Maritime Work Law Fundamentals: Responsible Shipowners, Reliable Seafarers

Maritime Work Law Fundamentals: Responsible Shipowners, Reliable Seafarers Bearbeitet von Iliana Christodoulou-Varotsi, Dmitry A Pentsov 1. Auflage 2007. Buch. xvii, 823 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 540 72750 7 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 1424 g Recht > Europarecht, Internationales Recht, Recht des Auslands > Rechtsvergleichung schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

Contents Foreword...V Preface... VII Part I: Standards of the International Labour Organization (ILO) By Dmitry A. Pentsov 1. General overview... 3 1.1. The ILO: its aims and purposes... 3 1.2. The ILO standard-setting activities... 4 1.3. The ILO supervisory machinery... 5 1.3.1. Types of supervision... 5 1.3.2. The Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations... 5 1.3.3. The International Labour Conference Committee on the Application of Standards... 7 2. ILO maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations... 9 2.1. Overview... 9 2.1.1. The need for separate ILO maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations... 9 2.1.2. History of adoption and consolidation of ILO maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations... 11 2.1.3. Classification of ILO maritime labour Conventions and Recommendations... 12 2.2. Conventions and Recommendations of a General Character... 13 2.2.1. Content and practical application of standards... 13 2.2.1.1. The National Seamen s Codes Recommendation, 1920 (No. 9)... 13 2.2.1.2. The Seafarers Engagement (Foreign Vessels) Recommendation, 1958 (No. 107)... 14 2.2.1.3. The Social Conditions and Safety (Seafarers) Recommendation, 1958 (No. 108)... 14 2.2.1.4. The Employment of Seafarers (Technical Developments) Recommendation, 1970 (No. 139)... 14 2.2.1.5. The Continuity of Employment (Seafarers) Convention, 1976 (No. 145)... 15 2.2.1.6. The Continuity of Employment (Seafarers) Recommendation, 1976 (No. 154)... 16 2.2.1.7. The Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976 (No. 147)... 17

X Contents 2.2.1.8. The Protocol of 1996 to the Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention... 26 2.2.1.9. The Merchant Shipping (Improvement of Standards) Recommendation, 1976 (No. 155)... 27 2.2.2. Texts of standards... 28 2.2.2.1. National Seamen s Codes Recommendation, 1920 (No. 9)... 28 2.2.2.2. Seafarers Engagement (Foreign Vessels) Recommendations, 1958 (No. 107)... 28 2.2.2.3. Social Conditions and Safety (Seafarers) Recommendation, 1958 (No. 108)... 29 2.2.2.4. Employment of Seafarers (Technical Developments) Recommendation, 1970 (No. 139)... 30 2.2.2.5. Continuity of Employment (Seafarers) Convention, 1976 (No. 145)... 33 2.2.2.6. Continuity of Employment (Seafarers) Recommendation, 1976 (No. 154)... 35 2.2.2.7. Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976 (No. 147)... 37 2.2.2.8. Protocol of 1996 to the Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976... 41 2.2.2.9. Merchant Shipping (Improvement of Standards) Recommendation, 1976 (No. 155)... 44 2.3. Conventions and Recommendations concerning the access to maritime employment... 46 2.3.1. Content and practical application of standards... 46 2.3.1.1. Minimum age... 46 2.3.1.1.1. The Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 (No. 7)... 46 2.3.1.1.2. The Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936 (No. 58)... 47 2.3.1.2.Medical examination... 48 2.3.1.2.1. The Medical Examination of Young Persons (Sea) Convention, 1921 (No. 16)... 48 2.3.1.2.2. The Medical Examination (Seafarers) Convention, 1946 (No. 73)... 49 2.3.1.3. Training... 52 2.3.1.3.1. The Vocational Training (Seafarers) Recommendation, 1970 (No. 137)... 52 2.3.1.4. Qualifications... 53 2.3.1.4.1. The Officers Competency Certificates Convention, 1936 (No. 53)... 53 2.3.1.4.2. The Certification of Ships Cooks Convention, 1946 (No. 69)... 55 2.3.1.4.3. The Certification of Able Seamen Convention, 1946 (No. 74)... 57 2.3.1.5. Seafarers identity documents... 59 2.3.1.5.1. The Seafarers Identity Documents Convention, 1958 (No. 108)... 59 2.3.1.5.2. The Seafarers Identity Documents Convention (Revised), 2003 (No. 185)... 63

