM Graduates 60 UTM Graduates

GRADUATE TRACER STUDY: FINDINGS GRADUATE (Overall) IT Graduate IT &IT Related Graduates Average Salary (Rs) Job Requirement (Degree or Higher) Ended up in a profession which they had contemplated of making a career in,prior to joining the university Time to get a job Less than one year 16,736 19,500 18,800 75.3% 90.8% 85.5% 34.8% 58.8% 85% 92.7% 92.4%

GRADUATE IT Graduate IT &IT RelatedGraduate Employment Sector Private Sector Public Sector 59.2% 39.6% 74.6% 8% 72.8% 8.9% Working Full Time 87.6% 95% 92%

GRADUATE TRACER STUDY: OBSERVATIONS Findings show that, in general, IT Graduates are faring better than other graduates in the labour market

List of Indicative Priority Fields of Study Published every 2 years Determine fields deemed priority to country Aim at ensuring optimum utilisation of high level human resources and minimise mismatch in graduate labour market

List of Indicative Priority Fields of Study 3 Main Objectives: (i) Guide students in their choice of their fields of study at Tertiary level, in line with the country s priority needs (ii) Assist in award scholarships (iii) Capacity building at the tertiary level

List of Indicative Priority Fields of Study Methodology.Working Group: public and private sector oversee the exercise Situation analysis: State of Graduate labour market assessed ( inventory of studies, reports, statistical digests, etc; stats on employment, unemployment, recruitment - scarcity areas, work permits, etc) Employers survey to assess demand (all public institutions and sample of private firms) Also, Key informants survey Cont.

List of Indicative Priority Fields of Study Questions about: (i) Present problems in recruitment of graduates/scarcity field areas (ii) Recruitment plan for next five years

List of Indicative Priority Fields of Study List compiled by looking at Employers demand for as well as supply of graduates (existing and projected: using enrolment data) and estimate gaps

If DEMAND>SUPPLY => PRIORITY Based on a Critical Mass

Programmes Available in the PFI s/private Institutions as per the LIPFS 2009-2010 Undergraduate Level-Computing Fields Programmes Available 1. Computer Science/Information and Communication Technology (34 courses) 1. B.Sc (Hons) Computer Science 2. B.Sc (Hons) Computing 3. Bachelor (Hons) Computing and Internet Systems 4. Bachelor in Computer Applications 5. Bachelor of Information Technology 6. Bachelor of Science in Computing and Information Systems 7. BCom Business Information Technology 8. BCom with Specialisation in Informatics 9. BCS Certificate 10. BCS Diploma 11. BCS - Professional Graduate Diploma 12. BE in Computer Science and Engineering 13. BE in Information Science and Engineering

Fields Programmes Available in the PFI s/private Institutions as per the LIPFS 2009-2010 Undergraduate Level-Computing 1. Computer Science/Information and Communication Technology Programmes Available 14. BSc (Hons) Business Informatics 15. BSc (Hons) Business Informatics(upgrade) 16. BSc (Hons) Business Information Technology ( Top-Up) 17. BSc (Hons) Information Technology 18. BSc (Hons) Information Technology (upgrade) 19. BSc Business Informatics 20. BSc Business Informatics (upgrade programme) 21. BSc Computer Applications 22. BSc Computer Science and Engineering 23. BSc Computer Studies 24. BSc Information and Communication Technologies 25. BSc Information Technology Enabled Services

Fields Programmes Available in the PFI s/private Institutions as per the LIPFS 2009-2010 Undergraduate Level-Computing 1. Computer Science/Information and Communication Technology Programmes Available 26. BTS Informatique de Gestion Mention Developpeur D'Applications 27. Certificate in Information Technology 28. Diploma in Business Informatics 29. Diploma in Information and Communication Technology 30. Diploma in Information Technology 31. Diplome D' Université (DU) and DEUST D' Informatique Appliquée 32. DUST - Informatique Appliquée 33. International Advanced Diploma in Computer Studies 34. International Diploma in Computer Studies

Fields Programmes Available in the PFI s/private Institutions as per the LIPFS 2009-2010 Undergraduate Level-Computing 2. Web Designing (2 courses) Programmes Available 1. BSc Web Technologies 2. Diploma Web and Multimedia 3. E-Commerce/E-Marketing (none) 4. Information Systems (8 courses) - 1. BSc Information Systems 2. BSc Business Information Systems 3. BSc Business Economics with Information Systems 4. Bachelor of Science in Computing and Information Systems 5. Bachelor of Commerce - Information System 6. BSc Accounting (Minor:Information System) 7. BSc Management (Minor Information System) 8. Diploma in Information System

Programmes Available in the PFI s/private Institutions as per the LIPFS 2009-2010 Undergraduate Level-Computing Fields 5. IT with Forensics-Cyber Law and Cyber Crime (none) 6. Software Development (only one course) 7. Software Engineering (only one course) 8. Systems Analyst/Design/Administrat ion (none) 9. Telecommunication and Networking (2 courses) Programmes Available - 1. Diploma in Software Development 1. BSc Software Engineering - 1. Advanced Diploma in Hardware and Networking (ADHN) 2. Diploma in Networking and Operations Systems

Programmes Available in the PFI s/private Institutions as per the LIPFS 2009-2010 Postgraduate Level-Computing Fields 1. Business Information systems with specialisation in Network Technology/Intelligent Systems (none) 2. Database and Network Administration (2 courses) 3. Development of Internet- Based Solutions (one course) 4. E-Commerce/E- Business/E-Logistics/E- Marketing (none) 5. Information Management and Systems Programmes Available - 1. MSc Computer Networking 2. PG Diploma in Hardware and Networking 1. MSc Internet Technology and Web Development - -

Programmes Available in the PFI s/private Institutions as per the LIPFS 2009-2010 Postgraduate Level-Computing Fields 6. Internet Security (one) 7. Multimedia and Interactive Computer Systems (2 courses) 8. Software Development/Engineering (3 courses) 9. Web Design and Development (one course) Programmes Available 1. MSc Computer Security and Forensics 1. MSc Multimedia Systems 2. MSc Computer Science spec. in Dist Syst. or Multimedia or Software Engineering 1. MSc Software Engineering 2. MSc Software Engineering Projects and Management 3. MSc Computer Science spec. in Dist Syst. Or Multimedia or Software Engineering 1. MSc Internet Technology and Web Development

Some Observations Supply in terms of course provision is in a large measure being attended to (no. of courses- o.k; quantity produced in existing areas may need to be increased). Still, a no. of priority fields in IT are not being offered locally which implies that more new courses need to be introduced in future (diversify into new areas)

Some Observations Indications show that prospects for IT professionals in the labour market are very good compared to the average graduate (salary, time taken to find employment, etc) However problems seem to exist with regard to the demand for IT courses at the tertiary level: Some in-depth investigations may be needed to understand why less and less students are opting for IT over time?

WAY FORWARD Need to encourage more students to take IT (or Maths) at secondary and tertiary level (career guidance) More employers/job fairs: to provide information to secondary students on scope for employment in the IT sector Greater Industry and University collaboration: capacity building/ staff and information exchange to assist in designing new curricula/courses and fine-tuning exiting ones, in line with industry needs

Thank You