BIOVALUE PROJECT 2 ANDERS PETER ADAMSEN
CONTENT Protein work KU Effekt of time lag between harvest and processing Flow sheeting Pilot plant
OLIGOSACCHARIDES - A Upgrading of C5 oligomers Structural composition of short arabinoxylooligosaccharides was semi-quantitatively approximated by combinatorial model, which provided the basis for any structural considerations in future experiments with prebiotic activity testing. Short linear xylooligosaccharides (2-4 degree of polymerization) were produced from hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw as a result of xylanase and cellulases treatment. Enzymes for increased protein extraction Identification, cloning and characterisation of Chaetomium thermophilum feruloyl esterase was performed. Putative feruloyl esterase gene was identified in Chaetomium thermophilum transcriptome; novel recombinant enzyme was produced in Pichia pastoris and characterized.
PROTEIN PLATFORM - KU Development of a fast protein hydrolyses platform for amino acid composition analysis with microwave assisted acid hydrolysis: Hydrolysis 85-100% recovery of Bovine Serum Albumin Running in on proteins from green biomass under development. Looks fine. Analysis of cell wall proteins etc. Separation of proteins from cell wall Complete N balances (Sol. AA, NH4+, NO3- & proteins) in green biomass Running in a new carbohydrate analyses methods (monosaccharides)
PROTEIN FEED FROM GREEN BIOMASS Fertilizer Biogas plant Manure Heat/ power Maceration Grass refinery Pressing Residuel juice Precipitation Fractionation Grass Refinery Protein concentrate Fibre Monogastric animal feed Ruminant animal feed Food 5
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Biomasses: Rye grass & White clover Rye grass White clover Harvest: Layed / Chopped (11 November) Storage: 1m 3 box, simulating a large pile Harvest Layed in swaths Time: Processed after 0, 4, 24, & 48 hours Processed in triplicates Chopped Layed 6
Influence of harvest method and post-harvest time on protein extraction yield Temp. C Temperature increased during storage Rye grass Layed Rye grass Chopped 40 30 20 10 Chopped Layed 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Hours after harvest BioBase 7
CONCLUSIONS SO FAR No trend of dry matter or crude protein yields changing over time Microbial growth is induced by chopping the biomass The difference will be in the quality Total amino acid content is needed to give an estimation of true protein. 8
SIMPLE PROCESS SIMULATION IN EXCEL Anders Peter Adamsen & Morten Ambye-Jensen Authors: Denotation: Input cells: Green number Calculation: Blue numbers Fibre product Protein 2.500 kg/h 2.500 2.591 Protein 1.296 19,8% Sol. carbohydrates 2.000 kg/h 2.000 3.054 Sol. carbohydrates 916 14,0% Hemicellulose 1.000 kg/h Biomass 1.000 1.527 Hemicellulose 458 7,0% Cellulose 2.000 kg/h Biomass reception & storage 2.000 system 2.036 Maceration and separation fibre Cellulose 1.934 29,6% Lignin 1.000 kg/h Capacity 24 h 1.000 Feeding 1.018 Fractionation Lignin 967 14,8% Residual 500 kg/h reception and 500 664 Screw press Residual 332 5,1% P 30 kg/h 30 38 P 19 0,3% system K 300 kg/h 300 468 K 187 2,9% Ash (-P&K) 670 kg/h storage 670 850 Ash (-P&K) 425 6,5% Necessary to Water 45.556 kg/h 45.556 71.087 Water 28.435 Sum DM 10.000 kg/h 10.000 12.246 Sum DM 6.534 Sum total 55.556 kg/h 55.556 Recycling Protein 91 91 83.333 Juice 