Contents XI 2.3.1.6. Recruitment and placement... 64 2.3.1.6.1. The Placing of Seamen Convention, 1920 (No. 9)... 64 2.3.1.6.2. The Recruitment and Placement of Seafarers Convention, 1996 (No. 179)... 68 2.3.1.6.3. The Recruitment and Placement of Seafarers Recommendation, 1996 (No. 186)... 69 2.3.2. Texts of standards... 70 2.3.2.1. Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 (No. 7)... 70 2.3.2.2. Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936 (No. 58)... 72 2.3.2.3. Medical Examination of Young Persons (Sea) Convention, 1921 (No. 16)... 74 2.3.2.4. Medical Examination (Seafarers) Convention, 1946 (No. 73)... 76 2.3.2.5. Vocational Training (Seafarers) Recommendation, 1970 (No. 137)... 79 2.3.2.6. Officers Competency Certificates Convention, 1936 (No. 53)... 85 2.3.2.7. Certification of Ships Cooks Convention, 1946 (No. 69)... 88 2.3.2.8. Certification of Able Seamen Convention, 1946 (No. 74)... 91 2.3.2.9. Seafarers Identity Documents Convention, 1958 (No. 108)... 93 2.3.2.10. Seafarers Identity Documents Convention (Revised), 2003 (No. 185)... 96 2.3.2.11. Placing of Seamen Convention, 1920 (No. 9)... 114 2.3.2.12. Recruitment and Placement of Seafarers Convention, 1996 (No. 179)... 117 2.3.2.13. Recruitment and Placement of Seafarers Recommendation, 1996 (No. 186)... 121 2.4. Conventions and Recommendations concerning conditions of maritime employment... 124 2.4.1. Content and practical application of standards... 124 2.4.1.1. Determination of conditions of employment... 124 2.4.1.1.1. The Seaman s Articles of Agreement Convention, 1926 (No. 22)... 124 2.4.1.2 Hours of work, rest and annual leave... 131 2.4.1.2.1. The Seafarers Hours of Work and the Manning of Ships Convention, 1996 (No. 180)... 131 2.4.1.2.2. The Seafarers Wages, Hours of Work and the Manning of Ships Recommendation, 1996 (No. 187)... 134 2.4.1.2.3. The Paid Vacations (Seafarers) Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 91)... 135 2.4.1.2.4. The Seafarers Annual Leave with Pay Convention, 1976 (No. 146)... 137 2.4.1.3. Repatriation... 139 2.4.1.3.1. The Repatriation of Seamen Convention, 1926 (No. 23)... 139 2.4.1.3.2. The Repatriation (Ships Master and Apprentices) Recommendation, 1926 (No. 27)... 141 2.4.1.3.3. The Repatriation of Seafarers Convention (Revised), 1987 (No. 166)... 141

XII Contents 2.4.1.3.4. The Repatriation of Seafarers Recommendation, 1987 (No. 174)... 143 2.4.1.4. Conditions of work of young seafarers... 143 2.4.1.4.1. The Protection of Young Seafarers Recommendation, 1976 (No. 153)... 143 2.4.2. Texts of standards... 145 2.4.2.1. Seamen s Articles of Agreement Convention, 1926 (No. 22)... 145 2.4.2.2. Seafarers Hours of Work and the Manning of Ships Convention, 1996 (No. 180)... 149 2.4.2.3. Seafarers Wages, Hours of Work and the Manning of Ships Recommendation, 1996 (No. 187)... 155 2.4.2.4. Paid Vacations (Seafarers) Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 91)... 159 2.4.2.5. Seafarers Annual Leave with Pay Convention, 1976 (No. 146)... 164 2.4.2.6 Repatriation of Seamen Convention, 1926 (No. 23)... 169 2.4.2.7. Repatriation (Ship Masters and Apprentices) Recommendation, 1926 (No. 27)... 171 2.4.2.8. Repatriation of Seafarers Convention (Revised), 1987 (No. 166)... 172 2.4.2.9. Repatriation of Seafarers Recommendation, 1987 (No. 174)... 177 2.4.2.10. Protection of Young Seafarers Recommendation, 1976 (No. 153)... 177 2.5. Conventions and Recommendations concerning safety, health, welfare and accommodation of seafarers... 181 2.5.1. Content and practical application of standards... 181 2.5.1.1. Safety... 181 2.5.1.1.1. The Food and Catering (Ships Crews) Convention, 1946 (No. 68)... 181 2.5.1.1.2. The Prevention of Accidents (Seafarers) Convention, 1970 (No. 134)... 183 2.5.1.1.3. The Prevention of Accidents (Seafarers) Recommendation, 1970 (No. 142)... 186 2.5.1.2. Health... 187 2.5.1.2.1. The Health Protection and Medical Care (Seafarers) Convention, 1987 (No. 164)... 187 2.5.1.2.2. The Ships Medicine Chest Recommendation, 1958 (No. 105)... 189 2.5.1.2.3. The Medical Advice at Sea Recommendation, 1958 (No. 106)... 190 2.5.1.3. Welfare... 190 2.5.1.3.1. The Seamen s Welfare in Ports Recommendation, 1936 (No. 48)... 190 2.5.1.3.2. The Seafarers Welfare Recommendation, 1970 (No. 138)... 191 2.5.1.3.3. The Seafarers Welfare Convention, 1987 (No. 163)... 192 2.5.1.3.4. The Seafarers Welfare Recommendation, 1987 (No. 173)... 193

