Cornwall s economy at a glance January 2013 An overview of the main economic measures and Census employment data for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly compared to other areas, and changes over time. Headlines Small but growing economy Growth rates for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly s economy have been high over the last decade. However it remains the second weakest economy in the country in 2011. See Gross Value Added (below). Very high self employment, but drop in businesses overall There is a very high level of self employment locally, the fourth highest in the country. However, the overall drop in the number of VAT and/or PAYE 1 registered businesses (-4.1% 2008-2011) reflects the local impact of the recession. See Business profile (page 2). Unemployment is a mixed picture Alongside Cornwall s seasonal fluctuations in Jobseekers Allowance, unemployment levels have been variable. See Unemployment, earnings and qualifications (page 6). Also see Understanding unemployment (page 8). Improved qualifications between 2001 and 2011 - there has been an increase in the proportion of people with NVQ4+ qualification (degree or equivalent and higher), which has increased from 16% in 2001 to 25% in 2011. Similarly, the proportion of the population with no qualifications has from 29% to 24%. However still means that one in four have no qualifications. See Qualifications (page 6). Gross Value Added (GVA) Gross Value Added is a long term indicator of the value of the economy in an area. It is the value of the products and services minus the cost of producing them. Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (the black bar) compared to other NUTS 2 regions 2 Headline figure Change in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly over time (from 2004 to most recent data) Gross Value Added (GVA) / overall economic activity (Regional Accounts, ONS) In 2011, Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly s GVA per head was worth 7.5bn (7.4% of the and 0.6% UK total). Between 2010 and 2011 the value of local economic activity increased by 194m (+2.7%), compared to +2.4% nationally. 2011 ( /head) Inner London UK UK 13,848 19,093 21,368 2006 2011 ( /head) 12,662 13,393 13,632 13,181 13,608 13,848 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Community Intelligence, Cornwall Council intelligence@cornwall.gov.uk 1
Business profile Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (the black bar) compared to other areas Headline figure Change in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly over time (from 2004 to most recent data) % change in number of VAT and/or PAYE (pay as you earn) registered businesses 1 Between 2008 and 2012 the number of businesses in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly that were either VAT registered, or PAYE registered, or both, dropped by 3.1% to 20,105. Jan 2008 Jan 2012-3.1% (-675) 2008 2009 21,780 21,565-2.0% -0.4% 2010 2011 2012 21,000 20,895 20,105 Self employment rate (population aged 16+-64, Annual Population Survey, ONS) In 2011/12, 15.5% of the working age population were self employed in Cornwall and IoS. July 2011/ June 12 (%) 15.5% (51,000) 11.2% 9.4% 2004 2012 (%) 15.4 14.9 12.9 11.8 12.1 14.4 2009/10 2008/09 2007/08 2006/07 2005/06 2004/05 13.7 2010/11 15.5 2011/12 Micro businesses (0-9 employees) (Office for National Statistics) At the beginning of 2012, 88.7% of VAT and/or PAYE registered businesses in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly, were classified as micro businesses (with 0-9 employees). There is very little variation across the country. 2012 (%) 88.7% (18,715) 89.0% 88.6% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 89.7% 89.3% 89.2% 89.3% 88.7% Businesses with under 50k turnover (Office for National Statistics) At the beginning of 2012, 22.2% of the businesses in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly had annual turnovers of under 50,000. 2012 (%) 22.2% (4,685) 20.7% 18.4% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 22.3% 22.0% 22.0% 23.1% 22.2% Community Intelligence, Cornwall Council intelligence@cornwall.gov.uk 2
