Linguistics (Ma) VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 I
Study Guide information for the Linguistics Master's programme. Click on the links below to reach information about the courses. Alternatively, you may download the complete Study Guide as pdf file by clicking on the button Make PDF from complete programme. VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 II
Index Master Linguistics, Specialization Bible Translation 1 Master Linguistics, Specialization Bible Translation Obligatory 1 Bible Translation Biblical Languages 1 Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Documentation 1 Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Documentation Electives 2 Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Documentation Obligatory 2 Master Linguistics, Specialization Lexicology and Terminology 2 Master Linguistics, Specialization as Second Language 2 Master Linguistics, Specialization as Second Language Electives 3 Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Learning Disorder 3 Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Learning Disorder Electives 4 Course: Advanced Statistics 4 Course: Advanced Statistics 4 Course: Anthropological Linguistics: an overview 5 Course: Anthropological Linguistics: an overview 5 Course: Articulatory Phonetics and Typology of Sounds 6 Course: Communication and Cognition, Relevance Theory 8 Course: Describing Morphosyntax 8 Course: Describing Morphosyntax 9 Course: Describing Morphosyntax 10 Course: Developing Computer-assisted Language Teaching Aids 11 Course: Developing Computer-assisted Language Teaching Aids 11 Course: Disorders in Language and Hearing 12 Course: as a Second Language Impairment 12 Course: Dyslexia and Special Education in Language Teaching 12 Course: Dyslexie, orthodidactiek taalonderwijs 12 Course: Dyslexy and Special Education in Languag 13 Course: Introduction to Translation Studies 13 Course: Language and Hearing Impairment 14 Course: Language Teaching in Vocational Education 14 Course: Language Teaching in Vocational Education and Pedagogy of as a Second Language to Adult SL Learners Course: MA-Thesis Applied Linguistics 14 Course: MA-Thesis Theoretical Linguistics 15 Course: Methods and Procedures in Field Linguistics 15 Course: Paper Presentation 15 Course: Paper Presentation Master Linguistics 15 Course: Pedagogy of as a Second Language to Adult SL Learners 15 Course: Specific Disorders in Language Development and Aphasia 16 Course: Specific Disorders in Language Development and Multilinguality 16 Course: Teaching as a Second Language 16 Course: Teaching as a Second Language 16 Course: Work Placement Master Applied Linguistics 17 14 VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 III
Course: Working Sessions in Bible Translation 17 Course: Working Sessions in Bible Translation 17 VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 IV
Master Linguistics, Specialization Bible Translation Programme components: - Master Linguistics, Specialization Bible Translation Obligatory Courses: Name Period Credits Code Anthropological Linguistics: an overview Communication and Cognition, Relevance Theory 6.0 L_TAMATWS015 6.0 L_NTMANED009 Describing Morphosyntax 6.0 L_TAMATWS014 Working Sessions in Bible Translation 6.0 L_TAMATWS013 Master Linguistics, Specialization Bible Translation Obligatory Programme components: - Bible Translation Biblical Languages Courses: Name Period Credits Code Anthropological Linguistics: an overview Articulatory Phonetics and Typology of Sounds Bible Translation Biblical Languages Period 5 5.0 L_TAMATWS004 Period 1 0.0 L_TAMATWS010 Describing Morphosyntax Period 2 5.0 L_TAMATWS002 Introduction to Translation Studies MA-Thesis Theoretical Linguistics Methods and Procedures in Field Linguistics Working Sessions in Bible Translation Period 1 5.0 L_TAMATWS001 Ac. Year (September) 20.0 L_TAMATWSSCR Period 1 0.0 L_TAMATWS011 Period 2 5.0 L_TAMATWS003 Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Documentation VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 1 of 18