Contents XIII 2.5.1.4. Accommodation... 193 2.5.1.4.1. The Accommodation of Crews Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 92)... 193 2.5.1.4.2. The Accommodation of Crews (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1970 (No. 133)... 196 2.5.1.4.3. The Bedding, Mess Utensils and Miscellaneous Provisions (Ships Crews) Recommendation, 1946 (No. 78)... 199 2.5.1.4.4. The Crew Accommodation (Air Conditioning) Recommendation, 1970 (No. 140)... 199 2.5.1.4.5. The Crew Accommodation (Noise Control) Recommendation, 1970 (No. 141)... 200 2.5.2. Texts of standards... 201 2.5.2.1. Food and Catering (Ships Crews) Convention, 1946 (No. 68)... 201 2.5.2.2. Prevention of Accidents (Seafarers) Convention, 1970 (No. 134)... 205 2.5.2.3. Prevention of Accidents (Seafarers) Recommendation, 1970 (No. 142)... 209 2.5.2.4. Health Protection and Medical Care (Seafarers) Convention, 1987 (No. 164)... 211 2.5.2.5. Ships Medicine Chest Recommendation, 1958 (No. 105)... 217 2.5.2.6. Medical Advice at Sea Recommendation, 1958 (No. 106)... 220 2.5.2.7. Seamen s Welfare in Port Recommendation, 1936 (No. 48)... 221 2.5.2.8. Seafarers Welfare Recommendation, 1970 (No. 138)... 224 2.5.2.9. Seafarers Welfare Convention, 1987 (No. 163)... 226 2.5.2.10. Seafarers Welfare Recommendation, 1987 (No. 173)... 229 2.5.2.11. Accommodation of Crews Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 92)... 233 2.5.2.12. Accommodation of Crews (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1970 (No. 133)... 245 2.5.2.13. Bedding, Mess Utensils and Miscellaneous Provisions (Ships Crews) Recommendation, 1946 (No. 78)... 252 2.5.2.14. Crew Accommodation (Air Conditioning) Recommendation, 1970 (No. 140)... 253 2.5.2.15. Crew Accommodation (Noise Control) Recommendation, 1970 (No. 141)... 253 2.6. Conventions and Recommendations concerning social security for seafarers... 255 2.6.1. Content and practical application of standards... 255 2.6.1.1. The Unemployment Indemnity (Shipwreck) Convention, 1920 (No. 8)... 255 2.6.1.2. The Unemployment Insurance (Seamen) Recommendation, 1920 (No. 10)... 257 2.6.1.3. The Shipowners Liability (Sick and Injured Seamen) Convention, 1936 (No. 55)... 257 2.6.1.4. The Sickness Insurance (Sea) Convention, 1036 (No. 56)... 259 2.6.1.5. The Seafarers Pensions Convention, 1946 (No. 71)... 261 2.6.1.6. The Seafarers Social Security (Agreements) Recommendation, 1946 (No. 75)... 262 2.6.1.7. The Seafarers (Medical Care for Dependants) Recommendation, 1946 (No. 76)... 263

