Fiber Optics in a Bakken Multi-Stage Fractured Well Montana Tech 2011 SPE Drilling Symposium Presented by: Chelsea Kadler
Agenda FracPoint Design FracPoint Real-time Monitoring System Downhole Equipment Service Equipment Results 2
3 FracPoint Design
FracPoint Completion System A ball drop system that increases reservoir productivity with fracture control and placement Eliminates perforating & liner cementing operations Decreases Rig & Pump time
FracPoint Ball Actuated Frac Sleeve Strategically placed between the packers Sleeves contain different ball seats that are sequentially opened during the scheduled fracture treatments The Frac balls serve two purposes: Shift open the sleeve Temporarily isolates previous stage/interval Locking device ensures the sleeve remains open 5
Reactive Element Packer (REPacker) A self-energized swelling elastomeric packer that eliminates annular flow The packer element reacts with annular fluid Water reactive element Oil reactive element Metal end rings assist in protecting the rubber element during deployment Topical Inhibitor can be applied to decrease swell time 6
FracPoint Horizontal Stimulation Completion for unconventional formations RE Packers Isolate zones in the wellbore Frac Sleeves Stimulate individual zones 7
FracPoint Real-time Fiber Optics Monitoring System 8
CASE HISTORY Project Details: Date : May 11, 2010 Formation: Bakken Type: Oil Producer Lateral Length: 10,000 Feet Lateral Casing: 4-1/2 11.60 ft/lbs LTC Main Bore Casing: 5 23.20 ft/lbs SLX 10 Stage FracPoint TM System Gauges: (5) SureSENS TM pressure and temperature 5 Custom Designed Gauge Carriers Fiber Optic: (1) DTS (Distributed Temperature Sensor) Clamps: Canbon special low profile clamps Special Feed Through Sleeves and RE Packers
Baker Hughes Provided the entire completion FracPoint TM openhole completion system SureSENS TM PT Gauges SureView TM DTS fiber-optic lines Baker Hughes IPS division provided specialized interpretation of the DTS Results. Baker Electrical (TEC) Line Baker Fiber Line 10
First Time Challenges Integral Real Time Monitoring System in the Bakken Shale Deploying a dual continuous electrical and fiber lines successfully to bottom Ultra long horizontal application Engineered & customized equipment 11
Benefits SureSENS TM Real Time Pressure Temperature Gauges for life of well Real Time Monitoring while well is Hydraulically Fractured DST Technology measures continuous temperature and depth profile along the wellbore for the life of the well 12
Why? Monitoring your wellbore Stimulation Optimize stimulation design Wellbore mapping Production Model the reservoir Determine your flow rates Assist in real time production analysis Monitor reservoir depletion Optimize zonal completion methods 13
14 Downhole Equipment
15 Wellbore Schematic
Reactive Element (Swell) Packer Applied thick layer of inhibitor to prevent packers for swelling for 100 hours after reaching 200 F. Allow control lines to successfully pass through the RE Packers Cut Λ shaped slots into the packer element Lines were recessed into the packer element while RIH Machined grooves in existing end rings to recess control lines 16
17 Reactive Element (Swell) Packer
18 Reactive Element (Swell) Packer
19 Reactive Element (Swell) Packer
Modified Frac Sleeve Allow control lines to successfully pass through the Frac Sleeves 2 frac ports were blanked off and slots were machined to allow control lines to pass through Channel milled the full length of sleeve for a recessed area Cover plates designed to fit over the milled channel The control lines are tucked under the running OD of the sleeve. 20
21 Modified Frac Sleeve
22 Modified Frac Sleeve
SureSENS TM Pressure Temperature Gauges SureSENS TM 16,000psi / 300F Will monitor pressure and temperature for life of well. Will display real time data while fracing and also let you see which zone is producing the best. When installing multiple gauges you can determine your flow rates. 23
Gauge Carrier Quarts sensors Sequence at every gauge carrier Splice Terminate lines Pressure test 10,000psi Fail / Repeat 1 ½ hr at every gauge carrier 24
Control Lines & Protective Covers Cannon covers - specially designed to protect control lines across a liner connection Tubing Encased Conductor (TEC) TEC Fiber is used to transmit the Pressure & Temperature Readings 25
Distributed Temperature Sensing Fiber Optics Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) technology uses a fiber-optic cable to measure continuous temperature profile along the wellbore. Surface Interrogator Unit (SIU) provides a light beam down the fiber and also measures the strength of the reflection in 3 ft intervals at the speed of light Computers interpret the light beam reflection strength and correlates them to the downhole temp & press gauge readings 26
27 Service Equipment
28 Service Equipment
Spooling unit 110psi Air operated Structurally made of aluminum Standard spooling unit size is 6.5 w x 6 h x 8.5 L 3,500 lbs 29
Job Box Used to store Sheaves, rig floor tools, air hoses, chart recorders & miscellanies tools for job. 7 w x 7 L x 5.5 H 3,100 lbs 30
Sheaves Designed to have the appropriate stand off for running the control lines 4 sheaves on 1 spreader bar 2 slings tie off slings to hang off sheaves Slings can be wrapped around rig beam Sling size= ½ x 6 L rated to 3.6 tons Sheave size= 3 w x 3 h x 4 L 31
Protector Boxes Holds Over the Collar cable Protectors 1 or 2 protector boxes on rig floor at a time Empty weight 600 lbs 4 w x 3 L x 6.5 h 350 clamps 32
33 Rig Floor Box / Protector Installation Kit
34 Results
Installation Results We were successful Deployed our electrical and fiber lines to bottom Both lines were able to record at surface Well was hydraulically fractured and we were able to gather results Data was interpreted by the IPS product line of Baker Hughes 35
36 Gauge & DTS Software readout while RIH
37 DTS Software
38 Thank You, Questions?