Programme components: - - Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Documentation Electives Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Documentation Obligatory Courses: Name Period Credits Code Anthropological Linguistics: an overview Communication and Cognition, Relevance Theory 6.0 L_TAMATWS015 6.0 L_NTMANED009 Describing Morphosyntax 6.0 L_TAMATWS014 Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Documentation Electives Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Documentation Obligatory Courses: Name Period Credits Code Anthropological Linguistics: an overview Articulatory Phonetics and Typology of Sounds Period 5 5.0 L_TAMATWS004 Period 1 0.0 L_TAMATWS010 Describing Morphosyntax Period 2 5.0 L_TAMATWS002 Describing Morphosyntax Period 3 5.0 L_TAMATWS006 MA-Thesis Theoretical Linguistics Methods and Procedures in Field Linguistics Ac. Year (September) 20.0 L_TAMATWSSCR Period 1 0.0 L_TAMATWS011 Master Linguistics, Specialization Lexicology and Terminology Master Linguistics, Specialization as Second Language Programme components: - Master Linguistics, Specialization as Second Language Electives Courses: VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 2 of 18
Name Period Credits Code Advanced Statistics 6.0 L_AAMATWS001 Advanced Statistics Period 2 5.0 L_CAMAALG001 Developing Computerassisted Language Teaching Aids Developing Computerassisted Language Teaching Aids Language Teaching in Vocational Education Language Teaching in Vocational Education and Pedagogy of as a Second Language to Adult SL Learners MA-Thesis Applied Linguistics 6.0 L_CAMAALG007 Period 1 5.0 L_CAMAALG002 Semester 2 5.0 L_WAMATWS003 9.0 L_WAMATWS013 Ac. Year (September) 20.0 L_WAMATWSSCR Paper Presentation Semester 1, Semester 2 0.0 L_WABATWS001 Paper Presentation Master Linguistics Pedagogy of as a Second Language to Adult SL Learners Teaching as a Second Language Teaching as a Second Language 0.0 L_WAMATWS015 Semester 2 5.0 L_WAMATWS002 9.0 L_WAMATWS010 Semester 1 10.0 L_WAMATWS004 Master Linguistics, Specialization as Second Language Electives Courses: Name Period Credits Code Work Placement Master Applied Linguistics Semester 1 10.0 L_WAMATWSSTA Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Learning Disorder Programme components: - Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Learning Disorder Electives Courses: Name Period Credits Code Advanced Statistics 6.0 L_AAMATWS001 Advanced Statistics Period 2 5.0 L_CAMAALG001 VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 3 of 18
Developing Computerassisted Language Teaching Aids Developing Computerassisted Language Teaching Aids Disorders in Language and Hearing as a Second Language Impairment Dyslexia and Special Education in Language Teaching Dyslexie, orthodidactiek taalonderwijs Dyslexy and Special Education in Languag Language and Hearing Impairment MA-Thesis Applied Linguistics 6.0 L_CAMAALG007 Period 1 5.0 L_CAMAALG002 6.0 L_WAMATWS014 Period 1 5.0 L_WAMATWS006 Period 5 5.0 L_WAMATWS008 6.0 L_WAMATWS016 0.0 L_WAMATWS005 Period 4 5.0 L_WAMATWS009 Ac. Year (September) 20.0 L_WAMATWSSCR Paper Presentation Semester 1, Semester 2 0.0 L_WABATWS001 Paper Presentation Master Linguistics Specific Disorders in Language Development and Aphasia Specific Disorders in Language Development and Multilinguality 0.0 L_WAMATWS015 Period 2 5.0 L_WAMATWS007 6.0 L_WAMATWS011 Master Linguistics, Specialization Language Learning Disorder Electives Courses: Name Period Credits Code Work Placement Master Applied Linguistics Advanced Statistics Semester 1 10.0 L_WAMATWSSTA Course code L_AAMATWS001 () Credits 6.0 dr. C.A.M. de Jong Advanced Statistics VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 4 of 18
Course code L_CAMAALG001 (542601) Period Period 2 dr. P.H.F. Bos dr. P.H.F. Bos, dr. C.A.M. de Jong, prof. dr. M.M.R. Coene Anthropological Linguistics: an overview Course code L_TAMATWS015 () Credits 6.0 English Course objective Knowlegde of central notions and methods of anthropological linguistics. Ability to observe and analyse linguistic phenomena from the perspective of anthropological linguistics. Critical reflection on views regarding the relationship between language and culture. The student is able to report in a clear manner on results of his or her own anthropological linguistic research. The student is able to interact critically with literature in the field of anthropological linguistics. Course content The following topics are discussed. Methods and basic notions of anthropological linguistics, orality and literacy, kinship terminology, counting and numeral systems, language and taboo, taxonomies and partonomies, the linguistic construction of personhood, language and gender.. Interactive lectures. Type of assessment Oral exam on W.A. Foley. Anthropological Linguistics. An introduction (Blackwell 1997). Course reading W.A. Foley. Anthropological Linguistics. An introduction (Blackwell 1997) Target group Master's students of Linguistics (Specialisation Language Documentation and Bible Translation) and MPhil-students of Linguistics Anthropological Linguistics: an overview VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 5 of 18