Employment and self employment by sector (Business Register and Employment Survey, DEFRA June Agricultural Census and Cornwall Council self employment estimates) The table below summarises the features of employment and self-employment for each of the broad sectors in Cornwall in 2011. % Full time % part time* Employees Self-employed Broad sector Total employment 2008-2011 change (number) (%) (%) (%) (%) Accommodation & food services 33,800 14% 7% 11% -1% Retail 32,400 13% 10% 1% -3% Health 30,900 12% 13% 1% 7% Education 20,300 8% 9% -4% 0% Manufacturing 19,700 8% 9% -3% -8% Construction 16,700 7% 5% -1% -11% Arts, entertainment, recreation & other services Agriculture, forestry & fishing Business admin & support services Professional, scientific & technical Transport & storage (inc postal) 13,700 6% 4% -19% -3% 12,400 5% 2% -9% -4% 12,300 5% 8% 33% -5% 12,100 5% 7% 1% 5% 9,600 4% 5% 8% -3% Wholesale 8,200 3% 4% -11% -4% Public administration & defence 7,800 3% 5% -22% -4% Motor trades 5,300 2% 2% 15% -3% Property 3,700 1% 5% -25% 6% Information & communication 3,500 1% 4% 28% 3% Financial & insurance 3,200 1% 4% 14% -6% Mining, quarrying & utilities 2,700 1% 1% -17% 17% Total 248,300 *Part time applies to workers who work less than 30 hrs/week, apart from agriculture (< 39 hrs). Note: difference between sector figures and total is due to rounding. Community Intelligence, Cornwall Council intelligence@cornwall.gov.uk 3
Employment by occupation and gender (16-74) (Table KS609EW and Table KS610EW 2011 Census) Cornwall has the 10 th highest percentage of males employed in skilled trades and of the 348 local authorities in England and Wales. 40000 20000 0 20000 40000 1. Managers, directors and senior officials 11,573 16,412 2. Professional 3. Associate professional and technical 18,845 10,404 14,922 15,051 4. Administrative and secretarial 19,252 4,068 5. Skilled trades 5,075 36,436 6. Caring, leisure and other service 7. Sales and customer service 21,396 13,593 4,402 6,501 8. Process, plant and machine operatives 2,435 14,934 9. Elementary 14,178 15,050 Hours worked (Table KS604EW, 2011 Census) Cornwall has the 9th highest percentage of females working 16 to 30 hours of the 348 local authorities in England and Wales. 100000 50000 0 50000 100000 Part-time: 15 hours or less worked 18,499 7,927 Part-time: 16 to 30 hours worked 41,482 15,037 Full-time: 31 to 48 hours worked 48,567 79,381 Full-time: 49 or more hours worked 8,203 25,431 Community Intelligence, Cornwall Council intelligence@cornwall.gov.uk 4
Occupation (Table KS608EW, usual residents aged 16-74 in employment the week before Census) The chart indicates that the most common occupation is Skilled Trades and Occupations, for example skilled agricultural, electronic, construction, textile and printing trades. Cornwall England & Wales (size based on %) 1. Managers, directors and senior of f icials 2. Professional 3. Associate professional and technical 27,985 33,767 25,455 4. Administrative and secretarial 5. Skilled trades 6. Caring, leisure and other service 23,320 41,511 25,798 7. Sales and customer service 8. Process, plant and machine operatives 9. Elementary 20,094 17,369 29,228 Community Intelligence, Cornwall Council intelligence@cornwall.gov.uk 5
Unemployment, earnings and qualifications Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (the black bar) compared to other areas Headline figure Change in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly over time (from 2004 to most recent data) Unemployment rate (Annual Population Survey, ONS) Also see page 7. In 2011/12, 5.1% of the working age population were unemployed in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. The jobseekers allowance (JSA) rate for September 2012 is 2.6%. Apr 2011 - Mar 2012 (%) 2004-2012 (%) (JSA values is for Sept) 5.1% (12,500) 9.3 6.4% 8.2% 4.4 3.3 4.0 5.8 6.7 5.5 5.1 JSA 2.6 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Full time annual earnings (Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, resident analysis, Office for National Statistics) In 2012, the average annual earnings (before tax and other contributions) was 22,087. 2012 ( ) 2008 2012 ( ) 22,087 25,038 26,551 21,000 21,529 22,083 21,755 22,087 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Qualifications NVQ level 4+ (degree or equivalent and above) (Table KS501EW, 2011 Census) In 2011, 25% of the population in Cornwall (110,518 people) aged 16-74 were qualified to NVQ4 or above. This includes degree (for example BA, BSc) or Higher Degree (for example MA, PhD, PGCE) or equivalent. 40 35 30 25 People qualified to NVQ4+ (%) 25% (98,200) Level 4 Qualifications change (%) 2001-2011 20 15 10 5 EN &W 24.7% 27.2% 15.8% 25.0% 0 2001 2011 Community Intelligence, Cornwall Council intelligence@cornwall.gov.uk 6