XIV Contents 2.6.1.8. The Social Security (Seafarers) Convention (Revised), 1987 (No. 165)... 263 2.6.2. Texts of standards... 265 2.6.2.1. Unemployment Indemnity (Shipwreck) Convention, 1920 (No. 8)... 265 2.6.2.2. Unemployment Insurance (Seamen) Recommendation, 1920 (No. 10)... 267 2.6.2.3. Shipowners Liability (Sick and Injured Seamen) Convention, 1936 (No. 55)... 267 2.6.2.4. Sickness Insurance (Sea) Convention, 1936 (No. 56)... 272 2.6.2.5. Seafarers Pensions Convention, 1946 (No. 71)... 276 2.6.2.6. Seafarers Social Security (Agreements) Recommendation, 1946 (No. 75)... 279 2.6.2.7. Seafarers (Medical Care for Dependants) Recommendation, 1946 (No. 76)... 280 2.6.2.8. Social Security (Seafarers) Convention (Revised), 1987 (No. 165)... 280 2.7. Conventions and Recommendations concerning labour inspection of seafarers working and living conditions... 290 2.7.1. Content and practical application of standards... 290 2.7.1.1. The Labour Inspection (Seafarers) Convention, 1996 (No. 178)... 290 2.7.1.2. The Labour Inspection (Seafarers) Recommendation, 1996 (No. 185)... 291 2.7.2.Texts of standards... 292 2.7.2.1. Labour Inspection (Seafarers) Convention, 1996 (No. 178)... 292 2.7.2.2. Labour Inspection (Seafarers) Recommendation, 1996 (No. 185)... 296 2.8. Maritime Labour Convention, 2006... 300 2.8.1. Content and practical application of standards... 300 2.8.1.1. Scope of application of the Maritime Labour Convention... 300 2.8.1.2. Structure of the Maritime Labour Convention... 301 2.8.1.3. Areas for flexibility in implementation of the Maritime Labour Convention... 302 2.8.1.4. The meaning of substantial equivalence in the Maritime Labour Convention... 302 2.8.1.5. Contents of the Regulations and the Code... 303 2.8.1.5.1. Minimum requirements for seafarers to work on a ship... 303 2.8.1.5.1.1. Minimum age... 303 2.8.1.5.1.2. Medical certificate... 303 2.8.1.5.1.3. Training and qualifications... 304 2.8.1.5.1.4. Recruitment and placement... 305 2.8.1.5.2. Conditions of employment... 306 2.8.1.5.2.1. Seafarers employment agreements... 306 2.8.1.5.2.2. Wages... 308 2.8.1.5.2.3. Hours of work and hours of rest... 308 2.8.1.5.2.4. Entitlement to leave... 309 2.8.1.5.2.5. Repatriation... 309 2.8.1.5.2.6. Seafarers compensation for the ship s loss or foundering... 310 2.8.1.5.2.7. Manning levels... 311

Contents XV 2.8.1.5.2.8. Career and skill development and opportunities for seafarers employment... 311 2.8.1.5.3. Accommodation, recreational facilities, food and catering... 312 2.8.1.5.3.1. Accommodation and recreational facilities... 312 2.8.1.5.3.2. Food and catering... 313 2.8.1.5.4. Health protection, medical care, welfare and social security protection... 314 2.8.1.5.4.1. Medical care on board ship and ashore... 314 2.8.1.5.4.2. Shipowners liability... 316 2.8.1.5.4.3. Health and safety protection and accident prevention... 317 2.8.1.5.4.4. Access to shore-based welfare facilities... 318 2.8.1.5.4.5. Social security... 319 2.8.1.5.5. Compliance and enforcement... 321 2.8.1.5.5.1. Flag State Responsibilities... 321 2.8.1.5.5.2. Port State responsibilities... 322 2.8.1.5.5.3. Labour supplying responsibilities... 324 2.8.2. Text of standards... 326 2.8.2.1. Maritime Labour Convention, 2006... 326 Part II: The IMO Instruments and the Human Element By Dr. Iliana Christodoulou-Varotsi 1. General οverview... 419 1.1. The IMO: its aims and purposes... 419 1.2. The human aspects of safety at sea... 420 2. The STCW Convention and related instruments... 422 2.1. Content and practical application... 422 2.1.1. The 1978 STCW Convention... 422 2.1.2. The 1995 revision... 423 2.1.3. The STCW Code... 424 2.1.4. Subsequent amendments... 424 2.1.5. The White List... 424 2.1.6. Documents issued on the basis of the STCW Convention... 424 2.1.7. Litigation (prevention and practice)... 426 2.2. Texts... 430 2.2.1. International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978... 430 2.2.2. Attachment 1 to the Final Act of the Conference-Resolution 1... 437 2.2.3. Annex Amendments to the annex to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978... 437 2.2.4. Attachment 3 to the Final Act of the Conference-Annex... 455 2.2.5. Resolution 4... 456 2.2.6. Resolution 5... 457 2.2.7. Resolution 6... 458 2.2.8. Resolution 7... 458

