ISO/IEC 14443 Contactless Interface Introduction CAS 26
Agenda ISO/IEC14443 International Card Standards ISO/IEC 14443 Standard Abbreviations Parts 1 4 PICC States Type A & B Coding & Modulation ISO Card Activation Sequence Comparison ISO7816 & ISO14443 Standards Regulations Semiconductors 2
International Standards www.crcamp.com/standards/sdos.htm Semiconductors 3
ISO/IEC Card Standardization Joint Technical Committee (JTC) 1 Other Subcommittees Working Group (WG) 4 Chip Cards Subcommittee (SC) (SC) 17 17 ID-Cards Working Group (WG) 8 Contactless IC IC Cards ISO 781 Contact ISO 7816 Task Force (TF) (TF) 1 Close Coupling ISO 1536 Task Force (TF) (TF) 2 Remote Coupling ISO 14443 Task Force (TF) (TF) 3 Vicinity Coupling ISO 15693 Not used anymore Semiconductors 4
ISO/IEC 14443 Part 1: Physical characteristics Physical size of the ISO14443 card Part 2: RF signal & power interface RF-interface (13.56 MHz, modulation, min. field-strength) Type A: 1% modulation, Miller bit-coding Type B: 1% modulation, NRZ bit-coding Part 3: Initialization & anti-collision Start of communication (request, anti-collision, select card) Type A: Bit-wise arbitration Type B: Time-slot Method Part 4: Transmission protocols Describes data exchange between reader and cards The ISO14443 does not specify any specific application, security or encryption. Semiconductors 5
ISO / IEC 14443 standard - Abbreviations ATQA BCC CRC_A HLTA ID PCD PICC REQA SAK SELECT UID WUPA Answer to Request Block Check Character Cyclic Redundancy Check Halt command, type A Identification number Proximity Coupling Device (reader/writer device) Proximity Card Request command Select Acknowledge Select command Unique card Identifier Wake-up command To purchase ISO14443 standard documents please go to: http://www.iso.ch ADC AFI ATQB ATTRIB CRC_B EGT EOF HLTB INF N PUPI R REQB SOF TR TR1 WUPB Application Data Coding Application Family Identifier Answer to Request PICC selection command Cyclic Redundancy Check Extra Guard Time End Of Frame Halt command INFormation field belonging to higher layer Number of anti-collision slots Pseudo-Unique PICC Identifier Slot number chosen by PICC Request command Start Of Frame Guard Time Synchronization Time Wake-up command Semiconductors 6
ISO/IEC 14443 Part 1 This part of the ISO/IEC 14443 specifies the PICC physical characteristics. Physical Dimensions Ultra-violet light, X-raysX Dynamic bending and torsion stress Alternating magnetic and electric field Static electricity and Static magnetic field Operating temperature Semiconductors 7
ISO/IEC 14443 Part 2 This part of the ISO/IEC 14443 specifies the RF power and signal interface for Type A and Type B cards. Electrical Dimensions Initial dialogue for proximity card Reader Talk First Frequency (13.56MHz + 7kHz) Operating magnetic field strength range: H min and H max Communication signal for Type A and Type B Semiconductors 8
ISO/IEC 14443 Part 2 Coding & Modulation Type A Type B PICC PCD (Uplink) Load Modulation Subcarrier fc/16, 16kbit/s ASK-Manchester 1 1 Load Modulation Subcarrier fc/16, 16kbit/s BPSK-NRZ 1 1 PCD PICC (Downlink) ASK 1% Modified Miller, 16kbit/s Fieldgap 4 cycles 1 1 ASK 1% NRZ, 16kbit/s 1 1 PCD Proximity Coupling Device (Reader) PICC Proximity Integrated Circuit Card Semiconductors 9
Comparison of type A and B Technical aspects of interface Downlink Modulation (PCD to PICC) Type A 1% ASK modified Miller code 1% ASK NRZ code Type B Signal/noise ratio Very high (3% noise tol.) Low (3% noise tolerance) Uplink Modulation (PICC to PCD) Load modulation, ASK Manchester code Load modulation, BPSK NRZ code Anti Collision Binary Search method Time slot method Product Portfolio µc and hardwired logic µc Speed Security Power (energy eff.) Large scale experience Interoperability experience (within one project) no difference between Type A and Type B no difference between Type A and Type B no difference between Type A and Type B Extensive; 5M cards, 5M readers components Extensive, multi suppliers for cards and readers Limited <3M cards, 2K readers Limited, no multiple vendors known Semiconductors 1
Principle of Bit Wise Anticollision Manchester Coding data "1" "" PCD Anticollision FDT Synchronous answer of all PICCs in the field UID form PICC 1 1 1 UID form PICC 2 1 1" " 1" " 1" " " " 1" "?" " PICC 1 PICC 2 PCD PCD detects collision Semiconductors 11
Anti-collision (Collision Arbitration) Unique identifier / serial number (UID) is basis for bitwise arbitration... Reader (R/W) Device Anticollision command 1xxx. 111xxx... Select 111... A) 111... 111... 111... 111... 111... 111... MIFARE cards B) C) 11... 11... 11... 11... 11... 11... Single remaining (selected) card can be authenticated for R/W operation... time Semiconductors 12
Card Activation Sequence 1 14443A-3 Type A Card State Diagram POWER OFF State Power on Reset HALT State IDLE State WAKE-UP Command REQA Command READY State Anticollision Loop Request Anti-Collision Select HALT Command ACTIVE State SELECT Command Application Semiconductors 13
Card Activation Sequence 2 PCD Start REQA ATQA PICC NO Proprietary frames and protocol Bit frame ant collision supported? YES Anticollision Loop UID + SAK * ISO 14443-3 A MIFARE Classic NO SAK bit 6 = 1? YES ISO 14443-4 (T=CL) * see next slide Semiconductors 14
Card Activation Sequence 3 PCD Anticollision Loop Anticollision L1 UID-UID3 or CT+UID-UID2* PICC UID complete? YES NO Select Select Acknowledge (SAK) Anticollision L2 (L3) UID3(6)-UID6(9) or CT+UID3-UID5* Select ISO 14443-3 A Select Acknowledge (SAK) UID & SAK * The CT (= Cascade Tag, Type A) byte indicates that the UID is not received completely yet. It indicates that another anticollision loop on the next higher cascade level is required to get the complete UID. Semiconductors 15
ISO14443 & ISO7816 ISO 7816 ISO 14443 Smart Card Contact Interface 7816 7816 --3: 3: Electronic Electronic Signals Signals and and Transmission Transmission Protocols Protocols Protocols Protocols T = or or T = 1,... = 1,... Manually Manually Insert Insert Card Card Answer Answer to to Reset Reset 5V 5V // 2 2 ma ma Logic Logic "" "" = to to,6v,6v 3 Parts Smart Card Contactless Interface 14443-4 Transmission Protocols 14443 14443 --3 Initialisation Initialisation and and Anti-collision Anti-collision 14443 14443 --2 Radio Radio Frequency Frequency Power Power and and Signal Signal Semiconductors 16