No qualifications (Table KS501EW, 2011 Census) In Cornwall, 22.4% (99,237) of the population (aged 16-74) have no academic or professional qualifications. 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 No qualifications (%) EN&W 22.4% (99,237) 20.7% 22.7% No Qualifications change (%) 2001-2011 29.0% 22.4% 2001 2011 Economic Activity Economically active: the proportion of the population who are active or potentially active members of the labour market, includnig employed (full time, part-time and self-employed), unemployed but actively seeking work and on a government supported employment or training programme. This category includes people who were not working but were looking for work and were available to start work within 2 weeks. Full-time students who are economically active are included. Economically inactive: specific categories of economic inactivity are: Retired, Student (excludes those students who were working or in some other way were economically active), Looking after family/ home, Permanently sick/ disabled and Other. A person who is looking for work but is not available to start work within 2 weeks is counted as Economically Inactive. Community Intelligence, Cornwall Council intelligence@cornwall.gov.uk 7
Understanding unemployment The graph and notes below outline the trends and background to the unemployment and Jobseekers Allowance (JSA) benefit claimant rates. JSA rates are sometimes used as an indicator of unemployment levels, but many of those who are unemployed (without a job, but have been actively seeking work in the last four weeks) do not claim JSA, therefore it is an underestimate. As the graph below shows, there is a significant gap between the two rates. % of working age population 10.0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 Unemployment and Jobseekers Allowance Claimants (1995-2012) Unemployment began to rise locally in 2006, after a low of 3.3% Unemployment JSA JSA (3.8%) Cornwall JSA (2.9%) Cornwall Cornwall 1.0 0.0 Jun 1995 Jun 1996 Jun 1997 Jun 1998 Jun 1999 Jun 2000 Jun 2001 Jun 2002 Jun 2003 Jun 2004 Jun 2005 Jun 2006 Jun 2007 Jun 2008 Jun 2009 Jun 2010 Jun 2011 Jun 2012 The monthly JSA claimant rates show the local seasonal fluctuations Source: Analysis: Annual Population Survey and Department for Work and Pensions Community Intelligence, Cornwall Council Unemployment rate (bar charts) Apr 2011 Mar 2012 average: JSA claimants (line charts) November 2012 snapshot: (12,500) 5.1% Cornwall 2.9% (9,501) 8.2% 3.8% Unemployed figures explained: People who have indicated that they do not have a job, but have actively sought one in the last four weeks. Data is based on a sample survey of the population (around 5,300 responses for Cornwall per year). Published as a 12 month average, but updated quarterly following periodic samples. The lag time on this data is seven months. JSA figures explained: People who are entitled to claim Jobseekers Allowance must be actively seeking work and currently work less than 16 hours a week. To maintain their benefit payments, claimants are also required to attend interviews at the jobcentre, normally fortnightly. Data is based on Department for Work and Pensions records (via Jobcentres), published as a monthly snapshot. The lag time on this data is one month. Community Intelligence, Cornwall Council intelligence@cornwall.gov.uk 8
Endnotes: 1 Businesses with sales of over 70,000 per year must register for UK VAT. Business in the UK must register for PAYE (pay as you earn) if they make salary payments or other compensations to employees (such as maternity pay, bonuses etc.). 2 NUTS 2 regions are statistical areas defined for use across the European Union. Community Intelligence, Cornwall Council intelligence@cornwall.gov.uk 9