Rapid DNA Instrument Update & Enhancement Plans for CODIS

Rapid DNA Instrument Update & Enhancement Plans for CODIS Biometrics Consortium Conference 2013 September 19, 2013 Tampa, Florida Thomas Callaghan PhD FBI Laboratory

Rapid DNA Analysis (Law Enforcement Rapid DNA) 2 Rapid DNA describes the fully automated (hands free) process of developing an STR profile from a reference sample buccal swab. The swab in profile out process consists of automated extraction, amplification, separation, detection and allele calling without human intervention. NO RAPID DNA INSTRUMENTS OR KITS HAVE BEEN APPROVED BY THE FBI FOR SUBMISSION OF SAMPLES TO NDIS/CODIS

Supreme Court of the United States Decision: Maryland v. King, 133 S. Ct. 1958 (2013) 5-4 Decision: Collection of DNA from Arrestees is constitutional DNA identification of arrestees is a reasonable search that can be considered part of a routine booking procedure.

CODIS Architecture of NDIS NDIS SDIS SDIS SDIS LDIS Ft. Lauderdale LDIS Tallahassee LDIS Tampa

CODIS Integration of Rapid DNA (RDIS) NDIS SDIS SDIS SDIS LDIS Ft. Lauderdale LDIS Tallahassee LDIS Tampa Rapid DNA Index System (RDIS) RDIS 1,000 s LE Agencies involved in R-DNA

6 CODIS and Rapid DNA Integration (Vision) The swab in profile out integration of Rapid DNA into CODIS requires the development of the Rapid DNA Index System (RDIS). RDIS consists of a two hour, two step process. The first step involves developing a CODIS DNA profile from an arrestee in under one hour for REGISTATION and then searching the National DNA Index System (NDIS) during the second hour. RDIS Integration Phases Phase 1: Rapid Enrollment (Portal) Expand NDIS registration beyond 54 SDIS Phase 2: Rapid Hit Notification - Notification to the booking station and the investigating agency

Rapid DNA Enrollment Portal Concept Phase 1 Booking DNA Collection LiveScan 1 Send PII Criminal 2 Identity Verified Receive Message: Collect DNA Biometric Identification Criminal History Record DNA in CODIS SID DNA Profiling 3 Send DNA Profile CODIS

Future Rapid DNA Workflow in the Booking Station CODIS SDIS SDIS SDIS SID# LDIS LDIS LDIS National DNA Database Hierarchy

Rapid DNA Hit Notification Phase 2 CODIS DNA Profile Search Forensic Forensic DNA DNA Notification Contact RDNA Hit Notification Invest. Agency/POC Incident# Offense Code Date Record Entered SID Notify VIA NGI HIT Investigating Agency Back up Notification Forensic DNA Laboratory RDNA Hit Notification Booking Agency Arresting Agency Date Record Entered SID# RDNA Hit Notification Booking Agency Arresting Agency Date Record Entered SID# NGI/CODIS Message Manager

RDNA Instrument Status IntegenX - RapidHIT 200 2012 - September delivery and operation NetBio - ANDE (DNAscan) 2012 - September delivery and operation ZyGEM/Lockheed Martin - IntrepID 2013 - delivery expected September 2013 Success is defined as concordant CODIS 13 loci results between R-DNA systems and current laboratory bench top genotyping techniques

Heat Maps for Sample Tracking 80% Correct Loci Calls 37% Correct CODIS Core 13 Loci Each cell represents a comparison between the known genotype and the R-DNA generated genotype Correct Call One of 2 Alleles Present No Alleles Incorrect Alleles Present Drop-In Present Heat map definitions agreed up by NIST, FBI, and DFSC

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NetBio ANDE/DNAscan Instrument D3S1358 TH01 D21S11 D18S51 Penta_E D5S818 D13S317 D7S820 D16S539 CSF1PO Penta_D AMEL vwa D8S1179 TPOX FGA 15,18 9,9.3 29,29 12,13 10,17 11,11 11,11 8,13 10,11 10,13 9,12 X,X 14,18 12,15 8,11 20,22.2

ANDE Sample Observations Drop-in (24.3,27) Drop-out (10,13) Alleles Present but not transferred to.cmf

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IntegenX RapidHIT 200 Instrument D3S1358 TH01 D21S11 D18S51 Penta_E D5S818 D13S317 D7S820 D16S539 CSF1PO Penta_D AMEL vwa D8S1179 TPOX FGA 15,18 9,9.3 29,29 12,13 10,17 11,11 11,11 8,13 10,11 10,13 9,12 X,X 14,18 12,15 8,11 20,22.2

RapidHIT 200 Sample Observations Artifacts Present Drop-in (13,14) Drop-out (8,11) Additional Alleles Present but not transferred to.cmf

R-DNA Instrument Demonstrations FBI Biometric Steering Committee Demo, Oct 2012: ANDE and RH200 each run twice during meeting 13/20 Samples 65% Success SWGDAM Demo, July 2013: 40 attendee samples each run on ANDE and RH200. 71/80 Samples 88% Success