Course code L_TAMATWS004 (539615) Period Period 5 English Course objective Knowlegde of central notions and methods of anthropological linguistics. Ability to observe and analyse linguistic phenomena from the perspective of anthropological linguistics. Critical reflection on views regarding the relationship between language and culture. The student is able to report in a clear manner on results of his or her own anthropological linguistic research. The student is able to interact critically with literature in the field of anthropological linguistics. Course content The following topics are discussed. Methods and basic notions of anthropological linguistics, orality and literacy, kinship terminology, counting and numeral systems, language and taboo, taxonomies and partonomies, the linguistic construction of personhood, language and gender.. Interactive lectures Type of assessment Short paper Course reading - W.A. Foley. Anthropological Linguistics. An introduction (Blackwell 1997) - Gerrit J. van Enk & Lourens de Vries. 1997. The Korowai of Irian Jaya. Their language in its cultural context. Oxford University Press. - Lourens de Vries. 2003. New Guinea communities without writing and views of primary orality. Anthropos 98 2003: 397-405 - Lourens de Vries. 1995. 'Numeral systems of the Awyu language family of Irian Jaya'. In: Journal of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology, BKI 150-III, 540-567 Target group Master's students of Linguistics (Specialisation Language Documentation and Bible Translation) and MPhil-students of Linguistics Remarks - Language English - Registration via TIS obligatory Articulatory Phonetics and Typology of Sounds Course code L_TAMATWS010 () VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 6 of 18
Period Period 1 Credits 0.0 Course objective At the end of this course, students are capable of recognising and producing the sounds of the languages of the world as well as transcribing them using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Students will also be able to read written material in phonetic transcription. Course content Articulatory phonetics deals with the production, perception, identification and categorization of speech sounds. In this course, we study the sounds of the world s languages: we learn how to recognize them, produce them, and to transcribe them. We will also study how particular segments and segment types are distributed across the languages of the world. Being able to read and write the International Phonetic Alphabet is a useful asset for further linguistic studies in general, but practical knowledge of articulatory phonetics and a typological background of sound systems is mandatory if you intend to do primary language data collection in the field. Tutorial. Students will need to spend a significant amount of time practising the sounds individually at home, using various (internet) resources that will be suggested during the course. Type of assessment Class attentandance and active participation: 10% Two transcription tests during the course (each 10%): 20% Review excercises I and II (each 10%): 20% Typology assignment(s): 10% Final transcription test: 40% Course reading Do not purchase any of these books yet. Textbook: Bickford, Anita C. and Rick Floyd. 2003 [3rd ed. or any later editions]. Tools for Analyzing the world s languages: Articulatory Phonetics. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Additional Reading: Ladefoged, Peter and Ian Maddieson. 1996. The Sounds of the World s Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. Additional reading: Catford, J.C., 2001 [2nd edition]. A practical introduction to Phonetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (selected chapters) Typology readings: Selected chapters on the typology of sounds from The World Atlas of Language Structures (Oxford, 2005), also available online: http://wals.info/. Entry requirements BA in linguistics or a particular language; MA/BA in Anthropology or Bible Translation. This course is a prerequisite for the elective Field Methods & Linguistic Analysis. VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 7 of 18