XVI Contents 2.2.9. Resolution 8... 459 2.2.10. Resolution 9... 459 2.2.11.Resolution 10... 460 2.2.12. Resolution 11... 460 2.2.13. Resolution 12... 461 2.2.14.Resolution 13... 461 2.2.15.Resolution 14... 462 2.2.16.Attachment 2 to the Final Act of the Conference-Resolution 2... 462 2.2.17.Annex 1... 464 2.2.17.1. Part A... 464 2.2.18. Annex 2... 586 2.2.18.2. Part Β... 586 3. The International Safety Management (ISM) Code... 640 3.1. Content and practical application... 640 3.1.1. Scope and purpose... 640 3.1.2. New responsibilities for shipping companies and masters... 641 3.1.3. The ISM Code in the European Union... 642 3.1.4. Litigation (prevention and practice)... 643 3.1.4.1. The obligation to implement and not only document... 643 3.1.4.2. Criminal liability... 644 3.1.4.3. Civil liability... 644 The Hague Rules... 645 The Hague-Visby Rules... 645 The Hamburg Rules... 646 3.1.4.4. Limitation of liability... 646 3.2. Texts... 647 3.2.1. International Safety Management (ISM) Code... 647 3.2.2. Resolution MSC. 104 (73)... 654 4. The International Ship and Port Facility (ISPS) Code... 665 4.1. Content and practical application... 665 4.1.1. Scope and purpose... 665 4.1.2. Entities invdved (contracting Governments, port facilities, shipping companies and ships)... 666 4.1.3. Maritime security in Europe... 667 4.1.4. Maritime labour issues... 668 4.2. Texts... 670 4.2.1. Attachment 1 to the Final Act of the Conference-Resolution 1... 670 4.2.2. Annex 1-Conference Resolution 2... 682 4.2.2.1. Annex... 683 Part III: The Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) on Port State Control By Dr. Iliana Christodoulou-Varotsi 1. General overview... 709 1.1. Concept and legal foundations... 709 1.2. Port State control in the EU and the US... 711 2. Regional instruments in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region... 713 2.1. Content and practical application... 713 2.1.1. The Paris MOU... 713 2.1.1.1. Human element requirements... 714 2.1.1.2. Appeal and other procedures... 715 2.1.2. The Tokyo MOU... 715

Contents XVII 2.1.2.1. Human element requirements... 717 2.1.2.2. Appeal and other procedures... 717 2.1.3. The Black Sea MOU... 717 2.1.3.1. Human element requirements... 718 2.1.3.2. Appeal procedures... 719 2.2. Texts... 719 2.2.1. The Paris MOU... 719 2.2.2. The Tokyo MOU... 729 2.2.3. The Black Sea MOU... 737 Part IV: The European Union and the Protection of Maritime Labour By Dr. Iliana Christodoulou-Varotsi 1. General overview... 747 1.1. The maritime dimension of the EU... 747 1.2. The legal frame of maritime labour in the EU... 748 2. Substantive law... 750 2.1. Content and practical application... 750 2.1.1. The requirements of EC law... 751 2.1.2. The right of free movement of maritime labour, including masters and second mates.... 752 2.1.3. The legal framework on seafarers competency... 755 2.1.3.1. Minimum level of training of seafarers... 755 2.1.3.2. Recognition of qualifications of seafarers... 756 2.1.4. The legal framework on seafarers hours of work... 758 2.1.5. The protection of maritime labour in the event of insolvency of the shipowner... 759 2.2. Texts... 763 2.2.1 Directive 2001/25/EC on the minimum level of training of seafarers... 763 2.2.2. Directive 2003/103/EC amending Directive 2001/25/EC... 777 2.2.3. Directive 2005/45/EC of the mutual recognition of seafarers certificates issued by the Member States and amending Directive 2001/25/EC... 784 2.2.4. Commission recommendation 1999/130/EC on ratification of ILO Convention 180 concerning reafarers hours of work and the manning of ships, and ratification of the 1996 Protocol to the 1976 Merchant Shipping (minimum standards) Convention... 789 2.2.5 Directive 1999/63/EC concerning the Agreement on the organisation of working time of seafarers concluded by the ECSA and the FST... 790 2.2.6. Directive 1999/95/EC concerning the enforcement of provisions in respect of Seafarers hours of work on board ships calling at Community ports... 796 2.2.7. Directive 80/987/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the protection of employees in the event of the insolvency of their employer... 801 2.2.8 Directive 2002/74/EC amending Directive 80/987/EEC... 805 Selected bibliography... 811 Selected links on the internet... 817 Index... 819