NIST Interlaboratory Testing Each participant sent a standard sample set for testing Provide participants and sponsor with data and feedback Each participant and will receive their specific performance feedback The sponsor (FBI) will get a cumulative report for dissemination Data and results will assist ongoing developmental validation studies and other decisions in the adoption of R-DNA Lab 1 NIST Inter-laboratory Samples (50 Buccal Swabs) Send out samples NIST DoD DFSC FBI Data returned to NIST Testing R-DNA Instrument(s) NIST Analyzed Results Results disseminated Lab 2 Lab 3 Cumulative Report to Sponsor (FBI)

R-DNA Instrument Status NIST Interlaboratory Study 50 samples (5 replicates of 10 unique individuals) Run on ANDE (4 instruments) and RH200 (3 instruments) Combined R-DNA Results: 309/350 Samples 88% Success

NETBIO ANDE/DNAscan SYSTEM Event Timeline Sept 2012- Delivery 37% CODIS 13 success November 2012 Jan 2013: Instrument idle Jan 2013 April 2013: Instrument returned to NetBio for upgrades April July: Instrument back to FBI 74% CODIS 13 success Average success remained the same August Present: Instrument returned to NetBio for software upgrades

IntegenX RapidHIT 200 SYSTEM Event Timeline Sept 2012: Delivery 39% Success November 2012 Jan 2013: Instrument idle Feb July 2013: Series of upgrades/pms Average success remained the same ~ 75% Success July 3rd Present: Instrument returned to IntegenX for software and hardware upgrades to include heated lysis

R-DNA Instrument Performance 1. Spiral improvement of Prototypes during first year 2. Allele calls are correct 3. Failed samples due to partial profile Software Drop out Chip/Cartridge failure 4. When the prototype machines work, they work well

Rapid DNA Program Office Collaboration and Coordination Rapid DNA Task Force (CJIS APB, Identification Services Subcommittee) composed of DNA, criminal history, and identification systems SMEs; plan future workflows and requirements for Rapid DNA implementation Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods DNA SMEs who develop standards for forensic DNA analysis; will publish standards for validation and operation of Rapid DNA systems Rapid DNA User s Group Rapid DNA machine users from Federal, State and Local forensic laboratories; share data generated from prototype instruments and perform controlled studies on collaborative sample sets CJIS Biometric Center of Excellence provided initial funding and for procurement of prototype instruments

Issues and Gaps to Address for Effective RDIS Integration 1. Realistic Expectations and Perception - Law Enforcement (Right around corner & CODIS use) - DNA Community - Crime Scene - State DNA Laboratories SDIS 2. Use in accredited CODIS labs for reference samples (VAL) 3. CODIS & NGI R-DNA Enhancements (Software) 4. R-DNA Operational Pilot Studies (Pilot = non Lab Use) 5. Law Enforcement Booking Policies and Procedures

Vision of R-DNA Integration SWGDAM NDIS Today Industry R & D Laboratory FBI/NIST/LE Laboratory Performance Testing State Offender Concordance Validation SDIS State/Local Laboratory Reference Sample Use Police Booking Station Pilots Rapid DNA Task Force- APB 30

Development and Implementation Timeline 31 Next 6-12 months: Development, Testing, Integration Planning FBI, DOD, DHS, NIST evaluation and performance testing Establish performance, acceptance and validation plans (SWGDAM) CODIS and LiveScan/SID# requirements for Rapid DNA integration 1-2 Years: Second generation prototypes (Software and Kits) FBI & State Labs evaluate for Law Enforcement Testing and validation for CODIS /NDIS approval First Laboratory Operational Use (~Sept 14) samples run in accredited CODIS lab for immediate search 2-3 Years: Operational Pilot Testing (Approval Required) Major City Booking Pilots (High volume crime matching) 3-5 Years: Booking Station System Production (CODIS Software) Analyze DNA and submit profile from the booking station Search in real-time and inform police of hits in booking station Vision: Under $50 /Sample, Machine price less than Patrol Car

For Additional Information Rapid DNA FAQs www.fbi.gov/about- SWGDAM us/lab/codis/codis-and-ndis-fact- sheet www.swgdam.org 32

Acknowledgements NIST Peter Vallone Erica Butts FBI Lilly Moreno DoD DFSC Brigid O Brien Karen Olson Rick Tontarski Jeff Salyards DHS Chris Miles thomas.callaghan@ic.fbi.gov

Rapid DNA Integration RDIS Rapid DNA Index System SDIS CODIS SDIS SDIS LDIS LDIS LDIS CJIS Advisory Policy Board (APB) Rapid DNA Task Force 1,000 s RDIS RDIS# RDIS#: ORI/RMac Model, Ser#/Oper/Agency Conf#/DRE/SID ISP-SPG/ANDE Pro, 2012-4/TFC1/ISP2013-6298/091913-0731/IL-1224364