Communication and Cognition, Relevance Theory Course code L_NTMANED009 () Credits 6.0 English dr. S. Daalder Course objective The course aims to make students familiar with the pragmatics of utterance interpretation. Course content Speaker and hearer are co-participants in every case of verbal interaction and most often take turns in each role all the time. However, the roles of speaker and hearer are markedly different. In his seemingly passive role, the hearer has to some extent the best of all worlds: he may quietly follow the threads of his own projects and take on board as much as he likes from the communicative efforts of the speaker. The only thing is, he has to work quite hard to figure out what it is that is being presented to him. Taking the rough semantic outlines of an utterance as his cognitive starting point, the hearer has to do a lot of interpreting, contextualising, inferencing and evaluating in order to reach a satisfactory hypothesis concerning the speaker's communicative intentions. The course will focus on the principles involved in these processes, taking its lead from the so-called Relevance theory of utterance interpretation. We will read the central publication expounding this approach and go on to study a shorter text on a special subject. The students will study and discuss the literature from Relevance theory and write a short report every week. Type of assessment Written work during the course and a final report on the main points of Relevance theory Course reading Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson, Relevance: Communication and cognition. Revised ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. Entry requirements Master's courses in descriptive linguistics of any language. Please contact the teacher in advance. Target group Research Master's students Linguistics, Master's students Linguistics, Language and Culture, English Language and Culture. Describing Morphosyntax Course code L_TAMATWS014 () Credits 6.0 VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 8 of 18
English Course objective The student knows the fundamental notions and methods of descriptive linguistics in the domains of morphology and syntax. The student knows current typological, functional and cognitive frameworks within which morphosyntactic phenomena can be understood and explained. The student is able to apply fundamental notions and methods of descriptive morphosyntax to data obtained from independent fieldwork. The student is able to evaluate the adequacy of morphosyntactic descriptions. The student is able to interact in a critical manner with literature in the field of descriptive morphosyntax. Course content Students learn how to describe and document the morphosyntax of lesser documented or unknown languages. Lectures, students analyses datasets that are discussed in class. Type of assessment Written exam Course reading Timothy Shopen (ed.), Language Typology andsyntactic Description, Vol. 1: Clause Stzuctuze, C.U.P. 2007 Target group Master's students of Linguistics (Language Documentation; Bible Translation); MPhil-students Linguistics Describing Morphosyntax Course code L_TAMATWS002 (539612) Period Period 2 English dr. W. van den Heuvel R. Wester MA, dr. W. van den Heuvel Course objective The student knows the fundamental notions and methods of descriptive linguistics in the domains of morphology and syntax. The student knows current typological, functional and cognitive frameworks within which morphosyntactic phenomena can be understood and explained. The student is able to apply fundamental notions and methods of descriptive morphosyntax to data obtained from independent fieldwork. The student is able to evaluate the adequacy of morphosyntactic descriptions. The student is able to interact in a critical manner with literature in the field of descriptive morphosyntax. VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 9 of 18