1.296 23% Sum total 34.969 DM 18,0% 18,0% 70% Sol. carbohydrates 1.054 1.054 14,7% 2.138 37% DM 19% Protein 25,0% total DM 25,0% Hemicellulose 527 527 21,2% 1.069 19% Protein 20% Temp. 10 C 10 Cellulose 36 36 10 102 2% Enthalpy 0 GJ 0 Target DM Lignin 18 18 51 1% 12% Residual 164 164 332 6% Total stream needed P 8 8 19 0% Capacity 30.000 t DM/yr 10 t DM/h 83.333 K 168 168 281 5% Working days 3000 h Ratio of sidestream Ash (-P&K) 180 180 425 7% Input DM content 18% Separation efficiency 70% Water 25.532 25.532 42.652 12% Maceration etc. Protein separation Sum DM 2.246 2.245 Steam Condensed or cooled water Protein 25,0% DM 50% into the juice 90% into Protein Conc Sum total 27.778 27.778 - - Sol. carbohydrates 20,0% DM 70% into the juice 30% into Protein Conc DM 6% 6% - - Hemicellulose 10,0% DM 70% into the juice 30% into Protein Conc Protein 3% 3% - - Cellulose 20,0% DM 5% into the juice 50% into Protein Conc - precipitation - Protein Lignin 10,0% DM 5% into the juice 50% into Protein Conc - Temp. 70 C - Residual 5,0% DM 50% into the juice 30% into Protein Conc - Δh 6 GJ/h - P 0,3% DM 50% into the juice 40% into Protein Conc Heat exchanger precipitation K 3,0% DM 60% into the juice 15% into Protein Conc Ash (-P&K) 6,7% DM 50% into the juice 40% into Protein Conc - Δt 30 C - Total (check) 100,0% DM 2.445 2.445 Water 455,6% DM 60% into the juice 15% into Protein Conc - - Unit (kg/h) Feed Fibre product Protein Concentrate Side stream Control 2.445 1.296 2.445 Protein 2.500 25% 1.296 20% 1.166 46% 38 4% 0 0,0% 2.138 - Sol. carbohydrates 2.000 20% 916 14% 641 25% 442 47% - 1.069 - Hemicellulose 1.000 10% 458 7% 321 13% 221 23% - 120 102 100 Cellulose 2.000 20% 1.934 30% 51 2% 15 2% 0 51 Lignin 1.000 10% 967 15% 25 1% 8 1% 0 332 Residual 500 5% 332 5% 100 4% 69 7% - 19 P 30 0% 19 0% 8 0% 3 0% - 281 K 300 3% 187 3% 42 2% 71 7% - 425 Ash (-P&K) 670 7% 425 7% 170 7% 75 8% - 42.652 12% Water 45.556 28.435 6.398 10.723 - Side stream Protein Concentrate Sum total 55.556 34.969 8.922 11.665 - Protein 38 4% 130 4% Protein 1.166 46,2% Sum DM 10.000 100% 6.534 100% 2.524 100% 942 100% - Sol. carbohydrates 442 47% 1.497 47% Sol. carbohydrates 641 25,4% DM 18,0% 18,7% 28,3% 8,1% Hemicellulose 221 23% 748 23% Hemicellulose 321 12,7% Cellulose 15 2% waste water 51 2% Protein Separation Protein concentrate Cellulose 51 2,0% Liquid/Solid Amt. (t DM/yr) 30.000 19.602 7.571 2.826 Lignin 8 1% 25 1% Lignin 25 1,0% 100% 65% 25% 9% Residual 69 7% 232 7% Decenting centrifuge Residual 100 3,9% P 3 0% 11 0% separation P 8 0,3% 25% 25% 20% 20% 46% 46% 4% 4% K 71 7% 239 7% K 42 1,7% Necessary to Ash (-P&K) 75 8% 255 8% Ash (-P&K) 170 6,7% Water 10.723 36.254 Water 6.398 Sum DM 942 3.188 Sum DM 2.524 Sum total 11.665 39.443 Sum total 8.922 DM 8,1% 8,1% DM 28,3% Protein 4,1% 4,1% Protein 46,2% BioBase 9
PILOT PLANT
Biomass Feeding System Mixing feeder, Macerator, Lobe pump 19m 3, mixing, load sensor Recirculation of residue juice Pumpable feed stream Cuts down to 10 mm BioBase 11
Fractionation step Screw press - Prototype 0.5-10 m 3 per hour 100-250 μm filter Thin filter cake Separate juice outputs Fibre DM of ca. 35% BioBase 12
Protein precipitation and separation Buffer tank, Pump, Heat exchange, Decanter centrifuge Temperature increase: 10 -> 80 C Temperature decrease: 80 -> 20 C Centrifuge capacity 1-5 m 3 /hr Prevents air intake to reduce foaming BioBase 13