Course content Students learn how to describe and document the morphosyntax of lesser documented or unknown languages Lectures, students analyses datasets that are discussed in class Type of assessment Written exam Course reading Timothy Shopen (ed.), Language Typology andsyntactic Description, Vol. 1: Clause Stzuctuze, C.U.P. 2007 Target group Master's students of Linguistics (Language Documentation; Bible Translation); MPhil-students Linguistics Remarks Registration via TIS obligatory Describing Morphosyntax Course code L_TAMATWS006 (539622) Period Period 3 English Course objective To learn to work with language informants as a source of information on morphosyntactic aspects of languages totally unknown to the student. To apply insights learned during the course Describing Morphosyntax (539612) on data sets obtained from informants. To practice making write- ups of analysed datasets. Course content (1) Each student should find informant(s) that speak a non-indo-european language or a language very different from the language(s) that the student speaks. (2) The student collects data on that language in minimally 10 sessions of one hour (or 5 sessions of 2 hours) by eliciting data from that informant, both lists of words, paradigms and text(s). (3) The informant can be paid max. 5 Euro per hour (but if he/she does it free, that is even better). (4) The student shall follow the questions formulated in Payne as a guide; it is allright to focus on certain areas of the language if they provide more than enough material for the paper, e.g. the Tense-Mood-Aspect system or clause combinations etc. (5) The first chapter of the paper should contain information about: (a) the language studied (see Payne, ch. 1) (b) the informant (see Payne, appendix 1) (c) the kinds of data that were collected. (6) The paper should have a transcribed short text and an VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 10 of 18
alphabetical wordlist. (7) Helpful for elicitation of data is Bouquiaux 1992. (8) For interlinear glossing follow the procedures of Leipzig or Erfurt (see sites below). (9) Minimally the paper should have 25 pages including appendices and data sheets. (10) The students is allowed to consult grammars on these languages but the proposed analyses should be based on the own data. Lecture. Students work with informants during the 3rd term Type of assessment Paper Course reading - Bouquiaux, Luc and Jacqueline Thomas (1992). Studying and Describing Unwritten Languages. Dallas: SIL - Dixon, R.M.W. The rise and fall of languages. Cambridge University Press, 1997 - Payne, Tomas. Describing Morphosyntax. A guide for field linguists. Cambridge, University Press, 1997 - Leipzig (Max Planck) Glossing Rules: www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/files/morpheme.html - Erfurt/Glossing Rules: www.unierfurt.de/sprachwissenschaft/personal/lehman/cl_publ/img.pdf - Tools for language description/typological approach to field linguistics: www.lingweb.eva.mpg.de/fieldtools/tools.html - Inventory of languages and language names: www.ethnologue.com - Field linguistic software: www.ethnologue.com/tools_docs/software_intro.asp - www.ethnologue.com/tools_docs/shoebox.asp Entry requirements The course Describing Morphosyntax 1 (539612) should be completed succesfully. Target group Master's students of Linguistics (Language Documentation; Bible Translation) Remarks Registration via TIS obligatory Developing Computer-assisted Language Teaching Aids Course code L_CAMAALG007 () Credits 6.0 drs. E. Akkerman Developing Computer-assisted Language Teaching Aids Course code L_CAMAALG002 (542602) Period Period 1 VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 11 of 18
drs. E. Akkerman drs. E. Akkerman practicum seminar Disorders in Language and Hearing Course code L_WAMATWS014 () Credits 6.0 prof. dr. M.M.R. Coene as a Second Language Impairment Course code L_WAMATWS006 (541612) Period Period 1 dr. P.H.F. Bos dr. P.H.F. Bos seminar Dyslexia and Special Education in Language Teaching Course code L_WAMATWS008 (541614) Period Period 5 dr. P.H.F. Bos dr. P.H.F. Bos Dyslexie, orthodidactiek taalonderwijs VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 12 of 18
Course code L_WAMATWS016 () Credits 6.0 dr. P.H.F. Bos Dyslexy and Special Education in Languag Course code L_WAMATWS005 (541608) Credits 0.0 dr. P.H.F. Bos Introduction to Translation Studies Course code L_TAMATWS001 (539606) Period Period 1 English Course objective The student has knowledge of fundamental notions and methods of translation studies. The student is able to apply notions and methods of translation studies to concrete translation projects and problems. The student has the ability of critical reflection on translation processes. The student is able to report in a clear fashion about translation problems. The student is able to interact in a critical manner with sholarly sources on translation studies and methods of translation. lecture Lectures and reading assignments Type of assessment Written exam Course reading - All students: C. Nord, Translating as a purposeful activity, Manchester: St. Jerome - Additional for Bilble Translation students only: T. Wilt, ed., Bible Translation: Frames of Reference, Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing Target group VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 13 of 18
Master's students of Linguistics (Bible Translation); master's students CIW (Specialization ICT and Translation); master's students Theology (Bible Translation) Remarks Registration via TIS obligatory Language and Hearing Impairment Course code L_WAMATWS009 (541615) Period Period 4 prof. dr. M.M.R. Coene prof. dr. M.M.R. Coene Language Teaching in Vocational Education Course code L_WAMATWS003 (541606) Period Semester 2 dr. B.H. Bossers dr. B.H. Bossers lecture Language Teaching in Vocational Education and Pedagogy of as a Second Language to Adult SL Learners Course code L_WAMATWS013 () Credits 9.0 dr. B.H. Bossers MA-Thesis Applied Linguistics Course code L_WAMATWSSCR (541651) Period Ac. Year (September) Credits 20.0 VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 14 of 18
prof. dr. M.M.R. Coene MA-Thesis Theoretical Linguistics Course code L_TAMATWSSCR (539651) Period Ac. Year (September) Credits 20.0 English Methods and Procedures in Field Linguistics Course code L_TAMATWS011 () Period Period 1 Credits 0.0 Paper Presentation Course code L_WABATWS001 (541169) Period Semester 1, Semester 2 Credits 0.0 dr. B.H. Bossers dr. B.H. Bossers, dr. P.H.F. Bos, dr. C.A.M. de Jong Lecture lecture Contacthours variate Paper Presentation Master Linguistics Course code L_WAMATWS015 () Credits 0.0 dr. B.H. Bossers Pedagogy of as a Second Language to Adult SL Learners VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 15 of 18
Course code L_WAMATWS002 (541605) Period Semester 2 dr. B.H. Bossers dr. B.H. Bossers lecture Specific Disorders in Language Development and Aphasia Course code L_WAMATWS007 (541613) Period Period 2 prof. dr. M.M.R. Coene prof. dr. M.M.R. Coene lecture Specific Disorders in Language Development and Multilinguality Course code L_WAMATWS011 () Credits 6.0 dr. P.H.F. Bos Teaching as a Second Language Course code L_WAMATWS010 () Credits 9.0 dr. B.H. Bossers Teaching as a Second Language Course code L_WAMATWS004 (541607) Period Semester 1 VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 16 of 18
Credits 10.0 dr. B.H. Bossers dr. B.H. Bossers Work Placement Master Applied Linguistics Course code L_WAMATWSSTA (541671) Period Semester 1 Credits 10.0 dr. B.H. Bossers Working Sessions in Bible Translation Course code L_TAMATWS013 () Credits 6.0 English Course objective To train students in the application of methods and notions discussed in the Introduction to Translation Studies (539606) to specific Bible translation problems in both the Old and the New Testament. Course content In the first half of the course students translate passages from the Greek New Testament and explain their translation choices in class; in the second half capita selecta of Hebrew translation problems are discussed from a linguistic point of view. Working sessions, students translate passages that are discussed in class Type of assessment Two papers Course reading Announced in class Target group Master's students of Linguistics (Specialisation Bible Translation) Working Sessions in Bible Translation VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 17 of 18
Course code L_TAMATWS003 (539613) Period Period 2 English Course objective To train students in the application of methods and notions discussed in the Introduction to Translation Studies (539606) to specific Bible translation problems in both the Old and the New Testament. working group Working sessions Type of assessment Paper Course reading To be announced during the course Entry requirements The course Introduction to Translation Studies (539606) should be completed succesfully. Target group Master's students; of Linguistics (Specialisation Bible Translation) Remarks - Language English - Registration via TIS obligatory VU University Amsterdam - - M Linguistics - 2010-2011 6/8/2012 - Page 18 of 18